From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30  0:24: 5 2000
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Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 13:04:36 +0530 (IST)
From: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: kernel panic while booting...
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Hi,

I have made some changes to my kernel and I am trying to install the new
kernel.

I have configured the kernel using config -f.

While booting, the kernel panics with pagefault and repeatedly reboots. My
question is how do I get a crash dump of the kernel? How do I find the
problem?

Here the log message that came on the screen before rebooting:

Fatal Trap 12: Page fault while in kernel mode

fault virtual address = 0x20

fault code = supervisor write, page not present

Instruction Pointer = 0x8:0xf0194e2f
stack pointer = 0x10:0xf3357d4c
frame Pointer = 0x10:0xf3357dcc
code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
             = DPL 0, pres 1, def 32 1, gram 1

processor ef flags = interrupt enabled, resume IOPL = 0

current process = 149 (sendmail)

Interrupt mask = 

trap number  = 12

Panic: page fault

What does the current process sendmail means? Is it the one under problem?
How do I get a dump of this kernel? How do I debug this?

Kernel version is: 3.1 FreeBSD

thanks in Advance

--gb



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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30  8:23:14 2000
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From: "Nguyen, Olivier T [AMSTA-AR-CCF-D]" <onguyen@pica.army.mil>
To: "'freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG'" <freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG>
Subject: where can i find the document for DNS
Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 11:23:17 -0400
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Hi 
I want to set up my private lan at home an DNS.  I try it but it seem not
working like it suppose to.  I follow the book "DNS and BIND" from O'relly.

After do all of edit named.conf, named.root, hosts, resolv.conf and all of
database file. I run  named. I get couple of errors messages.
this is my question

1)Do I need to set 127.0.0.1 in resolv.conf as a nameserver?
2)when i do nslookup, i get a report something like this "cannot find the
host 192.168.1.5 which is my freebsd who i set nameserver in resolv.conf.
What should i do to get this work
3)if i put 127.0.0.1 in resolv.conf, it work. According to "DNS and BINDs"
book, i don't need to use the localhost (loopback) as a nameserver in
resolv.conf.  any host that set Nameserver would works.  How can it won't
work on mine
Please help
Olivier


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30  9:41:58 2000
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From: Ben Smithurst <ben@scientia.demon.co.uk>
To: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
Cc: FreeBSD-questions@FreeBSD.org
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
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G.B.Naidu wrote:

> I would like to know how to enable superuser logins using telnet?

Well, you should probably be logging in as a normal user and using "su",
but if you really want to, "man ttys".  This is a -questions question,
too.

-- 
Ben Smithurst / ben@scientia.demon.co.uk / PGP: 0x99392F7D


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30 10:42:43 2000
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Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 18:43:47 +0100
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To: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
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"G.B.Naidu" wrote:
 
> Hi,
> 
> I would like to know how to enable superuser logins using telnet?

This is a *REALLY* bad idea. The problem with telnet, is that is a
trivial task to sniff passwords, so if you login as root over telnet,
others can pick up your root password. Then, once they've got that, they
can telnet in themselves as root.

You want to investigate the use of 'su', so create a user who is in
group wheel, and then let them login and su to root.

You should also start considering the use of ssh instead of telnet.
There are ssh clients for Windows, Mac, etc. as well as Unix. This in
itself gives you a little more security as the password never crosses
the wire in plaintext...

Of course, if you really, really, really, REALLY had to be able to
telnet in as root (you don't, I don't care what you say, you're just
trying to break things for no good reason! :) ), then you need to look
at /etc/ttys and change the entries under ttyp* to make them 'secure'
(do a 'man 5 ttys' if you're not sure).

-- 
Paul Robinson - Developer/Sys Admin @ Akitanet http://www.akitanet.co.uk
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales: T:+44 (0)1869 337088  F:+44 (0)1869 337488 E:sales@akitanet.co.uk
Techs: T:+44 (0)161 228 6388 F:+44 (0)161 228 6387 E:root@akitanet.co.uk
------------------------------------------------------------------------


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30 10:49:59 2000
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Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 19:49:46 +0200
From: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
To: Paul Robinson <paul@akitanet.co.uk>
Cc: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
Message-ID: <20000430194946.A92146@cichlids.cichlids.com>
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Thus spake Paul Robinson (paul@akitanet.co.uk):

> trivial task to sniff passwords, so if you login as root over telnet,

there are cases where you can trust the members on your LAN, e.g. if
it's your family.

> You want to investigate the use of 'su', so create a user who is in
> group wheel, and then let them login and su to root.

That sucks. the only reason why I telnet to my router-box is ifconfig
isp0 up/down, which I need to do as root.

Either, I log in as root via telnet (I'm using ssh, btw, but Windows
has no good/free ssh client), or I su (sucks) or something like sudo.

I'll probably soon do something like sudo.

Alex

-- 
I need a new ~/.sig.


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30 12:27:49 2000
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Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 15:27:57 -0400 (EDT)
From: Adam <bsdx@looksharp.net>
To: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
Cc: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
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If nobody has answered yet, you put the word secure behind a few of the
lines in /etc/ttys under Pseudo terminals:
ttyp0   none                    network
ttyp1   none                    network
becomes
ttyp0   none                    network secure
ttyp1   none                    network secure

then kill -1 1 to activate that.  

As for a free windows ssh client I suggest TeraTerm with the ttssh plugin
which is found easily via a websearch.


On Sun, 30 Apr 2000, Alexander Langer wrote:

>Thus spake Paul Robinson (paul@akitanet.co.uk):
>
>> trivial task to sniff passwords, so if you login as root over telnet,
>
>there are cases where you can trust the members on your LAN, e.g. if
>it's your family.
>
>> You want to investigate the use of 'su', so create a user who is in
>> group wheel, and then let them login and su to root.
>
>That sucks. the only reason why I telnet to my router-box is ifconfig
>isp0 up/down, which I need to do as root.
>
>Either, I log in as root via telnet (I'm using ssh, btw, but Windows
>has no good/free ssh client), or I su (sucks) or something like sudo.
>
>I'll probably soon do something like sudo.
>
>Alex
>
>-- 
>I need a new ~/.sig.
>
>
>To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org
>with "unsubscribe freebsd-net" in the body of the message
>



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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30 12:46:59 2000
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Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 21:46:28 +0200
From: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
To: Adam <bsdx@looksharp.net>
Cc: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
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Thus spake Adam (bsdx@looksharp.net):

> ttyp0   none                    network secure

I thought so, but I was unsure if it would work :-)

> As for a free windows ssh client I suggest TeraTerm with the ttssh plugin

It's free? Ooops, I always thought it's shareware or something. Nice.

Alex

-- 
I need a new ~/.sig.


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30 19:24:11 2000
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From: Stan Brown <stanb@netcom.com>
Message-Id: <200005010224.TAA18861@netcom.com>
Subject: 3c509 OACTIVE problem
To: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG (FreeBSD Networking)
Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2000 22:24:08 -0400 (EDT)
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	Hi,

	I wrote about the problem I am having with 3C509's locking up under
	high traffic conditions on a slow machine a week or so agoa.

	Some kind soul said he thought he knew a place to look in the code for
	this. Unfortunately I seem to have acidently deleted this persons mail
	:-(

	Did anyone take a look at this? I did recive one sugestion to lower the
	mTU, and I must admit that I have not tries this yet, but I was hoping
	that the problem with the code (if there is one) could be corected
	instaed.

	I would be happy to preform any needed tests.

	Thanks.

-- 
Stan Brown     stanb@netcom.com                                    404-996-6955
Factory Automation Systems
Atlanta Ga.
-- 
Look, look, see Windows 95.  Buy, lemmings, buy!   
Pay no attention to that cliff ahead...            Henry Spencer
(c) 1998 Stan Brown.  Redistribution via the Microsoft Network is prohibited.


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sun Apr 30 20:18:40 2000
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Was looking at using FreeBSd 4.x to terminate DSL traffic from customer
DSLAM's.

If anybody here has done that and wouldn't mind answering a couple
questions on it, please let me know.



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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  0:16:58 2000
Delivered-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 03:16:51 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Matthew N. Dodd" <winter@jurai.net>
To: Stan Brown <stanb@netcom.com>
Cc: FreeBSD Networking <freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG>
Subject: Re: 3c509 OACTIVE problem
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On Sun, 30 Apr 2000, Stan Brown wrote:
> Some kind soul said he thought he knew a place to look in the code for
> this. Unfortunately I seem to have acidently deleted this persons mail

That was probably me, but I've not had a chance to play with the ep driver
yet.

-- 
| Matthew N. Dodd  | '78 Datsun 280Z | '75 Volvo 164E | FreeBSD/NetBSD  |
| winter@jurai.net |       2 x '84 Volvo 245DL        | ix86,sparc,pmax |
| http://www.jurai.net/~winter | This Space For Rent  | ISO8802.5 4ever |



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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  6:51:57 2000
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To: alex@big.endian.de
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
From: sthaug@nethelp.no
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 30 Apr 2000 19:49:46 +0200"
References: <20000430194946.A92146@cichlids.cichlids.com>
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> > trivial task to sniff passwords, so if you login as root over telnet,
> 
> there are cases where you can trust the members on your LAN, e.g. if
> it's your family.

Some of us use SSH even at home...

Steinar Haug, Nethelp consulting, sthaug@nethelp.no


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  7: 5:33 2000
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From: "Ahmed Aden" <adenbros@hotmail.com>
To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: wrong root shell kicks me out when I login
Date: Mon, 01 May 2000 14:05:17 GMT
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Hello,

By accidentally specifying a bogus path when I did a 'chsh' as root, I
managed to lock myself out of the 'root' account because as soon as I
login, it kicks me out.  I tried to boot into single user mode with boot
-s, but it won't let me write to any files in that mode, and that's the
only mode I can access the 'root' account.  I'd rather not re-install the
software, but at this point, I'm out of fresh ideas.  Perhaps there is a
way to enable disk writing in single user mode, but I'm really not sure
how that works, I'm not sure I'm on the mailing list, but please e-mail
aaden@qwestip.net.


You'll see below what happens when I try to 'su' to root:

$ su root
Password:
su: /bin/tcsh: No such file or directory
$


I did the 'chsh' to /bin/tcsh accidentally, it should have been
/usr/local/bin/tcsh, I'm sure there's a way to fix this without
reinstalling.

________________________________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com



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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  7:23:42 2000
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Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 10:22:14 -0400
From: "Eric S . Van Gyzen" <lists@vangyzen.net>
To: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
Message-ID: <20000501102214.A16589@vitaly.vangyzen.net>
References: <Pine.GHP.4.10.10004301200560.23210-100000@hpd14.sasi.com> <390C70D3.87088484@akitanet.co.uk> <20000430194946.A92146@cichlids.cichlids.com>
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> Either, I log in as root via telnet (I'm using ssh, btw, but Windows
> has no good/free ssh client), or I su (sucks) or something like sudo.

