From owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jul 13 01:15:07 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D796737B401 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 01:15:07 -0700 (PDT) Received: from web21506.mail.yahoo.com (web21506.mail.yahoo.com [66.163.169.17]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 79BD443F75 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 01:15:07 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from radwasteus@yahoo.com) Message-ID: <20030713081507.65446.qmail@web21506.mail.yahoo.com> Received: from [203.151.8.41] by web21506.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 01:15:07 PDT Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 01:15:07 -0700 (PDT) From: manee To: freebsd-docs@freebsd.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Subject: man page: tcpdump option X-BeenThere: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Documentation project List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 08:15:08 -0000 hi sirs, apologize me if i posted to the wrong list. here is my machine bank@/tmp# uname -a FreeBSD bank.thai-aec.org 4.8-STABLE FreeBSD 4.8-STABLE #2: Sun Jun 1 18:59:28 ICT 2003 root@bank.thai-aec.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/Bank i386 bank@/tmp# i read tcpdump man page and find that the b option written in description is conflicted to synopsis. please have a look from man page below NAME tcpdump - dump traffic on a network SYNOPSIS tcpdump [ -adeflnNOpqRStuvxX ] [ -c count ] [ -C file_size ] [ -F file ] [ -i interface ] [ -m module ] [ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] [ -T type ] [ -w file ] [ -E algo:secret ] [ expression ] DESCRIPTION Tcpdump prints out the headers of packets on a network interface that match the boolean expression. It can also be run with the -w flag, which causes it to save the packet data to a file for later analysis, and/or with the -b flag, which causes it to read from a saved packet file rather than to read packets from a network interface. bank@/tmp# i try -b file and got error but -r file give me a good result. ===== มานี http://www.thai-aec.org __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? SBC Yahoo! DSL - Now only $29.95 per month! http://sbc.yahoo.com From owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jul 13 05:33:30 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@hub.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0AEC437B401 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:33:30 -0700 (PDT) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (freefall.freebsd.org [216.136.204.21]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9674343F3F for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:33:29 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from www@FreeBSD.org) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (www@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.12.9/8.12.9) with ESMTP id h6DCXTUp061712 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:33:29 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from www@freefall.freebsd.org) Received: (from www@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.12.9/8.12.9/Submit) id h6DCXTQd061711 for freebsd-doc; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:33:29 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:33:29 -0700 (PDT) From: WWW pseudo-user Message-Id: <200307131233.h6DCXTQd061711@freefall.freebsd.org> To: freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org Subject: FreeBSD web build failed on freefall.freebsd.org X-BeenThere: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Documentation project List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 12:33:30 -0000 /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml projects.html /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' updater.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects > updater.html || (/bin/rm -f updater.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml updater.html /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' newbies.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects > newbies.html || (/bin/rm -f newbies.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml newbies.html /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' libh.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects > libh.html || (/bin/rm -f libh.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml libh.html /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' cvsweb.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects > cvsweb.html || (/bin/rm -f cvsweb.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml cvsweb.html ===> projects/busdma /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' index.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects/busdma > index.html || (/bin/rm -f index.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml index.html *** Error code 1 (ignored) ===> projects/c99 /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' index.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects/c99 > index.html || (/bin/rm -f index.