From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Feb 25 00:04:26 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A3A2E16A477 for ; Sun, 25 Feb 2007 00:04:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from spam_quarantine@xserve1.eeinternational.org) Received: from xserve1.eeinternational.org (50-36-13-69.cust.propagation.net [69.13.36.50]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B315513C4C5 for ; Sun, 25 Feb 2007 00:04:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from spam_quarantine@xserve1.eeinternational.org) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xserve1.eeinternational.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 081FE371B59F for ; Sat, 24 Feb 2007 18:12:10 -0600 (CST) Received: from xserve1.eeinternational.org ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (50-36-13-69.cust.propagation.net [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 05836-05 for ; Sat, 24 Feb 2007 18:12:10 -0600 (CST) Received: by xserve1.eeinternational.org (Postfix, from userid 2624) id 0941737055FF; Sat, 24 Feb 2007 17:27:53 -0600 (CST) To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org From: no-reply@bussinesideas.com Message-Id: <20070224232753.0941737055FF@xserve1.eeinternational.org> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2007 17:27:53 -0600 (CST) X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new at eeinternational.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.5 Subject: http://leet.110mb.com The latest bussiness idea ! X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2007 00:04:27 -0000 Hello ! We are sorry if we distrubed you . Your email is in our email bank . We found out that you are an active bussiness man ,so we were wondering if you are interested in a bussiness idea . If so , please check out site for all the info. http://leet.110mb.com We apologise again if this e-mail bottered you in anyway . Thank you ! From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 26 09:53:18 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACCA716A401 for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 09:53:18 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jordi@cdmon.com) Received: from smtp01.cdmon.com (smtp01.cdmon.com [86.109.99.230]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 71DCB13C48E for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 09:53:14 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jordi@cdmon.com) Received: from [192.168.0.174] (62.Red-217-126-43.staticIP.rima-tde.net [217.126.43.62]) by smtp01.cdmon.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0B8CF7FCC for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 10:36:14 +0100 (CET) Message-ID: <45E2AA23.3020901@cdmon.com> Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2007 10:36:35 +0100 From: Jordi Moles User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird 1.5.0.9 (X11/20061206) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: ipfw along with netstat X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2007 09:53:18 -0000 hi, I've done a lot of research about that but found anything like i need. I'm running an ipfw firewall on a FreeBSD 6.1 and i wonder if ipfw can add rules automatically when it detects, for example, that an ip address has 100 connections open in the server. I'm doing a similar thing with a perl script and netstat. The script counts how many connections an ip address opened and it automatically adds a new rule to the firewall, but I'm looking for a way in which ipfw does that on its own. thank you. From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 26 11:15:10 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C31A016A400 for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 11:15:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from owner-bugmaster@FreeBSD.org) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (freefall.freebsd.org [69.147.83.40]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9649813C4BA for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 11:15:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from owner-bugmaster@FreeBSD.org) Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (linimon@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.13.4/8.13.4) with ESMTP id l1QBFARG005441 for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 11:15:10 GMT (envelope-from owner-bugmaster@FreeBSD.org) Received: (from linimon@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.13.4/8.13.4/Submit) id l1QBF6U6005437 for freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.org; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 11:15:06 GMT (envelope-from owner-bugmaster@FreeBSD.org) Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2007 11:15:06 GMT Message-Id: <200702261115.l1QBF6U6005437@freefall.freebsd.org> X-Authentication-Warning: freefall.freebsd.org: linimon set sender to owner-bugmaster@FreeBSD.org using -f From: FreeBSD bugmaster To: freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.org Cc: Subject: Current problem reports assigned to you X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2007 11:15:10 -0000 Current FreeBSD problem reports Critical problems Serious problems S Tracker Resp. Description -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- o kern/51274 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw2 create dynamic rules with parent o kern/73910 ipfw [ipfw] serious bug on forwarding of packets after NAT o kern/74104 ipfw [ipfw] ipfw2/1 conflict not detected or reported, manp o conf/78762 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] /etc/rc.d/ipfw should excecute $firewal o bin/80913 ipfw [patch] /sbin/ipfw2 silently discards MAC addr arg wit o