PuTTY is an _excellent_ free client for Win32.  It does telnet
and ssh, the terminal is quite nice (it feels like an xterm),
and it is quite configurable.  The license is MIT style.  The
source, as well as binaries for x86 and alpha, are downloadable
from the website.  I highly recommend its use.

http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/

-- 
Eric


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  7:27: 6 2000
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Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 10:25:56 -0400
From: "Eric S . Van Gyzen" <lists@vangyzen.net>
To: Ahmed Aden <adenbros@hotmail.com>
Cc: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: wrong root shell kicks me out when I login
Message-ID: <20000501102556.B16589@vitaly.vangyzen.net>
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On Mon, May 01, 2000 at 02:05:17PM +0000, Ahmed Aden wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> By accidentally specifying a bogus path when I did a 'chsh' as root, I
> managed to lock myself out of the 'root' account because as soon as I
> login, it kicks me out.  I tried to boot into single user mode with boot
> -s, but it won't let me write to any files in that mode, and that's the
> only mode I can access the 'root' account.  I'd rather not re-install the
> software, but at this point, I'm out of fresh ideas.  Perhaps there is a
> way to enable disk writing in single user mode, but I'm really not sure
> how that works, I'm not sure I'm on the mailing list, but please e-mail
> aaden@qwestip.net.

Boot into single-user mode and do this to mount the filesystem read-write:
	# mount -o rw /
Actually, just this may work:
	# mount /
(I'm not on a FreeBSD box right now or I'd try it...)

-- 
Eric


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  8: 5:58 2000
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Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 17:05:27 +0200
From: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
To: sthaug@nethelp.no
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
Message-ID: <20000501170527.A8375@cichlids.cichlids.com>
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Thus spake sthaug@nethelp.no (sthaug@nethelp.no):

> > there are cases where you can trust the members on your LAN, e.g. if
> > it's your family.
> Some of us use SSH even at home...

That was an obsolete comment:

a) that has nothing do do with trusting your family.
b) we spoke about telnet from boxes, where ssh is not installed, e.g.
usual Windows(tm) installations.

*grmbl*

Alex

-- 
I need a new ~/.sig.


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  8: 8:53 2000
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Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 08:18:37 -0700
From: "Brian O'Shea" <boshea@ricochet.net>
To: "Eric S . Van Gyzen" <lists@vangyzen.net>
Cc: Ahmed Aden <adenbros@hotmail.com>, freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG,
	freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: wrong root shell kicks me out when I login
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On Mon, May 01, 2000 at 10:25:56AM -0400, Eric S . Van Gyzen wrote:
> 
> Boot into single-user mode and do this to mount the filesystem read-write:
> 	# mount -o rw /
> Actually, just this may work:
> 	# mount /

You'll want to specify the -u flag to mount, which indecates that the
mount options of an already mounted filesystem should be changed.

	(in single-user mode)
	# mount -u /

Then mount /usr and /var :

	# mount /usr
	# mount /var

Then use vipw to edit the password file, correcting the path for root's
login shell.

Good luck,
-brian

-- 
Brian O'Shea
boshea@ricochet.net


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  8:16: 4 2000
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To: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
Cc: sthaug@nethelp.no, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
References: <20000430194946.A92146@cichlids.cichlids.com>
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> b) we spoke about telnet from boxes, where ssh is not installed

do we wish to design for the foolish and soon to be dead?

randy


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1  8:24:29 2000
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From: Mike Silbersack <silby@silby.com>
To: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
Cc: sthaug@nethelp.no, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
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On Mon, 1 May 2000, Alexander Langer wrote:

> That was an obsolete comment:
> 
> a) that has nothing do do with trusting your family.
> b) we spoke about telnet from boxes, where ssh is not installed, e.g.
> usual Windows(tm) installations.
> 
> *grmbl*
> 
> Alex

You do system administration work from random boxes?  Installing a ssh
client on the windows boxes around you shouldn't be a problem; encrypted
logins aren't a novelty, they're a necessity.

Try disabling telnet totally.  After a week, you won't miss it.

Mike "Silby" Silbersack



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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 10:22:51 2000
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Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 18:28:51 +0200
From: Alexander Langer <alex@big.endian.de>
To: Mike Silbersack <silby@silby.com>
Cc: sthaug@nethelp.no, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
Message-ID: <20000501182851.A8859@cichlids.cichlids.com>
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Thus spake Mike Silbersack (silby@silby.com):

> Try disabling telnet totally.  After a week, you won't miss it.

This discussion is useless.

I had disabled telnet for years, but I switched it back on when I
happened to _sometimes_ do minimal administrative things on the router
when I'm in windows, e.g. getting up the PPP line to my ISP.

The amount of time to search/install a windows-ssh client is MUCH
bigger than its use.

Of course I don't miss telnet, since ssh provides such neat things as
public.keys, that you can add to your authorized_keys and other nice
stuff.

But that's not important here.

EOT

Alex

-- 
I need a new ~/.sig.


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 12:26: 3 2000
Delivered-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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From: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Message-Id: <200005011926.MAA93100@bubba.whistle.com>
Subject: ether matching in ipfw??
To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 12:26:00 -0700 (PDT)
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In trying to clean up this bridging stuff, I just realized that
ip_fw_chk() contains code for matching Ethernet headers and
non IP packets!

Does the "ip" in "ipfw" not mean anything to anyone??

This hack is just too gross and I plan to rip it out.
Call me Danish if you like.

We can put it back later in a separate place (as a separate
callout from ether_input(), netgraph node, or whatever) after
finishing the ether_input() cleanups.

-Archie

___________________________________________________________________________
Archie Cobbs   *   Whistle Communications, Inc.  *   http://www.whistle.com


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 13: 2:52 2000
Delivered-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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From: Luigi Rizzo <luigi@info.iet.unipi.it>
Message-Id: <200005012003.WAA46626@info.iet.unipi.it>
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
In-Reply-To: <200005011926.MAA93100@bubba.whistle.com> from Archie Cobbs at "May
 1, 2000 12:26:00 pm"
To: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 22:03:07 +0200 (CEST)
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
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> In trying to clean up this bridging stuff, I just realized that
> ip_fw_chk() contains code for matching Ethernet headers and
> non IP packets!
> 
> This hack is just too gross and I plan to rip it out.
> Call me Danish if you like.

yes it was a gross, and, especially, unfinished hack, and you are
welcome to rip it out. I should have done it myself long ago.

HOWEVER: for the future re-inclusion I would be a strong advocate
of a unified firewall interface rather than separate things
(etherfw, ipfw). The reason is because at times one might want
to interleave rules matching ethernet headers, ip headers, tcp
headers, and having separate filters does not support this.

> Does the "ip" in "ipfw" not mean anything to anyone??

for what matters we are already matching TCP flags which are
one layer above IP...

	cheers
	luigi
-----------------------------------+-------------------------------------
  Luigi RIZZO, luigi@iet.unipi.it  . Dip. di Ing. dell'Informazione
  http://www.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/  . Universita` di Pisa
  TEL/FAX: +39-050-568.533/522     . via Diotisalvi 2, 56126 PISA (Italy)
  Mobile   +39-347-0373137
-----------------------------------+-------------------------------------


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 13:33:30 2000
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From: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Message-Id: <200005012021.NAA93590@bubba.whistle.com>
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
In-Reply-To: <200005012003.WAA46626@info.iet.unipi.it> from Luigi Rizzo at "May 1, 2000 10:03:07 pm"
To: luigi@info.iet.unipi.it (Luigi Rizzo)
Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 13:21:43 -0700 (PDT)
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
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Luigi Rizzo writes:
> > In trying to clean up this bridging stuff, I just realized that
> > ip_fw_chk() contains code for matching Ethernet headers and
> > non IP packets!
> > 
> > This hack is just too gross and I plan to rip it out.
> > Call me Danish if you like.
> 
> yes it was a gross, and, especially, unfinished hack, and you are
> welcome to rip it out. I should have done it myself long ago.
> 
> HOWEVER: for the future re-inclusion I would be a strong advocate
> of a unified firewall interface rather than separate things
> (etherfw, ipfw). The reason is because at times one might want
> to interleave rules matching ethernet headers, ip headers, tcp
> headers, and having separate filters does not support this.

Yes, I think that's a good idea.

Seems like a good approach would be to have separate per-layer
filtering in the kernel implementation, with a nice intuitive
unified userland view.

> > Does the "ip" in "ipfw" not mean anything to anyone??
> 
> for what matters we are already matching TCP flags which are
> one layer above IP...

True.. if we did things properly we'd have different filtering
engines at each level.  This would not be too hard to acomplish
using netgraph by providing 'stub' hooks at the appropriate points
in the networking stack. It should all have a nice unified userland
view of course.

-Archie

___________________________________________________________________________
Archie Cobbs   *   Whistle Communications, Inc.  *   http://www.whistle.com


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 14:12: 3 2000
Delivered-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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From: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Message-Id: <200005012111.OAA94013@bubba.whistle.com>
Subject: sizeof(struct ether_header)
To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 14:11:35 -0700 (PDT)
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I've noticed lots of places in the networking code that use
"sizeof(struct ether_header)" to represent "14", ie., ETHER_HDR_LEN,
eg:

  m_adj(m, sizeof(struct ether_header));

Isn't this bogus, as a structure may require longword padding on certain
architecures, so that sizeof(struct ether_header) would equal 16?

-Archie

___________________________________________________________________________
Archie Cobbs   *   Whistle Communications, Inc.  *   http://www.whistle.com


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 15:16:55 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 00:16:30 +0200 (CEST)
From: Remy Nonnenmacher <remy@boostworks.com>
Reply-To: remy@boostworks.com
Subject: Re: Proposal for ethernet, bridging, netgraph
To: rwatson@FreeBSD.ORG
Cc: archie@whistle.com, committers@FreeBSD.ORG,
	freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
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On 29 Apr, Robert Watson wrote:
> On Sat, 29 Apr 2000, Remy Nonnenmacher wrote:
> 
>> On 28 Apr, Robert Watson wrote:
>> > 
>> > Per my comment a little bit ago, please find patches that clean up the
>> > bridge/ipfw code a little at:
>> > 
>> > 	http://www.watson.org/~robert/bridge.patch
>> > 
>> > Because I'm travelling, I haven't had a chance to build or use the code in
>> >....
>> 
>> Nice try Robert, but the topic of the discussion haven't reached the
>> bridging code level. Next step.
> 
> On the contrary -- one of the fundamental problems we've been discussing
> here is that the layering needs sorting out -- physical layer, link layer,
> and above, are all mixed up.  We're pushing the bridging and packet
> sniffing interaction further up the stack, and as such some interfaces are
> changing.  As the current bridge code is transparent at the link layer, it
> makes sense to me that it would be cleaned at the same time.  In fact, in
> order that we properly clean the physical/link layer code, we need to
> better understand and simplify the bridge code so that we can do the job
> right.
> 

My point was that we haven't already decide where does the ether header
ripping will take place (either at if_ level or within ether_input()).
This will impact the rewriting of the bridging code.

