From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Mar 14 01:23:32 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B94456CD5C for ; Sun, 14 Mar 2021 01:23:32 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rwmaillists@googlemail.com) Received: from mail-wm1-x32b.google.com (mail-wm1-x32b.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::32b]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4DyhdZ65xWz4SWC for ; Sun, 14 Mar 2021 01:23:30 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rwmaillists@googlemail.com) Received: by mail-wm1-x32b.google.com with SMTP id r10-20020a05600c35cab029010c946c95easo17358666wmq.4 for ; Sat, 13 Mar 2021 17:23:30 -0800 (PST) X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:date:from:to:subject:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=9YehwQvsYJ5uqC4Gwcx4BVffqdZzfBZTispsoCVsyMc=; b=F8bxaNamp2vwPEcu8WSbL7mHrMZdHRcpAGSuu/nZB2bFLPeEs1CPL1l6j8rPeDpJX7 8tOyTP/2Bsc/Xcg80RB0yZlD6iL01mj0CfXlHyRldzZFUi7JeBIrf/427QhKLc2TeJ1c s2rlAZLeUqHPvYfyy9PKAT66MnSX9y0ARA6wQEdPchmlw9bDcoQQVZWKCnJhXsFAHwG3 mhww2AN4fUSfdNIJH7XAjiY96LB+7k43ktiBgwPPZxPJHLK4f01G6EXujn5Av2ZZ7UA9 SVTzdq53j84ggUvZMwMQTG9a3yokifreUz0ySLmPKNqoxJ/0JvsyhjIvELX35zus78Cy 6/6w== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM530o4qJb6uEDYdbZbCJ8qlpA7f5dsSSIysCggV8J2Mx3u8TQbCy/ cNjTFniynmlYOvXeRiYmW40Sa5E+/ZY= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJzfN+VB2s12UeII1wPRP6ipoG3+uQosqwMqOWjSRUMMf6gyvheUOaTPQ6VNeMT2Y3W9p8AJ3A== X-Received: by 2002:a1c:e383:: with SMTP id a125mr19790330wmh.125.1615685008968; Sat, 13 Mar 2021 17:23:28 -0800 (PST) Received: from gumby.homeunix.com (host-92-15-61-44.as43234.net. [92.15.61.44]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id e18sm985822wru.73.2021.03.13.17.23.28 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Sat, 13 Mar 2021 17:23:28 -0800 (PST) Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2021 01:23:27 +0000 From: RW To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Standards: IEC Giga [re: FreeBSD image size confusion] Message-ID: <20210314012327.2bb13206@gumby.homeunix.com> In-Reply-To: References: X-Mailer: Claws Mail 3.17.8 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.1) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4DyhdZ65xWz4SWC X-Spamd-Bar: ---- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[googlemail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[googlemail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[googlemail.com,quarantine]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[92.15.61.44:received]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[googlemail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RBL_DBL_DONT_QUERY_IPS(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::32b:from]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[googlemail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[googlemail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; SPAMHAUS_ZRD(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::32b:from:127.0.2.255]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::32b:from]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2021 01:23:32 -0000 On Sat, 13 Mar 2021 15:52:45 -0700 @lbutlr wrote: > On 13 Mar 2021, at 15:07, grarpamp wrote: > > "giga" = "G" = decimal prefix, powers of ten, 10^, base 10 > > underlying "gibi" = "Gi" = binary prefix, powers of two, 2^, base 2 > > underlying > > It will be a decade or three before we know if this shakes out the > way that ISO is trying to force on people. The simple fact is that GB > has been used for a binary number for decades, just as MB and KB, and > the moved from MB = 2^20 to MB = 1,000,000 was driven by Hard drive > manufacturers who wanted to market their 100MB drives as 104MB to > fool people into thinking the drives were larger than they were. Proper standards based multipliers have long since been preferred by hardware engineers wherever feasible. The misuse of decimal multipliers is limited to a few things where size is related to access by address lines, such as RAM, and only there for want of anything better. People who think this is driven by marketing typically have very limited experience. It's not just hard drives, telecoms also uses SI multipliers, as does the rest of engineering and science - your preferred misuse is the exception. The existence of proper binary multipliers is long overdue.