kern/88659 ipfw [modules] ipfw and ip6fw do not work properly as modul o kern/93300 ipfw ipfw pipe lost packets o kern/95084 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] IPFW2 ignores "recv/xmit/via any" (IPFW o kern/97504 ipfw [ipfw] IPFW Rules bug o kern/97951 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw does not tie interface details to o kern/98831 ipfw [ipfw] ipfw has UDP hickups o kern/102471 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] add tos and dscp support o kern/103454 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] add a facility to modify DF bit of the o kern/106534 ipfw [ipfw] [panic] ipfw + dummynet 14 problems total. Non-critical problems S Tracker Resp. Description -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a kern/26534 ipfw [ipfw] Add an option to ipfw to log gid/uid of who cau o kern/46159 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw dynamic rules lifetime feature o kern/48172 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw does not log size and flags o bin/50749 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw2 incorrectly parses ports and port o kern/55984 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] time based firewalling support for ipfw o kern/60719 ipfw [ipfw] Headerless fragments generate cryptic error mes o kern/69963 ipfw [ipfw] install_state warning about already existing en o kern/71366 ipfw [ipfw] "ipfw fwd" sometimes rewrites destination mac a o kern/72987 ipfw [ipfw] ipfw/dummynet pipe/queue 'queue [BYTES]KBytes ( o kern/73276 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw2 vulnerability (parser error) o bin/78785 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw verbosity locks machine if /etc/rc o kern/80642 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw small patch - new RULE OPTION o kern/82724 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] Add setnexthop and defaultroute feature o kern/86957 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw mac logging o kern/87032 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw ioctl interface implementation o kern/91847 ipfw [ipfw] ipfw with vlanX as the device o kern/103328 ipfw sugestions about ipfw table o kern/104682 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] Some minor language consistency fixes a o bin/104921 ipfw [patch] ipfw(8) sometimes treats ipv6 input as ipv4 (a o kern/105330 ipfw [ipfw] [patch] ipfw (dummynet) does not allow to set q 20 problems total. From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Feb 26 15:04:25 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC56916A401 for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 15:04:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nikola@vlaeonline.com) Received: from munem.it-box.org (munem.it-box.org [67.159.30.92]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF0F313C49D for ; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 15:04:21 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nikola@vlaeonline.com) Received: from Nikola (unknown [85.30.84.115]) by munem.it-box.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D27013648002; Mon, 26 Feb 2007 09:28:38 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <001401c759b3$1c169ad0$02170a0a@Nikola> From: "Nikola Stojanoski" To: "Jordi Moles" , References: <45E2AA23.3020901@cdmon.com> Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2007 15:33:26 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=response Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.3028 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3028 Cc: Subject: Re: ipfw along with netstat X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2007 15:04:26 -0000 you can use limit for that. here is the part about limit in ipfw manual: limit {src-addr | src-port | dst-addr | dst-port} N The firewall will only allow N connections with the same set of parameters as specified in the rule. One or more of source and destination addresses and ports can be specified. so a simple way to limit max connections per ip is: ipfw add allow ip from any to any limit src-addr 100 this way you will limiit yourself also with 100 connections per ip, but you can play around with recv, xmit, via and other settings to fit your needs Regards ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jordi Moles" To: Sent: Monday, February 26, 2007 10:36 AM Subject: ipfw along with netstat > hi, > > I've done a lot of research about that but found anything like i need. I'm > running an ipfw firewall on a FreeBSD 6.1 and i wonder if ipfw can add > rules automatically when it detects, for example, that an ip address has > 100 connections open in the server. I'm doing a similar thing with a perl > script and netstat. The script counts how many connections an ip address > opened and it automatically adds a new rule to the firewall, but I'm > looking for a way in which ipfw does that on its own. > > thank you. > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 27 16:02:38 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B15F316A417 for ; Tue, 27 Feb 2007 16:02:38 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jordi@cdmon.com) Received: from smtp01.cdmon.com (smtp01.cdmon.com [86.109.99.230]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D9B113C441 for ; Tue, 27 Feb 2007 16:02:38 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jordi@cdmon.com) Received: from [192.168.0.174] (62.Red-217-126-43.staticIP.rima-tde.net [217.126.43.62]) by smtp01.cdmon.