RN.
IhM




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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 15:38:48 2000
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From: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Message-Id: <200005012238.PAA95180@bubba.whistle.com>
Subject: Re: Proposal for ethernet, bridging, netgraph
In-Reply-To: <200005012216.AAA63558@luxren2.boostworks.com> from Remy Nonnenmacher at "May 2, 2000 00:16:30 am"
To: remy@boostworks.com
Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 15:38:10 -0700 (PDT)
Cc: rwatson@FreeBSD.ORG, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG, luigi@FreeBSD.ORG
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Thanks for the previous reviews to the bridging cleanup patch.
Now I've got a new one.

This one "should work" but as noted before I can't test bridging
myself.

Please give it a try, especially if you do bridging..

  ftp://ftp.whistle.com/pub/archie/misc/net.cleanup.patch.4

Thanks,
-Archie

___________________________________________________________________________
Archie Cobbs   *   Whistle Communications, Inc.  *   http://www.whistle.com


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 19:18:51 2000
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From: Robert Watson <rwatson@freebsd.org>
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To: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Cc: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
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On Mon, 1 May 2000, Archie Cobbs wrote:

> In trying to clean up this bridging stuff, I just realized that
> ip_fw_chk() contains code for matching Ethernet headers and
> non IP packets!
> 
> Does the "ip" in "ipfw" not mean anything to anyone??

The BRIDGE/IPFW patch I emailed out earlier removes this bogosity, and has
a switch statement where one might consider adding calls to other
filtering code.

That said, I think this all continues to point to a more generalized
structure for inserting filters into packet processing.  This again raised
the opportunity to plug the BSD/OS code that uses BPF to filter (and even
modify) packets, allowing it to behave quite flexibly.  You could imagine
ng_bpfw filters being inserted strategically in the netgraph module graph
and filtering as needed and appropriate.  I second Luigi's sentiment that
we avoid having too many brands of filtering independently implemented,
but suspect that means we need to look beyond ipfw in other ways also.

One advantage to a BPF-like approach would be that you could imagine a
BPF->native code compiler, instead of a BPF execution vm in kernel, giving
performance close to ipfw, if not better, when optimized.  These custom
filtering modules built from userland rulesets could also be inserted
into the graph as needed.

Would also be nice to see the BRIDGE functionality as a node sitting above
a set of ng_ether nodes.

  Robert N M Watson 

robert@fledge.watson.org              http://www.watson.org/~robert/
PGP key fingerprint: AF B5 5F FF A6 4A 79 37  ED 5F 55 E9 58 04 6A B1
TIS Labs at Network Associates, Safeport Network Services



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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 22:56:45 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 11:37:11 +0530 (IST)
From: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.org
Subject: How do I change the group of an exisitng user...
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HI,

I want to change the group of an existing user. How do I do this?

If I want to add a particular user to additional groups, how do I do?

thanks
--gb




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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 23:13:13 2000
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From: Luigi Rizzo <luigi@info.iet.unipi.it>
Message-Id: <200005020613.IAA48539@info.iet.unipi.it>
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
In-Reply-To: <200005012021.NAA93590@bubba.whistle.com> from Archie Cobbs at "May
 1, 2000 01:21:43 pm"
To: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 08:13:37 +0200 (CEST)
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> > HOWEVER: for the future re-inclusion I would be a strong advocate
> > of a unified firewall interface rather than separate things
> > (etherfw, ipfw). The reason is because at times one might want
> > to interleave rules matching ethernet headers, ip headers, tcp
...

> Yes, I think that's a good idea.
> 
> Seems like a good approach would be to have separate per-layer
> filtering in the kernel implementation, with a nice intuitive
> unified userland view.

as long as one can intermix rules for different layers, which is
not immediately clear to me if we implement separate per-layer
filters (in the sense that there will still be the need of a
unique list of rules which span the separate filters, meaning we need
a unified kernel interface as well).

So i guess we should end up having (in the kernel) net_fw.c and
then ether_fw.c ip_fw.c ip6_fw.c ipx_fw.c  ...

	cheers
	luigi


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 23:36: 5 2000
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2000 00:36:45 -0600
From: Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>
Organization: Softweyr LLC
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To: Bill Fumerola <billf@chc-chimes.com>
Cc: Ryan Thompson <ryan@sasknow.com>, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: Max T1. Throughput?
References: <Pine.BSF.4.21.0004241805280.42785-100000@ren.sasknow.com> <3908C23B.177C942D@softweyr.com> <20000427184630.B40387@jade.chc-chimes.com>
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Bill Fumerola wrote:
> 
> On Thu, Apr 27, 2000 at 04:42:03PM -0600, Wes Peters wrote:
> 
> > You should also note that DSL and T1 have nothing to do with each other.
> 
> Ameritech recently delivered a DS-1 to a friend of mine in the form of DSL
> to his location and a device to give a ds-1 signal through the DSL.
> 
> TELCO ----DSL---> MAGIC-DEVICE ---DS-1--> DS1 equipment
> 
> The magic device was actually at his house.

That magic device would be a... switch!  I can show you how to do the
same with Frame Relay, ATM of any flavor, Ethernet at 10/100/1000 mbps,
Token Ring at 4 and 16 mbps, FDDI, CDDI, and just about anything else
you'd care to name, all in the same chassis.

Repeat after me: DSL is ATM over copper wire.  Nothing more, nothing
less, nothing magic.

-- 
            "Where am I, and what am I doing in this handbasket?"

Wes Peters                                                         Softweyr LLC
wes@softweyr.com                                           http://softweyr.com/


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From owner-freebsd-net  Mon May  1 23:46:11 2000
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2000 00:45:51 -0600
From: Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>
Organization: Softweyr LLC
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To: Jerry Bell <jerry@bellnetworks.net>
Cc: Ryan Thompson <ryan@sasknow.com>, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: Max T1. Throughput?
References: <Pine.BSF.4.21.0004241805280.42785-100000@ren.sasknow.com> <3908C23B.177C942D@softweyr.com> <001f01bfb0a1$27690340$f7bbb1d0@netrex.com>
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Jerry Bell wrote:
> 
> Yikes, who is advertising like this?  All of the providers in this area
> (Detroit) sell a 512k SDSL connection as 512k up and down (simutlaneously).

USWest.  They carefully spell out exactly what speed you're contracting
for, but the 256K/256K symmetrical service is called 512K, because that's
what you're getting.

-- 
            "Where am I, and what am I doing in this handbasket?"

Wes Peters                                                         Softweyr LLC
wes@softweyr.com                                           http://softweyr.com/


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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2  0:54:55 2000
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Subject: Re: Routing questions over leased lines
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Hello, i have sent the msg below and i havent solve
the problem:

> Hi, This is my situation:
> 
> note: I will use the network 209.88.252 for all the
> examples, so,for example, if i refer to a host or
> router 110, it's 209.88.252.110. 
> 
> I'm creating a company that work on web
> design/hosting.
> also, we are going to make a small "cafe internet",
> we
> "rent" hours in internet so ppl can surf, etc. using
> the same connection of the hosting.
> 
> My hosts, network, etc:
> The lan consist on 4 client, windows 98, they  have
> design software and others utils for web design and
> rent for web users.
> The server is a dual pentium II-400 with 128 mb of
> ram
> using FreeBSD-3.4, it will connect the lan to the
> wan
> of my isp and to the internet.
> The network connection consist of a et5025-16
> (etinc.com) card that is connected to a dsu/csu
> (newbridge.com 2601) and from it to a cisco 2509
> (other-end, the isp).
> 
> The newtwork topology:
> I'm connecting to a leased line so, the "basic"
> diagrama of the connection is:
> 105(router, isp) <--> 106(freebsd)
> network: 104
> this can be done by:
> ifconfig eth0 inet 106 104 broadcast 105 netmask 248
> (255.xxxx)
> Ok, but, the network assigned to me, it's the 112,
> so,
> the "right" connec would be like:
> (freebsd host) 106 <--> 112 (another host, in my
> office!)
> but, this cant be done, i mean, I want to use the
> same
> server that belongs to the 104 network.
> This would be the "correct" diagrama:
> 105(ISP) <--> 106 (my router) <-> 113 (my server)
> ******104 NETWORK*****-*****112 NETWORK**********
> so, I want to the freebsd to be "multi-homed" over
> the
> same line.
> I dont really want that my local hosts (the 3
> win98/linux) to have real ip address, i'll do natd,
> really, i just want that the freebsd server uses the
> ips assigned.
> 
> petition:
> please, dont make me question about this network
> topology, I'm not the one who created it!, it's isp
> "privacy" politics; give me a hand for configure
> this
> network.
> right now, the ifconfig output looks like:
> $ ifconfig eth0
> eth0: flags=51<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING> mtu 1500
>         inet 209.88.252.106 --> 209.88.252.105
> netmask
> 0xfffffff8
> I can telnet without problems to the other-end
> router,
> but i want to have internet access, if i try it now,
> i
> cant access,  the isp told me, "you need to use the
> network address that we gave you", that's the
> problem,
> how can i make freebsd to belongs to 112 if the
> interface is configurated for 104?
> better, How can freebsd be "multi-homed" over the
> same
> interface?
> 
> thanks alot!
i tried this:
nietzsche# ifconfig eth0 209.88.252.106 209.88.252.104
broadcast 209.88.252.105
netmask 255.255.255.248
nietzsche# telnet 209.88.252.105
Trying 209.88.252.105...
Connected to 209.88.252.105.
Escape character is '^]'.                             

I can connect to the other point, the route at the
isp.
now, i try to set up my network (209.88.252.112) and
using the first ip: 209.88.252.112:
nietzsche# ifconfig eth0 alias 209.88.252.113 netmask
255.255.255.248
ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCAIFADDR): Destination address
required
nietzsche# ifconfig eth0 alias 209.88.252.113
209.88.252.105 netmask 255.255.255
.248
ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCAIFADDR): File exists
nietzsche# echo "nameserver 209.88.252.105" >>
/etc/resolv.conf
nietzsche# route add -net 209.88.252.113
209.88.252.105
add net 209.88.252.113: gateway 209.88.252.105
nietzsche# ftp ftp.cdrom.com                          

...and i cant connect.

What can i do?, what's wrong with this configuration?.

thanks again!


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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2  5: 6:44 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 17:47:06 +0530 (IST)
From: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.org
Subject: sendmail hangs while booting...
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Hi,

I have posted a questoin earleir regarding a panic while booting. I didnt
get any response.

While still struggling to boot, I am getting some more strange problems.
Some times the sendmail daemon hangs while booting. The kernel files that
I have changed are: if_ethersubr.c, ip_output.c, rtsock.c

Which of the above could be causing the problem?

