From owner-freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Oct 10 00:17:05 2008 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-stable@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 99B621065687 for ; Fri, 10 Oct 2008 00:17:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from imb@protected-networks.net) Received: from sarah.protected-networks.net (sarah.protected-networks.net [IPv6:2001:470:1f07:4e1::1]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A91008FC15 for ; Fri, 10 Oct 2008 00:17:04 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from imb@protected-networks.net) Received: from toshi.auburn.protected-networks.net (toshi.auburn.protected-networks.net [IPv6:2001:470:1f07:4e1::4]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "Iain Michael Butler", Issuer "Protected Networks Certificate Authority" (verified OK)) (Authenticated sender: imb) by sarah.protected-networks.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 137BE6107 for ; Thu, 9 Oct 2008 20:17:01 -0400 (EDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=protected-networks.net; s=200705; t=1223597823; bh=EJBGh//dj9c0Br RSB8CMoCdw4kbCCs4NYzz1VM2V+fY=; h=Message-ID:Date:From:MIME-Version: To:Subject:References:In-Reply-To:Content-Type: Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=Ciphj+A2rmN751BSXCNgxwy42JA2cWJ54cKV/ HGPb//tF4erznHQpACsSRt0q+nkC/1QA2P/udfDQ/l77qZWRYWGWOuLcWooY7QyRFg7 zcP9yAGsnFL6KW1Os9R6sw8c DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; s=200509; d=protected-networks.net; c=nofws; q=dns; h=message-id:date:from:user-agent:mime-version:to:subject: references:in-reply-to:x-enigmail-version:openpgp:content-type:content-transfer-encoding; b=Ab5IkNm2Mr9/ePzaY/A96vwYUr/A+1WSpqnKbqAOViJjeiXK4OUAB96dApZXJHuYY yz654Ghk7FVBKigyaNI0JbFToUt+kY3z62knaxQ1PyKCE3qTC52JtEgeZOeKDoq Message-ID: <48EE9EFA.3080009@protected-networks.net> Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2008 20:16:58 -0400 From: Michael Butler User-Agent: Thunderbird 2.0.0.17 (X11/20080926) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: FreeBSD Stable References: <884679.22561.qm@web110112.mail.gq1.yahoo.com> <48E75BB7.2060206@madpilot.net> <20081009145337.P16723@sola.nimnet.asn.au> <48EDE8DC.8030108@webzone.net.au> <200810092322.m99NMD3l043255@apollo.backplane.com> <48EE9D0E.8000002@protected-networks.net> In-Reply-To: <48EE9D0E.8000002@protected-networks.net> X-Enigmail-Version: 0.95.7 OpenPGP: id=0442D492 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Re: sidetrack [was Re: 'at now' not working as expected] X-BeenThere: freebsd-stable@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Production branch of FreeBSD source code List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2008 00:17:05 -0000 I wrote: > The attached program (not mine - credits in the header) does this > effectively given your current position as input, Inserted as text since it got stripped last time .. > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ /* SUNRISET.C - computes Sun rise/set times, start/end of twilight, and the length of the day at any date and latitude Written as DAYLEN.C, 1989-08-16 Modified to SUNRISET.C, 1992-12-01 (c) Paul Schlyter, 1989, 1992 This program may be used by anyone for any purpose, iff: 1. it is not being sold for profit 2. this notice is not removed */ #include #include /* A macro to compute the number of days elapsed since 2000 Jan 0.0 */ /* (which is equal to 1999 Dec 31, 0h UT) */ #define days_since_2000_Jan_0(y,m,d) \ (367L*(y)-((7*((y)+(((m)+9)/12)))/4)+((275*(m))/9)+(d)-730530L) /* Some conversion factors between radians and degrees */ #ifndef PI #define PI 3.1415926535897932384 #endif #define RADEG ( 180.0 / PI ) #define DEGRAD ( PI / 180.0 ) /* The trigonometric functions in degrees */ #define sind(x) sin((x)*DEGRAD) #define cosd(x) cos((x)*DEGRAD) #define