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 35E81F8255; Tue, 27 Feb 2007 17:02:40 +0100 (CET) Message-ID: <45E45632.40304@cdmon.com> Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2007 17:02:58 +0100 From: Jordi Moles User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird 1.5.0.9 (X11/20061206) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Nikola Stojanoski References: <45E2AA23.3020901@cdmon.com> <001401c759b3$1c169ad0$02170a0a@Nikola> In-Reply-To: <001401c759b3$1c169ad0$02170a0a@Nikola> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Subject: Re: ipfw along with netstat X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2007 16:02:38 -0000 hi, thanks for the information, it works great!! I've got another question related to this... how does ipfw actually count the number of ip addresses? I mean... let's say i set up the firewall to only accept 50 connections. ? does it count 50 connexions per second? 50 during a minute? or what? thanks. En/na Nikola Stojanoski ha escrit: > you can use limit for that. here is the part about limit in ipfw manual: > > limit {src-addr | src-port | dst-addr | dst-port} N > The firewall will only allow N connections with the same > set of > parameters as specified in the rule. One or more of > source and > destination addresses and ports can be specified. > > so a simple way to limit max connections per ip is: > > ipfw add allow ip from any to any limit src-addr 100 > > this way you will limiit yourself also with 100 connections per ip, > but you can play around with recv, xmit, via and other settings to fit > your needs > > Regards > > ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jordi Moles" > To: > Sent: Monday, February 26, 2007 10:36 AM > Subject: ipfw along with netstat > > >> hi, >> >> I've done a lot of research about that but found anything like i >> need. I'm running an ipfw firewall on a FreeBSD 6.1 and i wonder if >> ipfw can add rules automatically when it detects, for example, that >> an ip address has 100 connections open in the server. I'm doing a >> similar thing with a perl script and netstat. The script counts how >> many connections an ip address opened and it automatically adds a new >> rule to the firewall, but I'm looking for a way in which ipfw does >> that on its own. >> >> thank you. >> _______________________________________________ >> freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list >> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw >> To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Feb 27 23:29:01 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C176B16AA37 for ; Tue, 27 Feb 2007 23:29:01 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nikola@vlaeonline.com) Received: from munem.it-box.org (munem.it-box.org [67.159.30.92]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8EA0413C474 for ; Tue, 27 Feb 2007 23:29:01 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nikola@vlaeonline.com) Received: from Nikola (unknown [85.30.84.199]) by munem.it-box.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D8E237F70002; Tue, 27 Feb 2007 18:23:19 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <001701c75ac7$09c14000$02170a0a@Nikola> From: "Nikola Stojanoski" To: "Jordi Moles" References: <45E2AA23.3020901@cdmon.com> <001401c759b3$1c169ad0$02170a0a@Nikola> <45E45632.40304@cdmon.com> Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2007 00:28:40 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=response Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.3028 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3028 Cc: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Subject: Re: ipfw along with netstat X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2007 23:29:01 -0000 Hi, it will count the number of established sessions from a host or to a host, so if you set it: ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 80 limit dst-addr 10 it will limit to 10 established connection to your http server from any ip and if you set it like this: ipfw add allow tcp from any to any 80 limit src-addr 10 it will limit to 10 established connections to your http server from 1 ip or you can use: ipfw add allow tcp from any to any 80 limit src-addr 10 ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 80 limit dst-addr 100 so you will limit 10 established connections per ip, and maximum 100 connections to your http server also if you do ssh or some other limiting you should add anti-locking rule so you can login if you are flooded it's something like this: ipfw add allow tcp from local/net to any 22 ipfw add allow tcp from any to any 22 limit src-addr 10 ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 limit dst-addr 100 this way you will not limit connections from your local net and if you get flooded you can login to your box i hope you will find this usefull Regards ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jordi Moles" To: "Nikola Stojanoski" Cc: Sent: Tuesday, February 27, 2007 5:02 PM Subject: Re: ipfw along with netstat > hi, > > thanks for the information, it works great!! > > I've got another question related to this... how does ipfw actually count > the number of ip addresses? I mean... let's say i set up the firewall to > only accept 50 connections. ? does it count 50 connexions per second? 