From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Aug 19 10:46:15 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1204F16A469 for ; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 10:46:15 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from pavlos@georgiadis.eu) Received: from mail.georgiadis.eu (mail.georgiadis.eu [82.103.142.124]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E48A13C49D for ; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 10:46:14 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from pavlos@georgiadis.eu) Message-ID: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-UserIsAuth: true X-MessageIsInfected: false Received: from dsl-88-218-2-96.customers.vivodi.gr ([88.218.2.96]) by mail.georgiadis.eu (JAMES SMTP Server 2.3.1) with SMTP ID 911 for ; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 12:31:02 +0200 (CEST) Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2007 13:31:06 +0000 From: Pavlos Georgiadis User-Agent: Thunderbird 2.0.0.6 (X11/20070728) To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2007 10:46:15 -0000 Hello, I have a FreeBSD 6.2 server that get's his IP address from DHCP (although this IP is static). I have also configured 3 more alias IP addresses. My problem is that anytime the DHCP lease is renewed (with the same IP address always), one of the 3 aliases is lost. Is this a bug? Or am I doing something wrong? My setup is as follows: the IP address that the server gets by DHCP is X.X.139.45 rc.conf ifconfig_em0="DHCP" ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet X.X.141.113 netmask 0xfffff000" ifconfig_em0_alias1="inet X.X.142.124 netmask 0xfffff000" ifconfig_em0_alias2="inet X.X.142.128 netmask 0xfffff000" TIA -- Pavlos Georgiadis From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Aug 19 12:16:22 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BCAC916A419 for ; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 12:16:22 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ml@t-b-o-h.net) Received: from vjofn.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com (vjofn-pt.tunnel.tserv1.fmt.ipv6.he.net [IPv6:2001:470:1f00:ffff::5e5]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7BC1B13C480 for ; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 12:16:22 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ml@t-b-o-h.net) Received: from himinbjorg.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com (cpe-68-175-8-11.hvc.res.rr.com [68.175.8.11]) (authenticated bits=0) by vjofn.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com (8.12.9/8.12.9) with ESMTP id l7JCGAt3085050; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 08:16:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from himinbjorg.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com (localhost.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com [127.0.0.1]) by himinbjorg.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com (8.13.8/8.13.6) with ESMTP id l7JCG5iR009240; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 08:16:05 -0400 (EDT) (envelope-from ml@t-b-o-h.net) Received: (from tbohml@localhost) by himinbjorg.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com (8.13.8/8.13.6/Submit) id l7JCG4Lh009239; Sun, 19 Aug 2007 08:16:04 -0400 (EDT) (envelope-from tbohml) From: "Tuc at T-B-O-H.NET" Message-Id: <200708191216.l7JCG4Lh009239@himinbjorg.tucs-beachin-obx-house.com> To: pavlos@georgiadis.eu (Pavlos Georgiadis) Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2007 08:16:04 -0400 (EDT) In-Reply-To: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.5 PL8] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2007 12:16:22 -0000 > > Hello, > > I have a FreeBSD 6.2 server that get's his IP address from DHCP > (although this IP is static). I have also configured 3 more alias IP > addresses. > > My problem is that anytime the DHCP lease is renewed (with the same IP > address always), one of the 3 aliases is lost. > > Is this a bug? Or am I doing something wrong? > > My setup is as follows: > > the IP address that the server gets by DHCP is X.X.139.45 > > rc.conf > ifconfig_em0="DHCP" > ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet X.X.141.113 netmask 0xfffff000" > ifconfig_em0_alias1="inet X.X.142.124 netmask 0xfffff000" > ifconfig_em0_alias2="inet X.X.142.128 netmask 0xfffff000" > > If you know the IP your getting, why not just configure things to be static? Tuc/TBOH From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Aug 20 17:34:52 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4245D16A418 for ; Mon, 20 Aug 2007 17:34:52 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dougb@FreeBSD.org) Received: from mail2.fluidhosting.com (mx22.fluidhosting.com [204.14.89.5]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with SMTP id D410713C46E for ; Mon, 20 Aug 2007 17:34:51 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dougb@FreeBSD.org) Received: (qmail 18405 invoked by uid 399); 20 Aug 2007 17:34:51 -0000 Received: from localhost (HELO slave.dougb.net) (dougb@dougbarton.us@127.0.0.1) by localhost with ESMTP; 20 Aug 2007 17:34:51 -0000 X-Originating-IP: 127.0.0.1 Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2007 10:34:49 -0700 (PDT) From: Doug Barton To: Pavlos Georgiadis In-Reply-To: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> Message-ID: References: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> X-message-flag: Outlook -- Not just for spreading viruses anymore! X-OpenPGP-Key-ID: 0xD5B2F0FB Organization: http://www.FreeBSD.org/ MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; format=flowed; charset=us-ascii Cc: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2007 17:34:52 -0000 FYI, this isn't really a question for -isp, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org would have been a better choice. On Sun, 19 Aug 2007, Pavlos Georgiadis wrote: > Hello, > > I have a FreeBSD 6.2 server that get's his IP address from DHCP > (although this IP is static). I have also configured 3 more alias IP > addresses. > > My problem is that anytime the DHCP lease is renewed (with the same IP > address always), one of the 3 aliases is lost. > > Is this a bug? Or am I doing something wrong? > > My setup is as follows: > > the IP address that the server gets by DHCP is X.X.139.45 > > rc.conf > ifconfig_em0="DHCP" > ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet X.X.141.113 netmask 0xfffff000" > ifconfig_em0_alias1="inet X.X.142.124 netmask 0xfffff000" > ifconfig_em0_alias2="inet X.X.142.128 netmask 0xfffff000" You probably want to do this either in dhclient.conf or in a dhclient-exit-hooks script. Check the man pages to get an idea of how to go about this, and ask on -questions if you need more help. Good luck, Doug -- This .signature sanitized for your protection From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 08:01:14 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0836E16A41A for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:01:14 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: from freesbee.wheel.dk (freesbee.wheel.dk [IPv6:2001:6c8:1:1000::5]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A24713C465 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:01:13 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: by freesbee.wheel.dk (Postfix, from userid 1011) id 3F1EE2E33A; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 10:01:12 +0200 (CEST) Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 10:01:12 +0200 From: Steffen Schumacher To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline X-PGP-Fingerprint: 65A2 111C D142 3A62 8E62 8C9A 3EF2 E98F 8700 F50D X-PGP-Public-Key: http://schumacher.wheel.dk/publickey.pub X-Operating-System: FreeBSD/i386 6.2-STABLE User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.16 (2007-06-09) Subject: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:01:14 -0000 Hi! This may b the wrong list, but you might know the right one.. I'm using the port quagge (zebra spin-off) in order to run bgp off of two freebsd boxes, serving as routers. They receive a default candidate from bgp: a/b. The aim is to configure a static default with a next-hop of a/b. This way the isp doesn't have to announce a 0/0, and I will still have a default pointing the right way. (I'm getting the a/b in from two separate lines for redundancy). My problem is that I can't make the default work. I use 'route default a/b' which actually shows up in 'netstat -rnf inet' but it still doesn't work. I've enclosed a lot of debug output. Can anyone point me in the right direction? Debug output: g3# route add default 195.249.0.0 add net default: gateway 195.249.0.0 g3# netstat -rnf inet Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 195.249.0.0 UGS 0 0 vlan7 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 725 lo0 131.164.191/29 link#10 UC 0 0 vlan7 131.164.191.1 00:12:1e:f0:a0:fe UHLW 2 33782 vlan7 260 131.164.191.2 00:0f:34:62:27:38 UHLW 1 5927 vlan7 1127 131.164.191.3 00:0e:0c:b2:c6:55 UHLW 1 35 lo0 131.164.191.9 192.168.0.2 UGH1 0 981 vlan1 131.164.191.10 131.164.191.10 UH 0 4 lo0 131.164.191.16/29 192.168.0.2 UG1 0 270 vlan1 131.164.191.24 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 1 50 vlan5 => 131.164.191.24/29 link#8 UC 0 0 vlan5 131.164.191.27 00:0e:0c:b2:c6:55 UHLW 1 4 lo0 131.164.191.31 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 1 39 vlan5 192.168.0 link#4 UC 0 0 vlan1 192.168.0.2 00:0e:0c:bd:27:38 UHLW 3 12241 