tand(x) tan((x)*DEGRAD) #define atand(x) (RADEG*atan(x)) #define asind(x) (RADEG*asin(x)) #define acosd(x) (RADEG*acos(x)) #define atan2d(y,x) (RADEG*atan2(y,x)) /* Following are some macros around the "workhorse" function __daylen__ */ /* They mainly fill in the desired values for the reference altitude */ /* below the horizon, and also selects whether this altitude should */ /* refer to the Sun's center or its upper limb. */ /* This macro computes the length of the day, from sunrise to sunset. */ /* Sunrise/set is considered to occur when the Sun's upper limb is */ /* 35 arc minutes below the horizon (this accounts for the refraction */ /* of the Earth's atmosphere). */ #define day_length(year,month,day,lon,lat) \ __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -35.0/60.0, 1 ) /* This macro computes the length of the day, including civil twilight. */ /* Civil twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 6 degrees below */ /* the horizon. */ #define day_civil_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat) \ __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -6.0, 0 ) /* This macro computes the length of the day, incl. nautical twilight. */ /* Nautical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 12 degrees */ /* below the horizon. */ #define day_nautical_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat) \ __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -12.0, 0 ) /* This macro computes the length of the day, incl. astronomical twilight. */ /* Astronomical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 18 degrees */ /* below the horizon. */ #define day_astronomical_twilight_length(year,month,day,lon,lat) \ __daylen__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -18.0, 0 ) /* This macro computes times for sunrise/sunset. */ /* Sunrise/set is considered to occur when the Sun's upper limb is */ /* 35 arc minutes below the horizon (this accounts for the refraction */ /* of the Earth's atmosphere). */ #define sun_rise_set(year,month,day,lon,lat,rise,set) \ __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -35.0/60.0, 1, rise, set ) /* This macro computes the start and end times of civil twilight. */ /* Civil twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 6 degrees below */ /* the horizon. */ #define civil_twilight(year,month,day,lon,lat,start,end) \ __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -6.0, 0, start, end ) /* This macro computes the start and end times of nautical twilight. */ /* Nautical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 12 degrees */ /* below the horizon. */ #define nautical_twilight(year,month,day,lon,lat,start,end) \ __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -12.0, 0, start, end ) /* This macro computes the start and end times of astronomical twilight. */ /* Astronomical twilight starts/ends when the Sun's center is 18 degrees */ /* below the horizon. */ #define astronomical_twilight(year,month,day,lon,lat,start,end) \ __sunriset__( year, month, day, lon, lat, -18.0, 0, start, end ) /* Function prototypes */ double __daylen__ (int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat, double altit, int upper_limb); int __sunriset__ (int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat, double altit, int upper_limb, double *rise, double *set); void sunpos (double d, double *lon, double *r); void sun_RA_dec (double d, double *RA, double *dec, double *r); double revolution (double x); double rev180 (double x); double GMST0 (double d); /* A small test program */ void main (void) { int year, month, day; double lon, lat; double daylen, civlen, nautlen, astrlen; double rise, set, civ_start, civ_end, naut_start, naut_end, astr_start, astr_end; int rs, civ, naut, astr; printf ("Longitude (+ is east) and latitude (+ is north) : "); scanf ("%lf %lf", &lon, &lat); for (;;) { printf ("Input date ( yyyy