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml index.html *** Error code 1 (ignored) ===> projects/mips /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' index.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/projects/mips > index.html || (/bin/rm -f index.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml index.html *** Error code 1 (ignored) ===> prstats /usr/bin/sed -e 's///' index.sgml | /usr/bin/env SGML_CATALOG_FILES= /usr/local/bin/sgmlnorm -d -c /usr/local/share/sgml/html/catalog -D /c/www/build/www/en/prstats > index.html || (/bin/rm -f index.html && false) /usr/local/bin/tidy -i -m -raw -preserve -f /dev/null -asxml index.html ===> prstats/../../tools/prstats ./go.tcl /c/gnats couldn't open "/c/gnats/spam/20030713052319.44670.in": no such file or directory while executing "open $fn" (procedure "PR" line 5) invoked from within "PR $pr" ("foreach" body line 2) invoked from within "foreach pr [glob $gnatsdir] { PR $pr } " (file "./go.tcl" line 45) *** Error code 1 Stop in /c/www/build/www/tools/prstats. *** Error code 1 Stop in /c/www/build/www/en/prstats. *** Error code 1 (ignored) *** Error code 1 Stop in /c/www/build/www/en. 608.36 real 340.87 user 9.72 sys From owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jul 13 05:42:53 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D465E37B401; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:42:53 -0700 (PDT) Received: from shrike.submonkey.net (pc1-cdif2-5-cust38.cdif.cable.ntl.com [81.101.150.38]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1235343FA3; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 05:42:53 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from setantae@submonkey.net) Received: from setantae by shrike.submonkey.net with local (Exim 4.20) id 19bgBo-000P2Q-5g; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 13:42:52 +0100 Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 13:42:52 +0100 From: Ceri Davies To: WWW pseudo-user Message-ID: <20030713124252.GA83432@submonkey.net> Mail-Followup-To: Ceri Davies , WWW pseudo-user , freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org References: <200307131233.h6DCXTQd061711@freefall.freebsd.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="WIyZ46R2i8wDzkSu" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <200307131233.h6DCXTQd061711@freefall.freebsd.org> User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.4i Sender: Ceri Davies cc: freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: FreeBSD web build failed on freefall.freebsd.org X-BeenThere: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Documentation project List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 12:42:54 -0000 --WIyZ46R2i8wDzkSu Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Sun, Jul 13, 2003 at 05:33:29AM -0700, WWW pseudo-user wrote: > =3D=3D=3D> prstats/../../tools/prstats > ./go.tcl /c/gnats > couldn't open "/c/gnats/spam/20030713052319.44670.in": no such file or di= rectory > while executing > "open $fn" > (procedure "PR" line 5) > invoked from within > "PR $pr" > ("foreach" body line 2) > invoked from within > "foreach pr [glob $gnatsdir] { > PR $pr > } > " > (file "./go.tcl" line 45) > *** Error code 1 >=20 > Stop in /c/www/build/www/tools/prstats. > *** Error code 1 >=20 > Stop in /c/www/build/www/en/prstats. > *** Error code 1 (ignored) > *** Error code 1 >=20 > Stop in /c/www/build/www/en. > 608.36 real 340.87 user 9.72 sys Grr, my fault again. I posted a diff to go.tcl a while ago that will fix this, but I want a review: http://people.freebsd.org/~ceri/go.tcl.diff Anyone? Ceri --=20 User: DO YOU ACCEPT JESUS CHRIST AS YOUR PERSONAL LORD AND SAVIOR? Iniaes: Sure, I can accept all forms of payment. -- www.chatterboxchallenge.com --WIyZ46R2i8wDzkSu Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.2.2 (FreeBSD) iD8DBQE/EVPLocfcwTS3JF8RAvwgAKCIPN5+mannIFxwoooqY1qOhbvPkwCfW8CD KqKdsO3geX9LBpbnBxlzTKU= =5zdA -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --WIyZ46R2i8wDzkSu-- From owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jul 13 14:29:33 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1D9C37B401; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 14:29:33 -0700 (PDT) Received: from hotmail.com (law14-f89.law14.hotmail.com [64.4.21.89]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EFE1B43F85; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 14:29:32 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from otterr77@hotmail.com) Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 14:29:32 -0700 Received: from 66.93.49.241 by lw14fd.law14.