50 > during a minute? or what? > > thanks. > > En/na Nikola Stojanoski ha escrit: >> you can use limit for that. here is the part about limit in ipfw manual: >> >> limit {src-addr | src-port | dst-addr | dst-port} N >> The firewall will only allow N connections with the same set >> of >> parameters as specified in the rule. One or more of source >> and >> destination addresses and ports can be specified. >> >> so a simple way to limit max connections per ip is: >> >> ipfw add allow ip from any to any limit src-addr 100 >> >> this way you will limiit yourself also with 100 connections per ip, but >> you can play around with recv, xmit, via and other settings to fit your >> needs >> >> Regards >> >> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jordi Moles" >> To: >> Sent: Monday, February 26, 2007 10:36 AM >> Subject: ipfw along with netstat >> >> >>> hi, >>> >>> I've done a lot of research about that but found anything like i need. >>> I'm running an ipfw firewall on a FreeBSD 6.1 and i wonder if ipfw can >>> add rules automatically when it detects, for example, that an ip address >>> has 100 connections open in the server. I'm doing a similar thing with a >>> perl script and netstat. The script counts how many connections an ip >>> address opened and it automatically adds a new rule to the firewall, but >>> I'm looking for a way in which ipfw does that on its own. >>> >>> thank you. >>> _______________________________________________ >>> freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list >>> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw >>> To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" >> >> _______________________________________________ >> freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list >> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw >> To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 02:37:10 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6E5F16A404 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 02:37:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jmok@attglobal.net) Received: from eoemailadmin.pacific.net.hk (eoemailadmin.pacific.net.hk [202.14.67.94]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E58213C4A7 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 02:37:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jmok@attglobal.net) Received: from hanghau.pacific.net.hk (hanghau.pacific.net.hk [202.64.33.147]) by eoemailadmin.pacific.net.hk with ESMTP id l231oklL031532 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 09:50:46 +0800 Received: from [192.168.16.50] ([210.17.159.154]) by hanghau.pacific.net.hk with ESMTP id l231oiSo008208 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 09:50:44 +0800 Message-ID: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 09:50:43 +0800 From: John Mok User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.9 (Windows/20061207) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 02:37:11 -0000 Hi, I am new to Dummynet. I would like to setup a FreeBSD QoS box to replace the one using Linux IMQ. However, I have the following questions :- 1. Is it possible to cascade pipes, such that the bandwidth management could be easier by hierarchical control rather than flat-out? For instance, pipe 100 is the total bandwidth 2Mbps of the serial link to Internet pipe 110 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 8Kbps and ceiling 16 Kbps pipe 120 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 32Kbps and ceiling 256 Kbps pipe 130 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 384Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps pipe 140 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 224Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps Pipe 130 and pipe 140 are allowed to consume the total bandwidth if there is no other traffic, but would only get its share 224 / (8 + 32 + 384 + 224) when all pipes are fully loaded. 2. Is there any FIFO queue rather WFQ? If there are 3 queues defined top sahre the bandwidth of pipe 110, how to make the traffic to go in FIFO manner? Thanks a lot. John Mok From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 10:08:06 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21D0016A402 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 10:08:06 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from elmofo@uol.com.br) Received: from smtp.uol.com.br (smtpout12.uol.com.br [200.221.4.203]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D634E13C4A3 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 10:08:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from elmofo@uol.com.br) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by socom6.uol.com.br (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD801500335D for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 06:47:54 -0300 (BRT) Received: from fixed-mofo (200-232-182-1.dsl.telesp.net.br [200.232.182.1]) by socom6.uol.com.br (Postfix) with SMTP id 18FDA50022DD for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 06:47:53 -0300 (BRT) Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 06:47:39 -0300 From: m0f0x To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Message-Id: <20070303064739.e5925416.elmofo@uol.com.br> In-Reply-To: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 2.3.1 (GTK+ 2.10.9; i386-portbld-freebsd6.1) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-SIG5: 0c06814288f7a5593fd9d96ed88aa7db Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 10:08:06 -0000 I don't think so. There's nothing on dummynet's/ipfw's documentation regarding this feature. You should try pf and ALTQ. ALTQ has better queueing disciplines than ipfw. ALTQ will mostly fit your needs. You can also use ipfw with ALTQ. On Sat, 03 Mar 2007 09:50:43 +0800 John Mok wrote: > Hi, > > I am new to Dummynet. I would like to setup a FreeBSD QoS box to > replace the one using Linux IMQ. However, I have the following > questions :- > > 1. Is it possible to cascade pipes, such that the bandwidth > management could be easier by hierarchical control rather than > flat-out? For instance, > > pipe 100 is the total bandwidth 2Mbps of the serial link to Internet > pipe 110 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 8Kbps and ceiling 16 Kbps > pipe 120 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 32Kbps and ceiling 256 Kbps > pipe 130 