mm dd ): "); if (scanf ("%d %d %d", &year, &month, &day) != 3) exit (0); daylen = day_length (year, month, day, lon, lat); civlen = day_civil_twilight_length (year, month, day, lon, lat); nautlen = day_nautical_twilight_length (year, month, day, lon, lat); astrlen = day_astronomical_twilight_length (year, month, day, lon, lat); printf ("Day length: %5.2f hours\n", daylen); printf ("With civil twilight %5.2f hours\n", civlen); printf ("With nautical twilight %5.2f hours\n", nautlen); printf ("With astronomical twilight %5.2f hours\n", astrlen); printf ("Length of twilight: civil %5.2f hours\n", (civlen - daylen) / 2.0); printf (" nautical %5.2f hours\n", (nautlen - daylen) / 2.0); printf (" astronomical %5.2f hours\n", (astrlen - daylen) / 2.0); rs = sun_rise_set (year, month, day, lon, lat, &rise, &set); civ = civil_twilight (year, month, day, lon, lat, &civ_start, &civ_end); naut = nautical_twilight (year, month, day, lon, lat, &naut_start, &naut_end); astr = astronomical_twilight (year, month, day, lon, lat, &astr_start, &astr_end); printf ("Sun at south %5.2fh UT\n", (rise + set) / 2.0); switch (rs) { case 0: printf ("Sun rises %5.2fh UT, sets %5.2fh UT\n", rise, set); break; case +1: printf ("Sun above horizon\n"); break; case -1: printf ("Sun below horizon\n"); break; } switch (civ) { case 0: printf ("Civil twilight starts %5.2fh, ends %5.2fh UT\n", civ_start, civ_end); break; case +1: printf ("Never darker than civil twilight\n"); break; case -1: printf ("Never as bright as civil twilight\n"); break; } switch (naut) { case 0: printf ("Nautical twilight starts %5.2fh, ends %5.2fh UT\n", naut_start, naut_end); break; case +1: printf ("Never darker than nautical twilight\n"); break; case -1: printf ("Never as bright as nautical twilight \n"); break; } switch (astr) { case 0: printf ("Astronomical twilight starts %5.2fh, ends %5.2fh UT\n", astr_start, astr_end); break; case +1: printf ("Never darker than astronomical twilight \n "); break; case -1: printf ("Never as bright as astronomical twilight \n "); break; } } } /* The "workhorse" function for sun rise/set times */ int __sunriset__ (int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat, double altit, int upper_limb, double *trise, double *tset) /***************************************************************************/ /* Note: year,month,date = calendar date, 1801-2099 only. */ /* Eastern longitude positive, Western longitude negative */ /* Northern latitude positive, Southern latitude negative */ /* The longitude value IS critical in this function! */ /* altit = the altitude which the Sun should cross */ /* Set to -35/60 degrees for rise/set, -6 degrees */ /* for civil, -12 degrees for nautical and -18 */ /* degrees for astronomical twilight. */ /* upper_limb: non-zero -> upper limb, zero -> center */ /* Set to non-zero (e.g. 1) when computing rise/set */ /* times, and to zero when computing start/end of */ /* twilight. */ /* *rise = where to store the rise time */ /* *set = where to store the set time */ /* Both times are relative to the specified altitude, */ /* and thus this function can be used to comupte */ /* various twilight times, as well as rise/set times */ /* Return value: 0 = sun rises/sets this day, times stored at */ /* *trise and *tset. */ /* +1 = sun above the specified "horizon" 24 hours. */ /* *trise set to time when the sun is at south, */ /* minus 12 hours while *tset is set to the south */ /* time plus 12 hours. "Day" length = 24 hours */ /* -1 = sun is below the specified "horizon" 24 hours */ /* "Day" length = 0 hours, *trise and *tset are */ /* both set to the time when the sun is at south. */ /* */ /**********************************************************************/ { double d, /* Days since 2000 Jan 0.0 (negative before) */ sr, /* Solar distance, astronomical units */ sRA, /* Sun's Right Ascension */ sdec, /* Sun's