I would like to know the booting sequence, like when sendmail will be
started?

TIA
--gb






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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2  8:31:29 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 11:31:02 -0400 (EDT)
From: Garrett Wollman <wollman@khavrinen.lcs.mit.edu>
Message-Id: <200005021531.LAA73669@khavrinen.lcs.mit.edu>
To: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: sizeof(struct ether_header)
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<<On Mon, 1 May 2000 14:11:35 -0700 (PDT), Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com> said:

> Isn't this bogus, as a structure may require longword padding on certain
> architecures, so that sizeof(struct ether_header) would equal 16?

The structure contains no object larger than a short, so it should
never require such padding.  If any architecture ever does, far more
than this will break.

-GAWollman

--
Garrett A. Wollman   | O Siem / We are all family / O Siem / We're all the same
wollman@lcs.mit.edu  | O Siem / The fires of freedom 
Opinions not those of| Dance in the burning flame
MIT, LCS, CRS, or NSA|                     - Susan Aglukark and Chad Irschick


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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2  9:30:22 2000
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2000 09:32:05 -0700
To: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
From: Darcy Buskermolen <darcy@ok-connect.com>
Subject: ipfw and rule strangeness
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I have a program that I use to dynamically create and destroy ipfw rules,
however I just noticed something rather frustrating...

# ipfw add deny ip from hacker.host to server.host
00000 deny ip from hacker.host to server.host

# ipfw show 00000
ipfw: rule 0 does not exist

Looks like the rule number that is being echo'd back is not the same rule
it applied to the rule.
(my work around has been to grep for deny ip from hacker.host to server.host
 and grab that rule number, but that seams like a bad way of doing it)

My question, is this the expected behavior, or is it not, and while I'm on
the subject is there a way to change the default increment from 100 to
something smaller ?

\\DB




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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 10: 6: 2 2000
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From: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Message-Id: <200005021705.KAA02870@bubba.whistle.com>
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
In-Reply-To: <Pine.NEB.3.96L.1000501221417.18064G-100000@fledge.watson.org> from Robert Watson at "May 1, 2000 10:18:35 pm"
To: rwatson@freebsd.org (Robert Watson)
Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 10:05:54 -0700 (PDT)
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Robert Watson writes:
> One advantage to a BPF-like approach would be that you could imagine a
> BPF->native code compiler, instead of a BPF execution vm in kernel, giving
> performance close to ipfw, if not better, when optimized.  These custom
> filtering modules built from userland rulesets could also be inserted
> into the graph as needed.

See also..

  http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/~engler/dpf.html

-Archie

___________________________________________________________________________
Archie Cobbs   *   Whistle Communications, Inc.  *   http://www.whistle.com


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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 13:18:54 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 13:18:50 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kris Kennaway <kris@FreeBSD.org>
To: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Cc: Robert Watson <rwatson@freebsd.org>, freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
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On Tue, 2 May 2000, Archie Cobbs wrote:

> See also..
> 
>   http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/~engler/dpf.html

I'm waiting on a guy who's done a FreeBSD port of this: they're finishing
up the project it was ported for, after which time it will be made
public. Hopefully that will happen soon (the original ETA he gave me was
the end of april)..

Kris

----
In God we Trust -- all others must submit an X.509 certificate.
    -- Charles Forsythe <forsythe@alum.mit.edu>



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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 13:27: 0 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 13:26:55 -0700 (PDT)
From: Yonny Cardenas <ycardena@yahoo.com>
Subject: RTP and BSD Kernel
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Hi 

I am looking the support to real time data (audio or
Internet telephony)
on
4.4BSD (FreeBSD) maybe incorporated into the kernel.

I have been looking RTP (A Transport Protocol for Real
Time
Applications-RFC1889-
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp), is used to send
data in one
direction with no acknowledgment, this protocol is
supported in the
applications, these are coded to add and recognize a
new 12 byte header
of RTP in each UDP datagram.

I think that is desirable a RTP implementation in
kernel available for
several applications or for better performance.

This implementation could be following the principles
of Netgraph, it is
to say encapsulating RTP how a Netgraph node or nodes
into the BSD
kernel.

This implementation have sense?  

It is not clear what exactly one would implement in
the kernel.

Thanks for your opinions and comments.

+-------------------------------+
| YONNY CARDENAS B.             |
| Systems Engineer              |
|                               |    
| Student M.Sc.                 | 
| UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES      | 
|                               |
|                               |
+-------------------------------+
UNIX is BSD, and FreeBSD is an advanced 4.4BSD



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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 13:45:10 2000
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2000 14:59:54 -0500
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Hi 

I am looking the support to real time data (audio or Internet telephony)
on
4.4BSD (FreeBSD) maybe incorporated into the kernel.

I have been looking RTP (A Transport Protocol for Real Time
Applications-RFC1889-
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp), is used to send data in one
direction with no acknowledgment, this protocol is supported in the
applications, these are coded to add and recognize a new 12 byte header
of RTP in each UDP datagram.

I think that is desirable a RTP implementation in kernel available for
several applications or for better performance.

This implementation could be following the principles of Netgraph, it is
to say encapsulating RTP how a Netgraph node or nodes into the BSD
kernel.

This implementation have sense?  

It is not clear what exactly one would implement in the kernel.

Thanks for your opinions and comments.
 
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| YONNY CARDENAS B.             Apartado Aereo  22828	      	   |
| Systems Engineer    		Santafe de Bogota D.C.   	   |
|				Colombia - South America	   |	
| Student M.Sc.		     	Tels:   +571 2929451 +571 2929493  | 
| UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES     	mailto:	y-carden@uniandes.edu.co   | 
|                                	ycardena@computer.org 	   |
|				ICQ #: 	46933750           	   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
UNIX is BSD, and FreeBSD is an advanced 4.4BSD


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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 16:36:42 2000
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From: "Jeff Gallagher" <jeffg@cs.mun.ca>
To: <freebsd-net@freebsd.org>
Subject: Help with tweaking the stack and connections in 4.0
Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 21:12:59 -0230
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I need a little help here with some aspects of FreeBSD (and perhaps Unix)
that I am not real familiar with.

I need to change the default TCP window size from 16384 to various other
numbers. (Not on the fly of course)
What files do I have to change and what do I have to (re)build to make such
a change take effect?

I also need to increase the total number of simulatanious connections. (Open
connections) I am trying to test some networking software and I need to
flood the connections on the remote box and right now my FBSD box is dying
first - says something like jess: buffer overflow.  (Humm, isn't there a DoS
attack that does this?) Again what file(s) do I need to modify and (re)build
to make such a change.

Is there a specific group of files that control the networking portion of
the OS that will allow me to tweak some of the other details of the stack?

Does anyone off hand have any quantative data on the speed of the TCP stack
in FreeBSD. (Url link maybe?)

Sorry for the perhaps silly questions, but I am not well versed in the
layout and distribution of the FreeBSD sources. I checked LINT to see if
some of these were "obvious" kernel options but the only thing close was the
ICMP bandwith limiting.

Thanks in advance for your help!
Jeff Gallagher
jeffg@cs.mun.ca



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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 21:21:12 2000
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Cc: Bill Fumerola <billf@chc-chimes.com>,
	Ryan Thompson <ryan@sasknow.com>, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
X-Image-URL: http://www.transsys.com/louie/images/louie-mail.jpg
From: "Louis A. Mamakos" <louie@TransSys.COM>
Subject: Re: Max T1. Throughput? 
References: <Pine.BSF.4.21.0004241805280.42785-100000@ren.sasknow.com> 
 <3908C23B.177C942D@softweyr.com> <20000427184630.B40387@jade.chc-chimes.com> 
 <390E777D.FBBFBC6D@softweyr.com>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 02 May 2000 00:36:45 MDT."
             <390E777D.FBBFBC6D@softweyr.com> 
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> Bill Fumerola wrote:
> > 
> > On Thu, Apr 27, 2000 at 04:42:03PM -0600, Wes Peters wrote:
> > 
> > > You should also note that DSL and T1 have nothing to do with each other.
> > 
> > Ameritech recently delivered a DS-1 to a friend of mine in the form of DSL
> > to his location and a device to give a ds-1 signal through the DSL.
> > 
> > TELCO ----DSL---> MAGIC-DEVICE ---DS-1--> DS1 equipment
> > 
> > The magic device was actually at his house.
> 
> That magic device would be a... switch!  I can show you how to do the
> same with Frame Relay, ATM of any flavor, Ethernet at 10/100/1000 mbps,
> Token Ring at 4 and 16 mbps, FDDI, CDDI, and just about anything else
> you'd care to name, all in the same chassis.

Nope, not in the case cited.  It's become very popular for a local
exchange carrier to provision a T-1 service (e.g, the framing, etc.)
by using HDSL loop technology because it required fewer repeaters,
is less demanding on binder group selection, and coexists with more
services in a cable binder group than a normal T-1 does.  I have
just such a device screwed to the wall in my house, with an 2-pair
HDSL connection coming in one end, and a T-1 signal coming out the
other that plugs into a Cisco 2524 with built in CSU/DSU.

> Repeat after me: DSL is ATM over copper wire.  Nothing more, nothing
> less, nothing magic.

Yes, commonly ADSL services are provisioned simply to do ATM cell 
transport.  Many SDSL services are provisioned to carry Frame Relay
packets, rather than cells; if it's a Copper Mountain DSLAM, you
can depend on it.

louie




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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 21:55:50 2000
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Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 10:36:16 +0530 (IST)
From: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: Thierry Herbelot <herbelot@cybercable.fr>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.org
Subject: Re: sendmail hangs while booting...
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HI,

Thanks for the reply. Please see my comments below:

On Tue, 2 May 2000, Thierry Herbelot wrote:

> "G.B.Naidu" wrote:
> > Some times the sendmail daemon hangs while booting. The kernel files that
> > I have changed are: if_ethersubr.c, ip_output.c, rtsock.c
> 
> Generally, sendmail is a bit slow to boot, as it tries to resolve the
> hostname of your machine via dns : if your hostname is not declared in a
> DNS, sendmail has to wait the timeout duration before finishing its
> startup.