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 384Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps > pipe 140 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 224Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps > > Pipe 130 and pipe 140 are allowed to consume the total bandwidth if > there is no other traffic, but would only get its share 224 / (8 + 32 > + 384 + 224) when all pipes are fully loaded. > > 2. Is there any FIFO queue rather WFQ? If there are 3 queues defined > top sahre the bandwidth of pipe 110, how to make the traffic to go in > FIFO manner? > > Thanks a lot. > > John Mok From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 11:17:10 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8512B16A400 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 11:17:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rizzo@icir.org) Received: from xorpc.icir.org (xorpc.icir.org [192.150.187.68]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 56AFD13C471 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 11:17:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rizzo@icir.org) Received: from xorpc.icir.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xorpc.icir.org (8.12.11/8.13.6) with ESMTP id l23AuIZP076186; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 02:56:18 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from rizzo@xorpc.icir.org) Received: (from rizzo@localhost) by xorpc.icir.org (8.12.11/8.12.3/Submit) id l23AuIjC076185; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 02:56:18 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from rizzo) Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 02:56:18 -0800 From: Luigi Rizzo To: John Mok Message-ID: <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i In-Reply-To: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net>; from jmok@attglobal.net on Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 09:50:43AM +0800 Cc: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 11:17:10 -0000 On Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 09:50:43AM +0800, John Mok wrote: > Hi, > > I am new to Dummynet. I would like to setup a FreeBSD QoS box to replace > the one using Linux IMQ. However, I have the following questions :- > > 1. Is it possible to cascade pipes, such that the bandwidth management > could be easier by hierarchical control rather than flat-out? For instance, no. hierarchical bandwidth management means inheritance and this leads to inefficient algorithms. WFQ does a decent job in most cases where you would want inheritance, it's just a slightly different way of modeling things. > pipe 100 is the total bandwidth 2Mbps of the serial link to Internet > pipe 110 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 8Kbps and ceiling 16 Kbps > pipe 120 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 32Kbps and ceiling 256 Kbps > pipe 130 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 384Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps > pipe 140 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 224Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps > > Pipe 130 and pipe 140 are allowed to consume the total bandwidth if > there is no other traffic, but would only get its share 224 / (8 + 32 + > 384 + 224) when all pipes are fully loaded. > > 2. Is there any FIFO queue rather WFQ? If there are 3 queues defined top > sahre the bandwidth of pipe 110, how to make the traffic to go in FIFO > manner? all queues are FIFO, individually (meaning that packets are served in FIFO order within each queue). There is no FIFO servicing of queues, but i am unclear when one would need this -- it seems _almost_ equivalent to serving individual packets in FIFO order, except with a bit of uncontrolled reordering (uncontrolled means that you cannot make estimates on when a packet will be served, hence cannot compute guarantees etc., which is the whole point of having WFQ or bandwidth management) If you can find a convincing motivation for adding this feature, it can be done - it is not hard or inefficient, just don't see how it could help. cheers luigi > Thanks a lot. > > John Mok > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 12:16:40 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48BCE16A401 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 12:16:40 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jmok@attglobal.net) Received: from hanghau.pacific.net.hk (hanghau.pacific.net.hk [202.64.33.147]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BBE2613C49D for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 12:16:39 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from jmok@attglobal.net) Received: from [192.168.16.50] ([210.17.159.154]) by hanghau.pacific.net.hk with ESMTP id l23CGcAo029067 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 20:16:38 +0800 Message-ID: <45E96725.3050007@attglobal.net> Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 20:16:37 +0800 From: John Mok User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.10 (Windows/20070221) MIME-Version: 1.0 CC: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> In-Reply-To: <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 12:16:40 -0000 Luigi Rizzo wrote: > On Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 09:50:43AM +0800, John Mok wrote: >> Hi, >> >> I am new to Dummynet. I would like to setup a FreeBSD QoS box to replace >> the one using Linux IMQ. However, I have the following questions :- >> >> 1. Is it possible to cascade pipes, such that the bandwidth management >> could be easier by hierarchical control rather than flat-out? For instance, >> pipe 100 is the total bandwidth 2Mbps of the serial link to Internet >> pipe 110 