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:29:31 GMT X-Originating-IP: [66.93.49.241] X-Originating-Email: [otterr77@hotmail.com] From: "Otterro Del Agua" To: questions@freebsd.org, hackers@freebsd.org, advocacy@freebsd.org, doc@freebsd.org, chat@freebsd.org Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 17:29:31 -0400 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 13 Jul 2003 21:29:32.0763 (UTC) FILETIME=[D9A7B2B0:01C34985] Subject: FFL License terms X-BeenThere: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Documentation project List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:29:34 -0000 Good afternoon. I was hoping to find some information here, but have been unable to find it so far. I'm in the process of completing media for release and am looking at different licensing options. I'm familiar with BSD, GPL, and even Poul-Henning Kamp's "beer-ware license". I've found reference to FFL (and even FFLv2), in honor of Bill Fumerola. Where can I find the terms of this license? I need to make sure there are no issues with compliance with other/future releases. Is this something we can expect to see the any of the "top five" using in the future? -ott _________________________________________________________________ Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963 From owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jul 13 15:20:17 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@hub.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 97DF937B404 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:20:17 -0700 (PDT) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (freefall.freebsd.org [216.136.204.21]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C82B43F93 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:20:16 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from gnats@FreeBSD.org) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (gnats@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.12.9/8.12.9) with ESMTP id h6DMKGUp019974 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:20:16 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from gnats@freefall.freebsd.org) Received: (from gnats@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.12.9/8.12.9/Submit) id h6DMKGVm019973; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:20:16 -0700 (PDT) Resent-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:20:16 -0700 (PDT) Resent-Message-Id: <200307132220.h6DMKGVm019973@freefall.freebsd.org> Resent-From: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org (GNATS Filer) Resent-To: freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org Resent-Reply-To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org, Ken Smith Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 33D0737B401 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:17:52 -0700 (PDT) Received: from zeus.cse.buffalo.edu (zeus.cse.Buffalo.EDU [128.205.32.30]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6EBC343F93 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 15:17:51 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from kensmith@cse.Buffalo.EDU) Received: from zeus.cse.buffalo.edu (localhost.cse.buffalo.edu [127.0.0.1]) h6DMGRew045684; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 18:16:27 -0400 (EDT) Received: (from kensmith@localhost) by zeus.cse.buffalo.edu (8.12.8p1/8.12.8/Submit) id h6DMGQ9a045683; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 18:16:26 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <200307132216.h6DMGQ9a045683@zeus.cse.buffalo.edu> Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 18:16:26 -0400 (EDT) From: Ken Smith To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org X-Send-Pr-Version: 3.113 cc: kensmith@cse.Buffalo.EDU Subject: docs/54456: Minor fixes to fdp-primer docs X-BeenThere: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list Reply-To: Ken Smith List-Id: Documentation project List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 22:20:17 -0000 >Number: 54456 >Category: docs >Synopsis: Minor fixes to fdp-primer docs >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: medium >Responsible: freebsd-doc >State: open >Quarter: >Keywords: >Date-Required: >Class: doc-bug >Submitter-Id: current-users >Arrival-Date: Sun Jul 13 15:20:15 PDT 2003 >Closed-Date: >Last-Modified: >Originator: Ken Smith >Release: FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE i386 >Organization: U. Buffalo CSE Department/FreeBSD >Environment: System: FreeBSD zeus.cse.buffalo.edu 4.8-RELEASE FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE #0: Thu Apr 3 10:53:38 GMT 2003 root@freebsd-stable.sentex.ca:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 >Description: One of the examples has one too many tags in it. Since I was mentioning that I included some mis-spellings (ispell agrees with me) and a filename change (typically setting environment variables is done in a .cshrc file - but there may have been a reason they used .login I'm not aware of...). >How-To-Repeat: N/A >Fix: Apply diff's below (relative to ftp-primer directory)... --- overview/chapter.sgml.orig Sun Jan 12 13:31:41 2003 +++ overview/chapter.sgml Sat Jul 12 22:25:39 2003 @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ is produced. Your contributions are very valuable. This document's main purpose is to clearly explain how - the FDP is organised, how to write and submit + the FDP is organized, how to write and submit documentation to the FDP, and how to effectively use the tools available to you when writing documentation. --- sgml-markup/chapter.sgml.orig Wed May 21 17:05:04 2003 +++ sgml-markup/chapter.sgml Sat Jul 12 22:33:24 2003 @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
Term 1
-

Paragraph 1 of definition 1.