What I would like to know is: During it's initilization, does sendmail
sends/receive some packets? If there are any bugs in the code that I have
changed(in the files mentioned above), does they affect sendmail?

thanks
--gb



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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 22:39:45 2000
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Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 11:20:09 +0530 (IST)
From: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: How to take a dump...
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HI,

I need to take a dump of my kernel whenm it panics. How do I enable this?
Do I need to add "swap on <swap device>" in the configuration file? what
else do I need to do?


thanks
--gb




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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 23:13:54 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 23:12:29 -0700
From: Jan Koum <jkb@ethereal.net>
To: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How to take a dump...
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this really belongs on -questions, but.. in /etc/rc.conf you put:
dumpdev="/dev/ad0s1b"
or /dev/da0s1b or whatever your swap partition is.

swapon (not "swap on") is for setting up swap. you probably want dumpon.
if you have dumpon alread enabled, try this and check the output:

$ sysctl kern.dumpdev
no dumpon turned on -> kern.dumpdev: { major = 255, minor = -65281 }
dumpon turned on -> kern.dumpdev: { major = 116, minor = 131073 }

soooooo, first command you want to type is:

$ man dumpon swapon savecore


-- yan

On Wed, May 03, 2000 at 11:20:09AM +0530, "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com> wrote:
> 
> HI,
> 
> I need to take a dump of my kernel whenm it panics. How do I enable this?
> Do I need to add "swap on <swap device>" in the configuration file? what
> else do I need to do?
> 
> 
> thanks
> --gb
> 
> 
> 
> 
> To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org
> with "unsubscribe freebsd-net" in the body of the message


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From owner-freebsd-net  Tue May  2 23:24:27 2000
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Date: Tue, 2 May 2000 23:23:55 -0700
From: Jan Koum <jkb@ethereal.net>
To: Jeff Gallagher <jeffg@cs.mun.ca>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: Help with tweaking the stack and connections in 4.0
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On Tue, May 02, 2000 at 09:12:59PM -0230, Jeff Gallagher <jeffg@cs.mun.ca> wrote:
> I need a little help here with some aspects of FreeBSD (and perhaps Unix)
> that I am not real familiar with.


if you are not familiar with it, you shouldn't mess with it ;)


> I need to change the default TCP window size from 16384 to various other
> numbers. (Not on the fly of course)
> What files do I have to change and what do I have to (re)build to make such
> a change take effect?

[i never tried this sysctl change before, so i am not 100% sure it works]

$ sysctl net.inet.tcp.sendspace
$ sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.recvspace=XYZ


> I also need to increase the total number of simulatanious connections. (Open
> connections) I am trying to test some networking software and I need to
> flood the connections on the remote box and right now my FBSD box is dying
> first - says something like jess: buffer overflow.  (Humm, isn't there a DoS
> attack that does this?) Again what file(s) do I need to modify and (re)build
> to make such a change.


i bet the message you are getting is: Out of mbuf clusters - increase maxusers!

so do what it is asking you to do: increase maxusers in your kernel.
see handbook on how to build and install a custom kernel


> Is there a specific group of files that control the networking portion of
> the OS that will allow me to tweak some of the other details of the stack?


yes. look in /usr/src/sys/netinet -- what exactly do you want to change
and why?


> Does anyone off hand have any quantative data on the speed of the TCP stack
> in FreeBSD. (Url link maybe?)


not of hand. but it is one of the best around. i would like to see an url
however which talks about where freebsd is lacking right now compared to
other modern OSes.


> Sorry for the perhaps silly questions, but I am not well versed in the
> layout and distribution of the FreeBSD sources. I checked LINT to see if
> some of these were "obvious" kernel options but the only thing close was the
> ICMP bandwith limiting.


if you are on recent freebsd box, type "man loader" and look at the bottom
of the "BUILTIN ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" section there.

wanna tell us what exactly are you trying to do here and why?

-- yan


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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3  8:13:44 2000
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Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 18:10:58 +0300
From: Ruslan Ermilov <ru@freebsd.org>
To: Bill Fenner <fenner@research.att.com>
Cc: archie@whistle.com, julian@elischer.org, brian@awfulhak.org,
	cmott@scientech.com, ari@suutari.iki.fi, perhaps@yes.no,
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On Sat, Apr 29, 2000 at 10:31:19PM -0700, Bill Fenner wrote:
> 
> BTW, I have some code to translate generic IP (no port smashing) that
> handles ESP and some uses of GRE.  I needed natd to handle ESP so that
> my wife could use her VPN and I decided to just implement IP-address
> only translation.
> 
I've just committed the code for new -redirect_proto option for natd(8).
Is that basically what you were looking for (see the natd.8 manpage)?

> I haven't committed the patches yet for various stupid reasons, but
> if anyone would like to review them I'd appreciate it.
> 
Feel free to send them to me.


Cheers,
-- 
Ruslan Ermilov		Sysadmin and DBA of the
ru@ucb.crimea.ua	United Commercial Bank,
ru@FreeBSD.org		FreeBSD committer,
+380.652.247.647	Simferopol, Ukraine

http://www.FreeBSD.org	The Power To Serve
http://www.oracle.com	Enabling The Information Age


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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3  9: 4:33 2000
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Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 12:01:47 -0400 (EDT)
From: Garrett Wollman <wollman@khavrinen.lcs.mit.edu>
Message-Id: <200005031601.MAA78212@khavrinen.lcs.mit.edu>
To: Yonny Cardenas <ycardena@yahoo.com>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: RTP and BSD Kernel
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<<On Tue, 2 May 2000 13:26:55 -0700 (PDT), Yonny Cardenas <ycardena@yahoo.com> said:

> I think that is desirable a RTP implementation in kernel available
> for several applications or for better performance.

The general sense I have had from the developers of this technology is
that you absolutely do *not* want it in the kernel.  The reason is
that each individual application will have its own, unique
requirements for the RTP data stream, and that the RTP implementation
therefore needs to be tightly integrated into the application.  By
contrast, RTP itself places minimal requirements upon the lower
layers.

OTOH, what *would* potentially be useful would be an implementation of
RTP/UDP/IP header compression.

-GAWollman

--
Garrett A. Wollman   | O Siem / We are all family / O Siem / We're all the same
wollman@lcs.mit.edu  | O Siem / The fires of freedom 
Opinions not those of| Dance in the burning flame
MIT, LCS, CRS, or NSA|                     - Susan Aglukark and Chad Irschick


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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3 10: 3: 3 2000
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If outgoing packet dropped by `unreach' action in ipfw, two icmp
packets will be send: one from ip_fw.c and other from ip_forward.c.
This patch correts this behavior.

--- ip_input.c.old	Mon Mar 27 23:14:21 2000
+++ ip_input.c	Wed May  3 21:03:11 2000
@@ -1561,6 +1561,10 @@
 			return;
 		}
 	}
+	if (error == EACCES) {
+		m_freem(mcopy);
+		mcopy = NULL;
+	}
 	if (mcopy == NULL)
 		return;
 	destifp = NULL;



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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3 13:47:37 2000
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Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 13:47:21 -0700 (PDT)
From: Fabio Miranda <fmirand@yahoo.com>
Subject: Full report of network/server
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hi, please, anyone:

1. Server dmesg:
Copyright (c) 1992-1999 FreeBSD Inc.
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
	The Regents of the University of California. All
rights reserved.
FreeBSD 3.4-RELEASE #20: Tue May  2 10:40:51 COT 2000
    root@nietzsche:/usr/src/sys/compile/NIETZSCHE
Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
CPU: Pentium II/Xeon/Celeron (686-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x653  Stepping = 3
 
Features=0x183fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,FXSR>
real memory  = 134217728 (131072K bytes)
avail memory = 127598592 (124608K bytes)
Programming 24 pins in IOAPIC #0
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor motherboard
 cpu0 (BSP): apic id:  1, version: 0x00040011, at
0xfee00000
 cpu1 (AP):  apic id:  0, version: 0x00040011, at
0xfee00000
 io0 (APIC): apic id:  2, version: 0x00170011, at
0xfec00000
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc02d5000.
Pentium Pro MTRR support enabled
Probing for devices on PCI bus 0:
chip0: <Intel 82443GX host to PCI bridge> rev 0x00 on
pci0.0.0
chip1: <Intel 82443GX host to AGP bridge> rev 0x00 on
pci0.1.0
ahc0: <Adaptec aic7896/97 Ultra2 SCSI adapter> rev
0x00 int a irq 19 on pci0.12.0
ahc0: aic7896/97 Wide Channel A, SCSI Id=7, 16/255
SCBs
ahc1: <Adaptec aic7896/97 Ultra2 SCSI adapter> rev
0x00 int a irq 19 on pci0.12.1
ahc1: aic7896/97 Wide Channel B, SCSI Id=7, 16/255
SCBs
fxp0: <Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B Ethernet> rev
0x08 int a irq 21 on pci0.14.0
fxp0: Ethernet address 00:a0:c9:ac:a4:1e
chip2: <Intel 82371AB PCI to ISA bridge> rev 0x02 on
pci0.18.0
ide_pci0: <Intel PIIX4 Bus-master IDE controller> rev
0x01 on pci0.18.1
chip3: <Intel 82371AB Power management controller> rev
0x02 on pci0.18.3
vga0: <Cirrus Logic model 00bc VGA-compatible display
device> rev 0x23 on pci0.20.0
Probing for devices on PCI bus 1:
chip4: <PCI to PCI bridge (vendor=1011 device=0023)>
rev 0x06 on pci1.15.0
Probing for devices on PCI bus 2:
Probing for PnP devices:
Probing for devices on the ISA bus:
sc0 on isa
sc0: VGA color <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x0>
atkbdc0 at 0x60-0x6f on motherboard
atkbd0 irq 1 on isa
sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
sio1: type 16550A
fdc0 at 0x3f0-0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: 1.44MB 3.5in
wdc0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7 irq 14 on isa
wdc0: unit 0 (wd0): <FUJITSU MPC3084AT>
wd0: 8063MB (16514064 sectors), 16383 cyls, 16 heads,
63 S/T, 512 B/S
ppc0 at 0x378 irq 7 flags 0x40 on isa
ppc0: Generic chipset (ECP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE
mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold
lpt0: <generic printer> on ppbus 0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0: <generic parallel i/o> on ppbus 0
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus 0
ET/5025(-16,PQ),ET/HSSI HDLC Driver v3.15q
eth0 at 0x240-0x24f irq 5 on isa
vga0 at 0x3b0-0x3df maddr 0xa0000 msize 131072 on isa
npx0 on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
APIC_IO: Testing 8254 interrupt delivery
APIC_IO: routing 8254 via pin 2
Waiting 2 seconds for SCSI devices to settle
SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
changing root device to da0s1a
da0 at ahc1 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
da0: <COMPAQ MAB3045SC 0814> Fixed Direct Access
SCSI-2 device 
da0: 40.000MB/s transfers (20.000MHz, offset 31,
16bit), Tagged Queueing Enabled
da0: 4094MB (8386000 512 byte sectors: 255H 63S/T
522C)

b. cat /etc/rc.conf:
#------GATEWAY, NATD, ROUTED and FIREWALL-------
network_interfaces="lo0 fxp0"
#eth0 is "up" in rc.local
gateway_enable="YES"
firewall_enable="NO"
#firewall_type="open"
natd_enable="NO"
natd_interface="eth0"
natd_flags="-u -m -dynamic"
#router_enable="NO"
#router_flaqs=" -q -P pm_rdisc rdisc_interval=45"     


2. Eth0 information:
Please, check
http://www.etinc.com/boards.htm#ET5025_16
eth0 is a etinc et5025-16 using driver: v3.15q
4/5/2000
It's an internal routing card using cisco hdlc.