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 8Kbps and ceiling 16 Kbps >> pipe 120 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 32Kbps and ceiling 256 Kbps >> pipe 130 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 384Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps >> pipe 140 cascade pipe 100 with a weight 224Kbps and ceiling 2Mbps > > no. hierarchical bandwidth management means inheritance > and this leads to inefficient algorithms. > > WFQ does a decent job in most cases where you would want > inheritance, it's just a slightly different way of modeling things. > Without hierarchical control, would it be possible to make a dummynet model for the example situation to work? If separate pipes are used to set the bandwidth limit :- ipfw pipe 110 config bw 16 Kbps ipfw pipe 120 config bw 256 Kbps ipfw pipe 130 config bw 2048 Kbps ipfw queue 130 config weight 384 pipe 130 .... ipfw queue 140 config weight 224 pipe 130 .... and when the traffic is fully loaded, then the traffic 2320 Kbps (16 + 256+ 2048) will exceed the available bandwidth 2 Mbps and would result in uncontrollable packet drop due to queue overflow. Thank you, John Mok From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 13:40:37 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2405816A401 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 13:40:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rizzo@icir.org) Received: from xorpc.icir.org (xorpc.icir.org [192.150.187.68]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 123F713C461 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 13:40:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rizzo@icir.org) Received: from xorpc.icir.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xorpc.icir.org (8.12.11/8.13.6) with ESMTP id l23DeZGt078134; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 05:40:35 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from rizzo@xorpc.icir.org) Received: (from rizzo@localhost) by xorpc.icir.org (8.12.11/8.12.3/Submit) id l23DeZLa078133; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 05:40:35 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from rizzo) Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 05:40:35 -0800 From: Luigi Rizzo To: John Mok Message-ID: <20070303054035.A78010@xorpc.icir.org> References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> <45E96725.3050007@attglobal.net> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i In-Reply-To: <45E96725.3050007@attglobal.net>; from jmok@attglobal.net on Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 08:16:37PM +0800 Cc: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 13:40:37 -0000 On Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 08:16:37PM +0800, John Mok wrote: ... > Without hierarchical control, would it be possible to make a dummynet > model for the example situation to work? If separate pipes are used to > set the bandwidth limit :- > > ipfw pipe 110 config bw 16 Kbps > ipfw pipe 120 config bw 256 Kbps > ipfw pipe 130 config bw 2048 Kbps > ipfw queue 130 config weight 384 pipe 130 .... > ipfw queue 140 config weight 224 pipe 130 .... > > and when the traffic is fully loaded, then the traffic 2320 Kbps (16 + > 256+ 2048) will exceed the available bandwidth 2 Mbps and would result > in uncontrollable packet drop due to queue overflow. i am not sure about what you want to achieve (because pipes 110 and 120 are unused in your example). Anyways with WFQ when the total exceeds the available bandwidth, queueing will only occur for those flows exceeding their share, others will keep going with their reserved share. If e.g. you have three flows and want to give them at least 16, 256, 1024 kbps (respectively), you can set a pipe with (16+256+1024)=1296kbps and set three queues with weight 1, 16 and 64 (the weight can be in the range 1..100 i think). cheers luigi From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 13:56:53 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0EA2816A400 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 13:56:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rizzo@icir.org) Received: from xorpc.icir.org (xorpc.icir.org [192.150.187.68]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0C3B13C467 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 13:56:52 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from rizzo@icir.org) Received: from xorpc.icir.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xorpc.icir.org (8.12.11/8.13.6) with ESMTP id l23DuqFq078350; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 05:56:52 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from rizzo@xorpc.icir.org) Received: (from rizzo@localhost) by xorpc.icir.org (8.12.11/8.12.3/Submit) id l23Duqf9078349; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 05:56:52 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from rizzo) Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 05:56:52 -0800 From: Luigi Rizzo To: AT Matik Message-ID: <20070303055652.A78333@xorpc.icir.org> References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> <200703031044.25001.asstec@matik.com.br> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i In-Reply-To: <200703031044.25001.asstec@matik.com.br>; from asstec@matik.com.br on Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 10:44:24AM -0300 Cc: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 13:56:53 -0000 On Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 10:44:24AM -0300, AT Matik wrote: > On Saturday 03 March 2007 07:56, Luigi Rizzo wrote: > > If you can find a convincing motivation for adding this feature, > > it can be done - it is not hard or inefficient, just don't see > > how it could help. > > I can be