From owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Jul 4 15:05:03 2011 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B4824106564A for ; Mon, 4 Jul 2011 15:05:03 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mx01.qsc.de (mx01.qsc.de [213.148.129.14]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 718D58FC17 for ; Mon, 4 Jul 2011 15:05:03 +0000 (UTC) Received: from r55.edvax.de (port-92-195-180-180.dynamic.qsc.de [92.195.180.180]) by mx01.qsc.de (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E6723CEB7; Mon, 4 Jul 2011 17:05:02 +0200 (CEST) Received: from r55.edvax.de (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by r55.edvax.de (8.14.2/8.14.2) with SMTP id p64F5118005970; Mon, 4 Jul 2011 17:05:01 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Date: Mon, 4 Jul 2011 17:05:01 +0200 From: Polytropon To: tethys ocean Message-Id: <20110704170501.b9479535.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: References: <20110704151505.99e0ed4d.freebsd@edvax.de> Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 2.4.7 (GTK+ 2.12.1; i386-portbld-freebsd7.0) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: FreeBSD_Questions Subject: Re: mount /unmount X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list Reply-To: Polytropon List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 04 Jul 2011 15:05:03 -0000 On Mon, 4 Jul 2011 17:50:36 +0300, tethys ocean wrote: > *Means that /usr is not slice ?? or /var is not slice? are all these are > UFS ?* In traditional FreeBSD disk partitioning, a disk can hold 4 slices. In MICROS~1 land, those are called "DOS primary partitions". Unlike there, FreeBSD usually just needs one slice to install into. The FreeBSD slice is divided into partitions. Each partition carries a UFS file system - except the swap partition. Those partitions are then mounted. This means that in default installs /usr and /var are the mountpoints of the corresponding partitions (to be fully correct in terminology) that have a UFS file system. Example: ad0 = the 1st DISK ad0s1 = the 1st SLICE on the 1st disk ad0s1a = the 1st PARTITION on the 1st slice on the 1st disk, formatted with UFS Each partition is assigned a mountpoint. This is the "connection" used by the mount command: It mounts the device specifying a partition to the given mountpoint directory. A common method of partitioning is this: # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# # ----------- -------------- ------ ------------- ----- ----- /dev/ad0s1b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/ad0s1a / ufs rw 1 1 /dev/ad0s1d /tmp ufs rw 2 2 /dev/ad0s1e /var ufs rw 2 2 /dev/ad0s1f /usr ufs rw 2 2 /dev/ad0s1g /home ufs rw 2 2 (In the _default_ install, /home is symlinked to /usr/home which means it's not a separate partition.) However, it's possible to just create one partition and install all the system's functional parts into that one partition. Mounting it will give access to all subtrees. Basically, my comment was about the correct terminology which is important to use in order to avoid misinterpretations. There is also a mechanism called "dedicated partitioning"; it's the same as above, just omitting the slicing part, i. e. partitions are created directly on the disk (ad0a, ad0d, ad0e, ad0f and so on). Other partitioning mechanisms do also exist, like GPT (using gpart instead of traditional MBR tools fdisk + bsdlabel), here partition names are ad0p1, ad0p2 and so on. It's also possible to identify partition devices with labels instead of "bare numbers", this can be done by labeling them. And of course there's ZFS. :-) You can find more information in the FreeBSD handbook. 3.5 Disk Organization http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disk-organization.html 18.3 Adding Disks http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disks-adding.html 19.6 Labeling Disk Devices http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/geom-glabel.html -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...