3. current network status:
a. cat /etc/rc.lcoal:
/hdlc/utils/hdlccfg /hdlc/utils/eth0.cfg eth0
/hdlc/utils/ifhdlc eth0 compress
ifconfig eth0 inet 209.88.252.106 209.88.252.105
netmask 0xfffffff8
ifconfig eth0 alias 209.88.252.113 209.88.252.105
broadcast 0xfffffff8
route add default 209.88.252.105
route add -net 209.88.252.104/29 127.0.0.1
route add -net 209.88.252.112/29 127.0.0.1            
                        
b. ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=51<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING> mtu 1500
        inet 209.88.252.106 --> 209.88.252.105 netmask
0xfffffff8
        inet 209.88.252.113 --> 255.255.255.248
netmask 0xffffff00          

c. netstat -rn
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination Gateway  Flags   Refs  Use   Netif Expire
default     209.88.252.105  UGSc    1        0    
eth0
127.0.0.1   127.0.0.1       UH      2      249     
lo0
193.150.24  link#1          UC      0        0    
fxp0
193.150.24.4 0:0:21:d2:67:8d UHLW   2      355    
fxp0    661
209.88.252.104/29 127.0.0.1  UGSc   0        0     
lo0
209.88.252.105 209.88.252.106 UH    2        0    
eth0
209.88.252.112/29  127.0.0.1  UGSc  0        0     
lo0
255.255.255.248  209.88.252.113 UH  0        0    
eth0 

d. ISP network information "given":
ISP network (between me and them): 209.88.252.104
router (the other end in PTP): 209.88.252.105
netmask: 255.255.255.248

My network: 209.88.252.112
My ip's: 209.88.252.113/118
My netmask: 255.255.255.248

e. Problems:
1. i can access the internet, but no one can access
me. the two IP's that "allow" me, 209.88.252.105(104
subnet) and 209.88.252.113(112 subnet) cant be
acceded.

2. if i run a program, like bitchx, an irc client, the
server reboots, i think it tries to resolve the local
name or something like that. the msg showed before
rebooting is:
Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
mp-lock=00000002; cpuid=0; lapic.id=01000000
Fatal virtual address = 0x0
Fault code = supervisor write, page not present
Instruction pointer = 0x8:0xc01d9ee9
Stack pointer= 0x10:0xff804d6c


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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3 19:22:31 2000
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Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 19:20:53 -0700 (PDT)
From: Julian Elischer <julian@elischer.org>
To: ycardena@yahoo.com
Cc: freebsd-net@freebsd.org, Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
Subject: Re: RTP and BSD Kernel
In-Reply-To: <390F33BA.4264A1D1@uniandes.edu.co>
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"net" was a good choice to mail to , but you might also consider the
multimedia mailinglist.


Julian


On Tue, 2 May 2000, Yonny Cardenas wrote:

> Hi 
> 
> I am looking the support to real time data (audio or Internet telephony)
> on
> 4.4BSD (FreeBSD) maybe incorporated into the kernel.
> 
> I have been looking RTP (A Transport Protocol for Real Time
> Applications-RFC1889-
> http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp), is used to send data in one
> direction with no acknowledgment, this protocol is supported in the
> applications, these are coded to add and recognize a new 12 byte header
> of RTP in each UDP datagram.
> 
> I think that is desirable a RTP implementation in kernel available for
> several applications or for better performance.
> 
> This implementation could be following the principles of Netgraph, it is
> to say encapsulating RTP how a Netgraph node or nodes into the BSD
> kernel.
> 
> This implementation have sense?  
> 
> It is not clear what exactly one would implement in the kernel.
> 
> Thanks for your opinions and comments.
>  
> +------------------------------------------------------------------+
> | YONNY CARDENAS B.             Apartado Aereo  22828	      	   |
> | Systems Engineer    		Santafe de Bogota D.C.   	   |
> |				Colombia - South America	   |	
> | Student M.Sc.		     	Tels:   +571 2929451 +571 2929493  | 
> | UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES     	mailto:	y-carden@uniandes.edu.co   | 
> |                                	ycardena@computer.org 	   |
> |				ICQ #: 	46933750           	   |
> +------------------------------------------------------------------+
> UNIX is BSD, and FreeBSD is an advanced 4.4BSD
> 



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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3 19:57:41 2000
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2000 15:18:30 -0400
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	freebsd-net@freebsd.org, elen@ocsny.com
Subject: Re: How do I login as root using telnet?
References: <20000430194946.A92146@cichlids.cichlids.com>
		<8782.957189096@verdi.nethelp.no>
		<20000501170527.A8375@cichlids.cichlids.com> <E12mHuP-00021q-00@roam.psg.com>
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why reinvent the wheel...that's what windows is for...

Randy Bush wrote:

> > b) we spoke about telnet from boxes, where ssh is not installed
>
> do we wish to design for the foolish and soon to be dead?
>
> randy
>
> To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org
> with "unsubscribe freebsd-net" in the body of the message

--
Cheers,
Mikel
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3 19:57:47 2000
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man pw



"G.B.Naidu" wrote:

> HI,
>
> I want to change the group of an existing user. How do I do this?
>
> If I want to add a particular user to additional groups, how do I do?
>
> thanks
> --gb
>
> To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org
> with "unsubscribe freebsd-net" in the body of the message

--
Cheers,
Mikel
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
| Optimized Computer Solutions, Inc        http://www.ocsny.com
| 39 W14th Street, Suite 203                   212 727 2238  x132
| New York, NY 10011
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
|  Labor rates:      Tech                  $125 hourly
|                          Net Engineer      $150 hourly
|                          Phone Support   $ 33 quarter hourly
|                          Lost Password   $ 45 per incedent
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
| http://www.ocsny.com/~mikel
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+


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From owner-freebsd-net  Wed May  3 23:10:33 2000
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From: "G.B.Naidu" <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: jkb@ethereal.net
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: how do I save crash dumps... (fwd)
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Hi,

I am sorry to post this question on this list. I know that this should go
on to -questions list. I have posted it there but no body replied. Please
read the following forwarded mail. I dont know why I am not able to save
the core. Am I missing something?

Please let me know soon

regards
--gb


---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 3 May 2000 14:54:46 +0530 (IST)
From: G.B.Naidu <gbnaidu@sasi.com>
To: freebsd-questions@Freebsd.ORG
Subject: how do I save crash dumps...


Hi,

While booting on certain kernel, my system panics. So I enabled crash
dumps. I went through the mailing list archives and did as follows to
enable saving crash dumps:

In /etc/rc.conf file, I have added 2 lines like these:

dumpdev="/dev/wd0s1b"
savecore=YES

I made sure that dumping is enabled using the command: sysctl kern.dumpdev
Thre output of the command is as follows:

kern.dumpdev: { major = 0, minor = 131073 }

When it paniced, it dumped something and said it succeded.

But when I booted on a different good kernel, there is a line on the
screen saying: checking for coredump ... savecore: no core dump

Am I missing something here? At panic, it dumped successfully. But why it
says no core dump found? Can somebody please explain this.


thanks for the help
--gb








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From owner-freebsd-net  Thu May  4 11: 0:52 2000
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2000 19:37:58 +0200
From: Thierry Herbelot <herbelot@cybercable.fr>
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Subject: Re: sendmail hangs while booting...
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"G.B.Naidu" wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I have posted a questoin earleir regarding a panic while booting. I didnt
> get any response.
> 
> While still struggling to boot, I am getting some more strange problems.
> Some times the sendmail daemon hangs while booting. The kernel files that
> I have changed are: if_ethersubr.c, ip_output.c, rtsock.c

Generally, sendmail is a bit slow to boot, as it tries to resolve the
hostname of your machine via dns : if your hostname is not declared in a
DNS, sendmail has to wait the timeout duration before finishing its
startup.


-- 
Thierry Herbelot                        ASCII RIBBON CAMPAIGN   /"\
Dir. technique LUCCAS                  AGAINST HTML MAIL & NEWS \ /
tout le cable sur  http://www.luccas.org      PAS DE HTML DANS   X 
un CV :  http://perso.cybercable.fr/herbelot    LES COURRIELS   / \


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From owner-freebsd-net  Thu May  4 19:32:59 2000
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Hello everyone.. ok, I'm in need of a little help... and I'm sending =
this to two mailing lists becuase I really don't know which would be the =
best one..

 The Problem is, I have a 3.4 gateway box running, and everything works =
like a charm, except web, for web to work, I have to use a proxy and at =
the moment, I'm running tinyproxy which isn't great.. now isn't there a =
way to have a gateway machine with-out using a proxy???

Jordan Blanchard
cybernetik@sympatico.ca

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</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#fffff0>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hello everyone.. ok, I'm in need of a =
little=20
help... and I'm sending this to two mailing lists becuase I really don't =
know=20
which would be the best one..</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;The Problem is, I have a 3.4 =
gateway box=20
running, and everything works like a charm, except web, for web to work, =
I have=20
to use a proxy and at the moment, I'm running tinyproxy which isn't =
great.. now=20
isn't there a way to have a gateway machine with-out using a=20
proxy???</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Jordan Blanchard</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>cybernetik@sympatico.ca</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5  1: 7:24 2000
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To: Jordan Blanchard <cybernetik@sympatico.ca>
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Cc: freebsd-config@FreeBSD.ORG, FREEBSD-NET@FreeBSD.ORG
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On 05-May-2000 Jordan Blanchard wrote:
> Hello everyone.. ok, I'm in need of a little help... and I'm sending this to
> two mailing lists becuase I really don't know which would be the best one..
> 
>  The Problem is, I have a 3.4 gateway box running, and everything works like
> a charm, except web, for web to work, I have to use a proxy and at the
> moment, I'm running tinyproxy which isn't great.. now isn't there a way to
> have a gateway machine with-out using a proxy???

1. Try to use natd
2. Try to use better proxy, for example mod_proxy for apache 
   or nice old CERN httpd.

-- 
Dmitry Samersoff, dms@wplus.net, ICQ:3161705
http://devnull.wplus.net
* There will come soft rains ...


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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5  3:46: 6 2000
Delivered-To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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Date: Fri, 5 May 2000 12:44:31 +0200 (CEST)
From: Remy Nonnenmacher <remy@boostworks.com>
Reply-To: remy@boostworks.com
Subject: Re: ether matching in ipfw??
To: archie@whistle.com
Cc: rwatson@FreeBSD.ORG, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
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On  2 May, Archie Cobbs wrote:
> Robert Watson writes:
>> One advantage to a BPF-like approach would be that you could imagine a
>> BPF->native code compiler, instead of a BPF execution vm in kernel, giving
>> performance close to ipfw, if not better, when optimized.  These custom
>> filtering modules built from userland rulesets could also be inserted
>> into the graph as needed.
> 
> See also..
> 
>   http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/~engler/dpf.html
> 

This worth a reading. There is a possiblity to use it as an internal
switching engine to determine processing path. In this context, all
ipfw activities may be seen as added rules to a standard ruleset. The
interest of merging rules is that the switching code become a directly
executable one. Also, this may nicely merge the netgraph system and the
standard BSD networking one (DPF as the central hooking system for the
whole thing, like netgraph provides for netgraph's nodes).