declination */ sradius, /* Sun's apparent radius */ t, /* Diurnal arc */ tsouth, /* Time when Sun is at south */ sidtime; /* Local sidereal time */ int rc = 0; /* Return cde from function - usually 0 */ /* Compute d of 12h local mean solar time */ d = days_since_2000_Jan_0 (year, month, day) + 0.5 - lon / 360.0; /* Compute local sideral time of this moment */ sidtime = revolution (GMST0 (d) + 180.0 + lon); /* Compute Sun's RA + Decl at this moment */ sun_RA_dec (d, &sRA, &sdec, &sr); /* Compute time when Sun is at south - in hours UT */ tsouth = 12.0 - rev180 (sidtime - sRA) / 15.0; /* Compute the Sun's apparent radius, degrees */ sradius = 0.2666 / sr; /* Do correction to upper limb, if necessary */ if (upper_limb) altit -= sradius; /* Compute the diurnal arc that the Sun traverses to reach */ /* the specified altitide altit: */ { double cost; cost = (sind (altit) - sind (lat) * sind (sdec)) / (cosd (lat) * cosd (sdec)); if (cost >= 1.0) rc = -1, t = 0.0; /* Sun always below altit */ else if (cost <= -1.0) rc = +1, t = 12.0; /* Sun always above altit */ else t = acosd (cost) / 15.0; /* The diurnal arc, hours */ } /* Store rise and set times - in hours UT */ *trise = tsouth - t; *tset = tsouth + t; return rc; } /* __sunriset__ */ /* The "workhorse" function */ double __daylen__ (int year, int month, int day, double lon, double lat, double altit, int upper_limb) /**********************************************************************/ /* Note: year,month,date = calendar date, 1801-2099 only. */ /* Eastern longitude positive, Western longitude negative */ /* Northern latitude positive, Southern latitude negative */ /* The longitude value is not critical. Set it to the correct */ /* longitude if you're picky, otherwise set to to, say, 0.0 */ /* The latitude however IS critical - be sure to get it correct */ /* altit = the altitude which the Sun should cross */ /* Set to -35/60 degrees for rise/set, -6 degrees */ /* for civil, -12 degrees for nautical and -18 */ /* degrees for astronomical twilight. */ /* upper_limb: non-zero -> upper limb, zero -> center */ /* Set to non-zero (e.g. 1) when computing day length */ /* and to zero when computing day+twilight length. */ /**********************************************************************/ { double d, /* Days since 2000 Jan 0.0 (negative before) */ obl_ecl, /* Obliquity (inclination) of Earth's axis */ sr, /* Solar distance, astronomical units */ slon, /* True solar longitude */ sin_sdecl, /* Sine of Sun's declination */ cos_sdecl, /* Cosine of Sun's declination */ sradius, /* Sun's apparent radius */ t; /* Diurnal arc */ /* Compute d of 12h local mean solar time */ d = days_since_2000_Jan_0 (year, month, day) + 0.5 - lon / 360.0; /* * Compute obliquity of ecliptic (inclination of Earth's axis) */ obl_ecl = 23.4393 - 3.563E-7 * d; /* Compute Sun's position */ sunpos (d, &slon, &sr); /* Compute sine and cosine of Sun's declination */ sin_sdecl = sind (obl_ecl) * sind (slon); cos_sdecl = sqrt (1.0 - sin_sdecl * sin_sdecl); /* Compute the Sun's apparent radius, degrees */ sradius = 0.2666 / sr; /* Do correction to upper limb, if necessary */ if (upper_limb) altit -= sradius; /* Compute the diurnal arc that the Sun traverses to reach */ /* the specified altitide altit: */ { double cost; cost = (sind (altit) - sind (lat) * sin_sdecl) / (cosd (lat) * cos_sdecl); if (cost >= 1.0) t = 0.0; /* Sun always below altit */ else if (cost <= -1.0) t = 24.0; /* Sun always above altit */ else t = (2.0 / 15.0) * acosd (cost); /* The diurnal arc, hours */ } return t; } /* __daylen__ */ /* This function computes the Sun's position at any instant */ void sunpos (double d, double *lon, double *r) /******************************************************/ /* Computes the Sun's ecliptic longitude and distance */ /* at an instant given in d, number of days since */ /* 2000 Jan 0.0. The Sun's ecliptic