interesting limiting the max bw for each interface on a router > machine which has many > > ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any out via $NIC1 > ipfw pipe 1 config $max_BW > > then as usual bw limiting for ips on this interface, example: > > ipfw add pipe 10 ip from any to $subnet out via $NIC1 > ipfw pipe 10 config $cli_BW queue 30 mask dst-ip $mask so what's missing ? you have already given a solution. cheers luigi From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 14:51:37 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6AA0916A405 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 14:51:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from asstec@matik.com.br) Received: from msrv.matik.com.br (msrv.matik.com.br [200.152.83.14]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9D6A13C47E for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 14:51:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from asstec@matik.com.br) Received: from anb (anb.matik.com.br [200.152.83.34]) by msrv.matik.com.br (8.13.8/8.13.1) with ESMTP id l23DiCin014062; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 10:44:12 -0300 (BRT) (envelope-from asstec@matik.com.br) From: AT Matik Organization: Infomatik To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org, Luigi Rizzo Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 10:44:24 -0300 User-Agent: KMail/1.9.4 References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> In-Reply-To: <20070303025618.B76051@xorpc.icir.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Disposition: inline Message-Id: <200703031044.25001.asstec@matik.com.br> X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV version 0.88.4, clamav-milter version 0.88.4 on msrv.matik.com.br X-Virus-Status: Clean Cc: Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 14:51:37 -0000 On Saturday 03 March 2007 07:56, Luigi Rizzo wrote: > If you can find a convincing motivation for adding this feature, > it can be done - it is not hard or inefficient, just don't see > how it could help. I can be interesting limiting the max bw for each interface on a router=20 machine which has many ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any out via $NIC1 ipfw pipe 1 config $max_BW=20 then as usual bw limiting for ips on this interface, example: ipfw add pipe 10 ip from any to $subnet out via $NIC1 ipfw pipe 10 config $cli_BW queue 30 mask dst-ip $mask Jo=E3o A mensagem foi scaneada pelo sistema de e-mail e pode ser considerada segura. Service fornecido pelo Datacenter Matik https://datacenter.matik.com.br From owner-freebsd-ipfw@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Mar 3 15:07:09 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 760E016A400 for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 15:07:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from asstec@matik.com.br) Received: from msrv.matik.com.br (msrv.matik.com.br [200.152.83.14]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF97613C47E for ; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 15:07:08 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from asstec@matik.com.br) Received: from anb (anb.matik.com.br [200.152.83.34]) by msrv.matik.com.br (8.13.8/8.13.1) with ESMTP id l23F6kPv021481; Sat, 3 Mar 2007 12:06:46 -0300 (BRT) (envelope-from asstec@matik.com.br) From: AT Matik Organization: Infomatik To: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org, Luigi Rizzo Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 12:06:58 -0300 User-Agent: KMail/1.9.4 References: <45E8D473.5090808@attglobal.net> <200703031044.25001.asstec@matik.com.br> <20070303055652.A78333@xorpc.icir.org> In-Reply-To: <20070303055652.A78333@xorpc.icir.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Disposition: inline Message-Id: <200703031206.59032.asstec@matik.com.br> X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV version 0.88.4, clamav-milter version 0.88.4 on msrv.matik.com.br X-Virus-Status: Clean Cc: Subject: Re: Dummynet cascade of pipes X-BeenThere: freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: IPFW Technical Discussions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2007 15:07:09 -0000 On Saturday 03 March 2007 10:56, Luigi Rizzo wrote: > On Sat, Mar 03, 2007 at 10:44:24AM -0300, AT Matik wrote: > > On Saturday 03 March 2007 07:56, Luigi Rizzo wrote: > > > If you can find a convincing motivation for adding this feature, > > > it can be done - it is not hard or inefficient, just don't see > > > how it could help. > > > > I can be interesting limiting the max bw for each interface on a router > > machine which has many > > > > ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any out via $NIC1 > > ipfw pipe 1 config $max_BW > > > > then as usual bw limiting for ips on this interface, example: > > > > ipfw add pipe 10 ip from any to $subnet out via $NIC1 > > ipfw pipe 10 config $cli_BW queue 30 mask dst-ip $mask > > so what's missing ? you have already given a solution. > so that is good isn't it? I guess John might be able to use it for his setup Jo=E3o > cheers > luigi > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ipfw > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-ipfw-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > > > > > > > > A mensagem foi scaneada pelo sistema de e-mail e pode ser considerada > segura. Service fornecido pelo Datacenter Matik=20 > https://datacenter.matik.com.br =2D-=20 Atenciosamente, J.M. Respons=E1vel Plant=E3o Site Support Matik Infomatik Internet Technology (18)3551.8155 =A0(18)8112.7007 http://info.matik.com.br A mensagem foi scaneada pelo sistema de e-mail e pode ser considerada segura. Service fornecido pelo Datacenter Matik https://datacenter.matik.com.br