RN.
IhM




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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5  6:28:15 2000
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From: Jens Trzaska <j_trzaska@gmx.net>
To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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Subject: How to run ftpd as daemon?
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HI,

I want to use ftpd as daemon instead of running it from inetd.
On FreeBSD 3.4 it worked fine. On FreeBSD 4stable I get
the following error:

 ftpd[...]: control socket: protocol not supported

I tried it on two different systems. Do I have to make some
changes before compiling ftpd? Any ideas?

Best regards,
    Jens




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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5  6:43:10 2000
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Date: Fri, 5 May 2000 23:42:38 +1000 (YAKST)
From: Maxim Konovalov <maxim@amur.cbr.ru>
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To: Jens Trzaska <j_trzaska@gmx.net>
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject: Re: How to run ftpd as daemon?
In-Reply-To: <26411.957533290@www6.gmx.net>
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> HI,
> 
> I want to use ftpd as daemon instead of running it from inetd.
> On FreeBSD 3.4 it worked fine. On FreeBSD 4stable I get
> the following error:
> 
>  ftpd[...]: control socket: protocol not supported

/usr/libexec/ftpd -D -4 

works for me.
 
> I tried it on two different systems. Do I have to make some
> changes before compiling ftpd? Any ideas?
> 
> Best regards,
>     Jens
> 

Maxim Konovalov




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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5 12:51: 8 2000
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Does anyone know of a freeware/share implementation of ATM LAN Emulation
that will run under FreeBSD?

Thanks,

Bernie


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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5 14:42:48 2000
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From: Joe Greco <jgreco@ns.sol.net>
Message-Id: <200005110028.TAA33919@aurora.sol.net>
Subject: Any known problems with routing in 3.4R?
To: stable@freebsd.org
Date: Wed, 10 May 2000 19:28:40 -0500 (CDT)
Cc: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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I've set up a FreeBSD 3.4R box to do BGP.  It takes full routes off an ATM
OC3 (hea0 set up as atm1) and routes packets between that and the 100mbps
Ethernet port.

I'm getting periodic (every few days) crashes.  I recently started recording
the console output, and the last crash was due to a panic

Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
fault virtual address   = 0x8
fault code              = supervisor read, page not present
instruction pointer     = 0x8:0xc0166566
stack pointer           = 0x10:0xcc853d94
frame pointer           = 0x10:0xcc853d98
code segment            = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
                        = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
processor eflags        = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
current process         = 39365 (gated)
interrupt mask          = 
trap number             = 12
panic: page fault

I've never been terribly good at deciphering these.  Is there any
hidden meaning here?  I used to know how to get it to tell me whereabouts
this was happening, back in the 2.* days, but memory fades..

Any hints as to what I can do to debug?  Are there any known problems with
handling large numbers of routes?
-- 
... Joe

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Greco - Systems Administrator			      jgreco@ns.sol.net
Solaria Public Access UNIX - Milwaukee, WI			   414/342-4847


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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5 17:41:55 2000
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From: "Rodney W. Grimes" <freebsd@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net>
Message-Id: <200005060040.RAA15679@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net>
Subject: Re: Any known problems with routing in 3.4R?
In-Reply-To: <200005110028.TAA33919@aurora.sol.net> from Joe Greco at "May 10, 2000 07:28:40 pm"
To: jgreco@ns.sol.net (Joe Greco)
Date: Fri, 5 May 2000 17:40:15 -0700 (PDT)
Cc: stable@FreeBSD.ORG, freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
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> I've set up a FreeBSD 3.4R box to do BGP.  It takes full routes off an ATM
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Upgrade to 3.4-Stable, the reference count of your network interface
is wrapping past the 16 bit limit of a short and probably the cause
of your panic.

> OC3 (hea0 set up as atm1) and routes packets between that and the 100mbps
> Ethernet port.

Also I hope you have tweaked up your KVM space, full routes take a fair
bit of kernel virtual memory space to hold.  I usually run with 48M of kvm,
some times 64M on full feed BGP boxes, I can say it does work fine on
3.4-stable, and that I had nothing but regular panics on 3.4-Release and
for a long time after that:

br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com# uname -a
FreeBSD br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com 3.4-STABLE FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE #0: Mon Jan  3 02:40:43 PST 2000     root@br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com:/usr/src/sys/compile/BR1  i386
br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com# netstat -rn | wc
   77695  468055 5444199

> I'm getting periodic (every few days) crashes.  I recently started recording
> the console output, and the last crash was due to a panic

Yepp.. that sure sounds like the 3.4R if reference counter problem, usually
right after a big flash update from one of your BGP peers.



-- 
Rod Grimes - KD7CAX @ CN85sl - (RWG25)               rgrimes@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net


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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5 19:13:21 2000
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Date: Fri, 05 May 2000 22:10:09 -0400
To: Joe Greco <jgreco@ns.sol.net>, stable@FreeBSD.ORG
From: Mike Tancsa <mike@sentex.net>
Subject: Re: Any known problems with routing in 3.4R?
Cc: freebsd-net@FreeBSD.ORG
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At 07:28 PM 5/10/2000 -0500, Joe Greco wrote:
>I've set up a FreeBSD 3.4R box to do BGP.  It takes full routes off an ATM
>OC3 (hea0 set up as atm1) and routes packets between that and the 100mbps
>Ethernet port.

As someone pointed out, you need something a little more recent to correct 
the 16bit reference count limit.  But beyond that, the two boxes for us 
perform like a champs regularly pushing out peaks of 18Mb/s with two views 
and gated.

hespler-border% uptime
10:07PM  up 139 days, 11:28, 4 users, load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
hespler-border% uname -a
FreeBSD hespler-border.sentex.ca 3.3-RC FreeBSD 3.3-RC #0: Wed Sep  8 
13:37:19 EDT 
1999     mdtancsa@slag2a.sentex.ca:/usr/src/sys/compile/border  i386
hespler-border% netstat -nr | wc
    77858  469034 5455641
hespler-border%

As the other poster pointed out as well, watch your memory.  You can tweak 
your KVM space, but I like to add at least 192MB of RAM to give some 
room.  My upstreams have been pretty good about not having their routers 
blast crap at me, but I have seen situations where they sent me 90K+ worth 
of routes that blew my old router away.

Memory statistics by type                          Type  Kern
         Type  InUse MemUse HighUse  Limit Requests Limit Limit Size(s)
    routetbl160873 21997K  25351K 42754K 14193850    0     0  16,32,64,128,256


         ---Mike



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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5 21: 1:30 2000
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From: Joe Greco <jgreco@ns.sol.net>
Message-Id: <200005110724.CAA60699@aurora.sol.net>
Subject: Re: Any known problems with routing in 3.4R?
In-Reply-To: <200005060040.RAA15679@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net> from "Rodney W. Grimes" at "May 5, 2000  5:40:15 pm"
To: freebsd@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net (Rodney W. Grimes)
Date: Thu, 11 May 2000 02:24:36 -0500 (CDT)
Cc: stable@freebsd.org, freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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> > I've set up a FreeBSD 3.4R box to do BGP.  It takes full routes off an ATM
>                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> 
> Upgrade to 3.4-Stable, the reference count of your network interface
> is wrapping past the 16 bit limit of a short and probably the cause
> of your panic.

Bleah.  Fixed in 4.0R?  I don't like running non-releases on production
equipment, too hard to rebuild in a crisis situation.

> > OC3 (hea0 set up as atm1) and routes packets between that and the 100mbps
> > Ethernet port.
> 
> Also I hope you have tweaked up your KVM space, full routes take a fair
> bit of kernel virtual memory space to hold.  I usually run with 48M of kvm,
> some times 64M on full feed BGP boxes, I can say it does work fine on
> 3.4-stable, and that I had nothing but regular panics on 3.4-Release and
> for a long time after that:

# netstat -rn|wc -l
   79515
# vmstat -m|grep route
     routetbl164144 22452K  22458K 40960K   257974    0     0  16,32,64,128,256
# netstat 1
            input        (Total)           output
   packets  errs      bytes    packets  errs      bytes colls
      3193     0    2969682       3226     0    2972594     0
      1757     0    1565083       1742     0    1574289     0
      2813     0    2545343       2851     0    2552411     0
      2773     0    2559062       2740     0    2566358     0
      3145     0    2842005       3215     0    2849997     0
      3760     0    3326589       3742     0    3335934     0
      2403     0    2242247       2382     0    2249117     0
      4860     0    4499148       4897     0    4512972     0

I'm sorry but I wasn't going to run with something like 48M of kvm when
the default it was giving me was 40 and I was running out (since the limit
is half of kvm).  I don't really need the case where some misconfigured
peer decides to hand me ten thousand internal routes or something stupid
like that, and the GRF handles up to 150,000 (in theory) - so a FreeBSD
router should probably be able to cope with that too.

So as you can see, I set 80M for kvm.  This also leaves sufficient space
for other stuff.

> br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com# uname -a
> FreeBSD br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com 3.4-STABLE FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE #0: Mon Jan  3 02:40:43 PST 2000     root@br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com:/usr/src/sys/compile/BR1  i386
> br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com# netstat -rn | wc
>    77695  468055 5444199
> 
> > I'm getting periodic (every few days) crashes.  I recently started recording
> > the console output, and the last crash was due to a panic
> 
> Yepp.. that sure sounds like the 3.4R if reference counter problem, usually
> right after a big flash update from one of your BGP peers.

Well, bearing in mind that on OC3c you get a full table in a matter of
seconds (it's fun because I can watch gated eat the CPU), what I was seeing
was more like it'd freak five to ten minutes after a route table reload.  I 
would kill and restart gated, with the chances apparently being 50/50ish as
to whether or not I'd lose it as described.  

Now, the thing is, the system would generally be quiescent from a routing
update POV.  While I do maintain a large number of internal OSPF routes, 
they do not tend to flap, and inspection of the other side did not indicate 
any change coming from BGP.  I do not propagate external routes into OSPF
or anything fancy (I'd kill most of my boxes if I did) and just run a
default-with-some-preferred-routes type thing.

I also got one other crash that simply said "panic: rtfree" and it went,
so I'm really not sure exactly what is going on.