latitude is not */ /* computed, since it's always very near 0. */ /******************************************************/ { double M, /* Mean anomaly of the Sun */ w, /* Mean longitude of perihelion */ /* Note: Sun's mean longitude = M + w */ e, /* Eccentricity of Earth's orbit */ E, /* Eccentric anomaly */ x, y, /* x, y coordinates in orbit */ v; /* True anomaly */ /* Compute mean elements */ M = revolution (356.0470 + 0.9856002585 * d); w = 282.9404 + 4.70935E-5 * d; e = 0.016709 - 1.151E-9 * d; /* Compute true longitude and radius vector */ E = M + e * RADEG * sind (M) * (1.0 + e * cosd (M)); x = cosd (E) - e; y = sqrt (1.0 - e * e) * sind (E); *r = sqrt (x * x + y * y); /* Solar distance */ v = atan2d (y, x); /* True anomaly */ *lon = v + w; /* True solar longitude */ if (*lon >= 360.0) *lon -= 360.0; /* Make it 0..360 degrees */ } void sun_RA_dec (double d, double *RA, double *dec, double *r) { double lon, obl_ecl, x, y, z; /* Compute Sun's ecliptical coordinates */ sunpos (d, &lon, r); /* Compute ecliptic rectangular coordinates (z=0) */ x = *r * cosd (lon); y = *r * sind (lon); /* * Compute obliquity of ecliptic (inclination of Earth's axis) */ obl_ecl = 23.4393 - 3.563E-7 * d; /* * Convert to equatorial rectangular coordinates - x is uchanged */ z = y * sind (obl_ecl); y = y * cosd (obl_ecl); /* Convert to spherical coordinates */ *RA = atan2d (y, x); *dec = atan2d (z, sqrt (x * x + y * y)); } /* sun_RA_dec */ /******************************************************************/ /* This function reduces any angle to within the first revolution */ /* by subtracting or adding even multiples of 360.0 until the */ /* result is >= 0.0 and < 360.0 */ /******************************************************************/ #define INV360 ( 1.0 / 360.0 ) double revolution (double x) /*****************************************/ /* Reduce angle to within 0..360 degrees */ /*****************************************/ { return (x - 360.0 * floor (x * INV360)); } /* revolution */ double rev180 (double x) /*********************************************/ /* Reduce angle to within +180..+180 degrees */ /*********************************************/ { return (x - 360.0 * floor (x * INV360 + 0.5)); } /* revolution */ /*******************************************************************/ /* This function computes GMST0, the Greenwhich Mean Sidereal Time */ /* at 0h UT (i.e. the sidereal time at the Greenwhich meridian at */ /* 0h UT). GMST is then the sidereal time at Greenwich at any */ /* time of the day. I've generelized GMST0 as well, and define it */ /* as: GMST0 = GMST - UT -- this allows GMST0 to be computed at */ /* other times than 0h UT as well. While this sounds somewhat */ /* contradictory, it is very practical: instead of computing */ /* GMST like: */ /* */ /* GMST = (GMST0) + UT * (366.2422/365.2422) */ /* */ /* where (GMST0) is the GMST last time UT was 0 hours, one simply */ /* computes: */ /* */ /* GMST = GMST0 + UT */ /* */ /* where GMST0 is the GMST "at 0h UT" but at the current moment! */ /* Defined in this way, GMST0 will increase with about 4 min a */ /* day. It also happens that GMST0 (in degrees, 1 hr = 15 degr) */ /* is equal to the Sun's mean longitude plus/minus 180 degrees! */ /* (if we neglect aberration, which amounts to 20 seconds of arc */ /* or 1.33 seconds of time) */ /* */ /*******************************************************************/ double GMST0 (double d) { double sidtim0; /* Sidtime at 0h UT = L (Sun's mean longitude) + 180.0 degr */ /* L = M + w, as defined in sunpos(). Since I'm too lazy to */ /* add these numbers, I'll let the C compiler do it for me. */ /* Any decent C compiler will add the constants at compile */ /* time, imposing no runtime or code overhead. */ sidtim0 = revolution ((180.0 + 356.0470 + 282.9404) + (0.9856002585 + 4.70935E-5) * d); return sidtim0; } /* GMST0 */