+

Paragraph 1 of definition 1.

Paragraph 2 of definition 1.

--- sgml-primer/chapter.sgml.orig Sun Jan 12 13:31:41 2003 +++ sgml-primer/chapter.sgml Sat Jul 12 23:35:28 2003 @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ these other markup languages. A meta markup language. - This is exactly what the Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) + This is exactly what the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is. Many markup languages have been written in SGML, including the two most used by the FDP, HTML and DocBook. @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ - <filename>.login</filename>, for &man.csh.1; and + <title><filename>.cshrc</filename>, for &man.csh.1; and &man.tcsh.1; users setenv SGML_ROOT /usr/local/share/sgml --- structure/chapter.sgml.orig Sun Jan 12 13:31:42 2003 +++ structure/chapter.sgml Sun Jul 13 00:18:03 2003 @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ promote consistency between the different documentation - organisations, to make it easier to switch between working on + organizations, to make it easier to switch between working on different documents @@ -168,14 +168,14 @@ sect3) and so on. - Physical organisation + Physical organization There are a number of files and directories within the handbook directory. - The Handbook's organisation may change over time, and this - document may lag in detailing the organisational changes. If you + The Handbook's organization may change over time, and this + document may lag in detailing the organizational changes. If you have any questions about how the Handbook is organised, please contact the &a.doc;. @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Chapters and/or directories should not be named in a fashion that reflects their ordering within the Handbook. This ordering might change as the content within the Handbook is reorganised; - this sort of reorganisation should not (generally) include the + this sort of reorganization should not (generally) include the need to rename files (unless entire chapters are being promoted or demoted within the hierarchy). >Release-Note: >Audit-Trail: >Unformatted: From owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jul 13 21:00:29 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@hub.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 28E4D37B401 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:00:29 -0700 (PDT) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (freefall.freebsd.org [216.136.204.21]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0379143FA3 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:00:27 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from gnats@FreeBSD.org) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (gnats@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.12.9/8.12.9) with ESMTP id h6E40RUp048259 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:00:27 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from gnats@freefall.freebsd.org) Received: (from gnats@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.12.9/8.12.9/Submit) id h6E40RQb048258; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:00:27 -0700 (PDT) Resent-Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 21:00:27 -0700 (PDT) Resent-Message-Id: <200307140400.h6E40RQb048258@freefall.freebsd.org> Resent-From: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org (GNATS Filer) Resent-To: freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org Resent-Reply-To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org, Ken Smith Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 356F737B401 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 20:58:55 -0700 (PDT) Received: from zeus.cse.buffalo.edu (zeus.cse.Buffalo.EDU [128.205.32.30]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DB0143F85 for ; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 20:58:54 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from kensmith@cse.Buffalo.EDU) Received: from zeus.cse.buffalo.edu (localhost.cse.buffalo.edu [127.0.0.1]) h6E3vUew046181; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 23:57:30 -0400 (EDT) Received: (from kensmith@localhost) by zeus.cse.buffalo.edu (8.12.8p1/8.12.8/Submit) id h6E3vTWR046180; Sun, 13 Jul 2003 23:57:29 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <200307140357.h6E3vTWR046180@zeus.cse.buffalo.edu> Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2003 23:57:29 -0400 (EDT) From: Ken Smith To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org X-Send-Pr-Version: 3.113 cc: kensmith@cse.Buffalo.EDU Subject: docs/54461: Possible addition to Handbook X-BeenThere: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list Reply-To: Ken Smith List-Id: Documentation project List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2003 04:00:29 -0000 >Number: 54461 >Category: docs >Synopsis: Possible addition to Handbook >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: low >Responsible: freebsd-doc >State: open >Quarter: >Keywords: >Date-Required: >Class: update >Submitter-Id: current-users >Arrival-Date: Sun Jul 13 21:00:27 PDT 2003 >Closed-Date: >Last-Modified: >Originator: Ken Smith >Release: FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE i386 >Organization: U. Buffalo CSE Department/FreeBSD >Environment: System: FreeBSD zeus.cse.buffalo.edu 4.8-RELEASE FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE #0: Thu Apr 3 10:53:38 GMT 2003 root@freebsd-stable.sentex.ca:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 >Description: Just some suggested additions to the Handbook, "Basics" and "Users" chapters. >How-To-Repeat: N/A >Fix: Apply following diff, relative to handbook directory. --- basics/chapter.sgml.orig Fri Jul 11 09:24:44 2003 +++ basics/chapter.sgml Sun Jul 13 23:54:45 2003 @@ -69,6 +69,15 @@ sharing and managing requests for hardware devices, peripherals, memory, and CPU time evenly to each user. + Much more information about User Accounts is in the chapter + about accounts. For now you just + need to know that each person (user) who uses the computer should be + given their own username and password. The system keeps track + of the people using the computer based on this username. Since + it is often the case that several people are working on the same + project Unix also provides groups. Several users can be placed + in the same group. + Because the system is capable of supporting multiple users, everything the system manages has a set of permissions governing who can read, write, and execute the resource. These permissions are @@ -1687,6 +1696,20 @@ Binary Formats + Typically when you type in a command to a shell the shell + will arrange for an executable file to be loaded into memory and + a new process results. Executable files can either be a binary + file (usually created by the linker as part of compiling a program) + or a shell script (text file to be interpreted by a binary file, + like &man.sh.1; or &man.perl.1;). The &man.file.1; command can + usually tell you what is inside of a file. + + Binary files need to have a well defined format for the system + to be able to use them properly. Part of the file will be the + executable machine code (the instructions that tell the CPU what + to do), part of it will be data space with pre-defined values, + part will be data space with no pre-defined values, etc. Through + time different binary file formats have evolved. To understand why FreeBSD uses the ELF format, you must first know a little about the 3 currently @@ -1824,6 +1847,14 @@ a.out will be moved out of the GENERIC kernel, and eventually removed from the kernel once the need to run legacy a.out programs is past. + + In addition to &man.file.1; another command that can prove + useful when working with executables is &man.ldd.1;. If + &man.file.1; says that a file is a dynamically linked executable + &man.ldd.1; can tell you what dynamically linked libraries that + executable file requires. Sometimes programs can be linked against + compatibility libraries instead of the main system libraries, or + otherwise rely on dynamic libraries you were not aware of. --- users/chapter.sgml.orig Thu Oct 10 17:14:28 2002 +++ users/chapter.sgml Sun Jul 13 23:45:12 2003 @@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ for general usage if you have not already. This applies equally whether you are running a multi-user or single-user machine. Later in this chapter, we discuss how to create additional - accounts, and how to change between the normal user and - superuser. + accounts, and how to + change between the normal user and superuser. @@ -1053,6 +1053,50 @@ /etc/group, consult the &man.group.5; manual page. + + + Becoming Superuser + + There are several ways to do things as the superuser. The worst + way is to log in as root. Usually very little + needs to be done as root so logging off as your + normal username, logging in as root, doing what + you needed to do, then logging off and back on as your normal username + is quite a waste of time. + + A better way is to use &man.su.1; without providing a username, + which implies the root user. For this to work + the username that you normally log in as must be in the + wheel group. An example of a fairly typical software + installation would involve the sys-admin unpacking the software as + their normal user account. Then in the unpacked directory, starting + as their normal user account, doing something like. + + + Compile and Install a Program + + &prompt.user; configure +&prompt.user; make +&prompt.user; su +Password: +&prompt.root; make install +&prompt.root; exit +&prompt.user; + + + Note in this example the transition to root + was much less painful than logging off and back on twice, and only + what was absolutely necessary got run as root. + + Using &man.su.1; works well for single systems or small networks + with just one systems administrator. For more complex environments + (or even for these simple environments) you should take a look at + &man.sudo.8;. It is provided as the port + security/sudo. It allows for things like logging what + gets done, granting users the ability to only run certain things + as the superuser, etc. + +