Overall, I'm pleased with the performance of FreeBSD in this application.
The machine it is now on is a K6/233, and seems to perform respectably.  I
do not know if I'd want to push full OC3 data rates over it, but there's
always the K6-III/400 :-)

Which reminds me, Rod, I'm finally phasing out those PCI/I-SP3G boards you
sold me.  Great investment, but what with me being able to pick up T2P4's
and AMD K6/233's for a song, it's time to move on.  But I can't complain
about boards which ran very well for five years.  Thanks.
-- 
... Joe

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Greco - Systems Administrator			      jgreco@ns.sol.net
Solaria Public Access UNIX - Milwaukee, WI			   414/342-4847


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From owner-freebsd-net  Fri May  5 23:41:57 2000
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From: "Rodney W. Grimes" <freebsd@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net>
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Subject: Re: Any known problems with routing in 3.4R?
In-Reply-To: <200005110724.CAA60699@aurora.sol.net> from Joe Greco at "May 11, 2000 02:24:36 am"
To: jgreco@ns.sol.net (Joe Greco)
Date: Fri, 5 May 2000 23:40:17 -0700 (PDT)
Cc: stable@freebsd.org, freebsd-net@freebsd.org
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> > > I've set up a FreeBSD 3.4R box to do BGP.  It takes full routes off an ATM
> >                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> > 
> > Upgrade to 3.4-Stable, the reference count of your network interface
> > is wrapping past the 16 bit limit of a short and probably the cause
> > of your panic.
> 
> Bleah.  Fixed in 4.0R?  I don't like running non-releases on production
> equipment, too hard to rebuild in a crisis situation.

Yes, fixed in 4.0R, though some other rough edges exists there and I
could not deploy that on our AS until about 5 weeks ago.  (The 3.4 output
I showed you was from about the last router we have running on 3.x, most
of the others are on 4.0-stable, here is the brother to the earlier
output:  (These aren't quite OC-3, they are peered upstream at 100BaseTX,
peered to each other and internal routers over dual 100BaseTX.)

br2.CN85pm.abtltd.com:rgrimes {59}% uname -a
FreeBSD br2.CN85pm.abtltd.com 4.0-STABLE FreeBSD 4.0-STABLE #1: Sat Mar 18 07:49:48 PST 2000     root@br2.CN85pm.abtltd.com:/usr/src/sys/compile/BR2  i386
br2.CN85pm.abtltd.com:rgrimes {60}% netstat -rn | wc
   77759  312930 4205246
br2.CN85pm.abtltd.com:rgrimes {61}% vmstat -m | grep route
     routetbl160654 21962K  22898K 32768K  7151686    0     0  16,32,64,128,256

...
> 
> I'm sorry but I wasn't going to run with something like 48M of kvm when
> the default it was giving me was 40 and I was running out (since the limit
> is half of kvm).  I don't really need the case where some misconfigured
> peer decides to hand me ten thousand internal routes or something stupid
> like that, and the GRF handles up to 150,000 (in theory) - so a FreeBSD
> router should probably be able to cope with that too.

GRF's are after all just a BSD box running a hacked gated :-).  You'll need
to shove kvm up pretty high, but the best way to protect yourself from
missconfigured peers is to route filter carefully.   I have been wanting
to migrate to zebra due to it's superiour configurability in this area,
but the stability of ospf has just never been there, though it is looking
good right now.  (I run zebra on a few test boxes in the lab.)

> So as you can see, I set 80M for kvm.  This also leaves sufficient space
> for other stuff.

Yea... well, be carefull your wasting memory on kernel page table pages
which are wired in pages that can't be used for anything else.

> > br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com# uname -a
> > FreeBSD br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com 3.4-STABLE FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE #0: Mon Jan  3 02:40:43 PST 2000     root@br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com:/usr/src/sys/compile/BR1  i386
> > br1.CN85pm.abtltd.com# netstat -rn | wc
> >    77695  468055 5444199
> > 
> > > I'm getting periodic (every few days) crashes.  I recently started recording
> > > the console output, and the last crash was due to a panic
> > 
> > Yepp.. that sure sounds like the 3.4R if reference counter problem, usually
> > right after a big flash update from one of your BGP peers.
> 
> Well, bearing in mind that on OC3c you get a full table in a matter of
> seconds (it's fun because I can watch gated eat the CPU), what I was seeing
> was more like it'd freak five to ten minutes after a route table reload.  I 
> would kill and restart gated, with the chances apparently being 50/50ish as
> to whether or not I'd lose it as described.  

Killing gated is one of the things that can trip the 16 bit if ref count
bug.  As gated tries to remove the routes from the kernel the ref counter
makes the fatal 1 to 0 transition when infact it should be 65537 to 65536.
> 
> Now, the thing is, the system would generally be quiescent from a routing
> update POV.  While I do maintain a large number of internal OSPF routes, 
> they do not tend to flap, and inspection of the other side did not indicate 
> any change coming from BGP.  I do not propagate external routes into OSPF
> or anything fancy (I'd kill most of my boxes if I did) and just run a
> default-with-some-preferred-routes type thing.

OSPF churn can also trigger this, though we found that to be rare, most
often it was either a gated restart, an upstream doing a big flash update,
or loss of an iBGP peer causing an internal flap.  We also do not export
BGP into OSPF, but instead make generous use of gated generate statements
to create internal OSPF default routes (yes, routes, as in 1 default per
upstream peer)  the OSPF routes get propogated AS wide and all boarder
routers are fully iBGP meshed so they all know the shortest way out, we
let the internal stuff use OSPF to get it to the closest boarder router
which then deals with iBGP to decide where to exit the AS.  Works pretty
well, had to tweak a few things to get it balanced, but working like a
champ for almost a year now.

> 
> I also got one other crash that simply said "panic: rtfree" and it went,
> so I'm really not sure exactly what is going on.

Thats IT!!  Yep, ref count when through 0 in the downward direction :-(.

> Overall, I'm pleased with the performance of FreeBSD in this application.
> The machine it is now on is a K6/233, and seems to perform respectably.  I
> do not know if I'd want to push full OC3 data rates over it, but there's
> always the K6-III/400 :-)

Don't bother with the K6-III, go to the K6-2-550, the 100MHz bus is what
you really need, the K6-III is not reliable due to heat problems and
being extreamly picky about the regulation of the core voltage.

> Which reminds me, Rod, I'm finally phasing out those PCI/I-SP3G boards you
> sold me.  Great investment, but what with me being able to pick up T2P4's
> and AMD K6/233's for a song, it's time to move on. 

Ahhh... I still have a stack of T2P4's I am running on here, there are
some ap notes (or should I call them mods) out there that allow you to
run a K6-2-400 in them.   The rev 3.10 boards is as simple as setting
2 jumpers on the regulator section (ASUS built one hell of a regulator
on that 3.10 board, it can actually do 1.8 to 3.4 volts, and can deliver
more current than you would need for a K6-550).  To drive the K6-2 above 400
requires that you solder a wire on the back of the CPU socket for the
high order multiplier bit.

You don't get the 100Mhz bus, but some folks have run them at 83Mhz.

I could use a good supply of 233Mhz K6 chips... :-)  Got lots of older
boards around here that I don't have chips for, well, other than the
barell of P75's :-)  Maybe we can work out a deal ??

> But I can't complain
> about boards which ran very well for five years.  Thanks.

Your welcome!


-- 
Rod Grimes - KD7CAX @ CN85sl - (RWG25)               rgrimes@gndrsh.dnsmgr.net


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sat May  6  2:33: 3 2000
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From: Bernie Doehner <bad@wireless.net>
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Subject: ATM Lan Emulation Services that will run under FreeBSD?
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Does anyone know if there is a freeware/shareware implementation of Lan Emulation Services (LANE)
for ATM that will run under FreeBSD?

Thanks..

Bernie



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From owner-freebsd-net  Sat May  6  2:33: 5 2000
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Date: Fri, 5 May 2000 08:56:55 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernie Doehner <bad@wireless.net>
To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: Any freeware/shareware implementations of ATM Lan Emulation Services for FreeBSD/ATM?
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Does anyone know if there is a freeware/shareware implementation of Lan Emulation Services (LANE)
that will run under FreeBSD?


Thanks..

Bernie





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From owner-freebsd-net  Sat May  6  8:26:35 2000
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From: Chris Costello <chris@calldei.com>
Subject: Re: how do I save crash dumps... (fwd)
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On Thursday, May 04, 2000, G.B.Naidu wrote:
> I am sorry to post this question on this list. I know that this should go
> on to -questions list. I have posted it there but no body replied. Please
> read the following forwarded mail. I dont know why I am not able to save
> the core. Am I missing something?

   See ``man savecore'' and the handbook, at
http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/.

-- 
|Chris Costello <chris@calldei.com>
|I'm sorry my Karma ran over your Dogma. 
`----------------------------------------


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sat May  6  8:29:10 2000
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From: Chris Costello <chris@calldei.com>
Subject: Re: how do I save crash dumps... (fwd)
In-reply-to: <Pine.GHP.4.10.10005041148110.23210-100000@hpd14.sasi.com>
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On Thursday, May 04, 2000, G.B.Naidu wrote:
> I am sorry to post this question on this list. I know that this should go
> on to -questions list. I have posted it there but no body replied. Please
> read the following forwarded mail. I dont know why I am not able to save
> the core. Am I missing something?

   Oops, more specifically:

> I made sure that dumping is enabled using the command: sysctl kern.dumpdev
> Thre output of the command is as follows:
> 
> kern.dumpdev: { major = 0, minor = 131073 }
> 
> When it paniced, it dumped something and said it succeded.
> 
> But when I booted on a different good kernel, there is a line on the
> screen saying: checking for coredump ... savecore: no core dump

   Are you booting all the way to multi-user mode?  You'd need to
configure kern.dumpdev via dumpon(8) if not.

-- 
|Chris Costello <chris@calldei.com>
|The cost of living hasn't affected its popularity.
`--------------------------------------------------


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From owner-freebsd-net  Sat May  6 16:22:28 2000
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From: Jan Koum <jkb@ethereal.net>
To: freebsd-net@freebsd.org
Subject: possible /etc/rc.firewall bug?
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i just noticed something. if you setup natd and ipfw, you end up with:

# ipfw -a l
00100  677369 166815520 divert 8668 ip from any to any via ed0
00100  397358  45078874 allow ip from any to any via lo0
00200       0         0 deny ip from any to 127.0.0.0/8
65000 1709011 373169093 allow ip from any to any
65535       0         0 deny ip from any to any

two rules with number 100 -- i suggest moving divert rule to 50 by changing

  ${fwcmd} add divert natd all from any to any via ${natd_interface}

to:

  ${fwcmd} add 50 divert natd all from any to any via ${natd_interface}


of course another way to do this is to remove #'s from following rules:
  ${fwcmd} add 100 pass all from any to any via lo0
  ${fwcmd} add 200 deny all from any to 127.0.0.0/8


thanks,

-- yan


p.s. - this is 4.0 box with rc.firewall:
# $FreeBSD: src/etc/rc.firewall,v 1.30 2000/02/06 19:24:37 paul Exp $


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