vlan1 1113 192.168.10 link#5 UC 0 0 vlan2 192.168.11 link#4 UC 0 0 vlan1 192.168.20 link#6 UC 0 0 vlan3 192.168.20.2 00:0e:0c:bd:27:38 UHLW 1 508 vlan3 31 192.168.21 link#7 UC 0 0 vlan4 195.249.0/16 131.164.191.1 UG1 1 12 vlan7 and some route lookups: g3# route -vn get 0 u: inet 0.0.0.0; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 168, pid: 0, seq 1, errno 0, flags: locks: inits: sockaddrs: default default route to: default destination: default mask: default gateway: 195.249.0.0 interface: vlan7 flags: recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 0 locks: inits: sockaddrs: default 195.249.0.0 default vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 g3# route -vn get 195.249.0.0 u: inet 195.249.0.0; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 172, pid: 0, seq 1, errno 0, flags: locks: inits: sockaddrs: 195.249.0.0 (0) 0 ffff route to: 195.249.0.0 destination: 195.249.0.0 mask: 255.255.0.0 gateway: 131.164.191.1 interface: vlan7 flags: recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 0 locks: inits: sockaddrs: 195.249.0.0 131.164.191.1 255.255.0.0 vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 g3# route -vn get 131.164.191.1 u: inet 131.164.191.1; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 164, pid: 0, seq 1, errno 0, flags: locks: inits: sockaddrs: 131.164.191.1 route to: 131.164.191.1 destination: 131.164.191.1 interface: vlan7 flags: recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 84 locks: inits: sockaddrs: 131.164.191.1 0.12.1e.f0.a0.fe vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 12:01:01 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 020EE16A473 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:01:01 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tom@tomjudge.com) Received: from s200aog14.obsmtp.com (s200aog14.obsmtp.com [207.126.144.128]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 5A61913C45B for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:01:00 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tom@tomjudge.com) Received: from source ([217.206.187.80]) by eu1sys200aob014.postini.com ([207.126.147.11]) with SMTP; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:00:57 UTC Received: from [10.0.0.89] (bill.mintel.co.uk [10.0.0.89]) by rodney.mintel.co.uk (Postfix) with ESMTP id 015EA181421 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:30:54 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:30:54 +0100 From: Tom Judge User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.12 (X11/20070604) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> In-Reply-To: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:01:01 -0000 Steffen Schumacher wrote: > Hi! > > This may b the wrong list, but you might know the right one.. > > I'm using the port quagge (zebra spin-off) in order to run bgp > off of two freebsd boxes, serving as routers. > They receive a default candidate from bgp: a/b. > The aim is to configure a static default with a next-hop of a/b. > This way the isp doesn't have to announce a 0/0, and I will still > have a default pointing the right way. > (I'm getting the a/b in from two separate lines for redundancy). > > My problem is that I can't make the default work. > I use 'route default a/b' which actually shows up in 'netstat -rnf inet' > but it still doesn't work. > I've enclosed a lot of debug output. > > Can anyone point me in the right direction? > > Debug output: > g3# route add default 195.249.0.0 > add net default: gateway 195.249.0.0 Firstly this address is not a valid host address it is a network address. as shown by the routing entry below. Secondly your default gateway must be on your local network segment to work however 195.249.0/16 is behind the router 131.164.191.1. 195.249.0/16 131.164.191.1 UG1 1 12 vlan7 Perhaps your default gateway should be 131.164.191.1 ?? Tom > g3# netstat -rnf inet > Routing tables > > Internet: > Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire > default 195.249.0.0 UGS 0 0 vlan7 > 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 725 lo0 > 131.164.191/29 link#10 UC 0 0 vlan7 > 131.164.191.1 00:12:1e:f0:a0:fe UHLW 2 33782 vlan7 260 > 131.164.191.2 00:0f:34:62:27:38 UHLW 1 5927 vlan7 1127 > 131.164.191.3 00:0e:0c:b2:c6:55 UHLW 1 35 lo0 > 131.164.191.9 192.168.0.2 UGH1 0 981 vlan1 > 131.164.191.10 131.164.191.10 UH 0 4 lo0 > 131.164.191.16/29 192.168.0.2 UG1 0 270 vlan1 > 131.164.191.24 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 1 50 vlan5 => > 131.164.191.24/29 link#8 UC 0 0 vlan5 > 131.164.191.27 00:0e:0c:b2:c6:55 UHLW 1 4 lo0 > 131.164.191.31 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 1 39 vlan5 > 192.168.0 link#4 UC 0 0 vlan1 > 192.168.0.2 00:0e:0c:bd:27:38 UHLW 3 12241 vlan1 1113 > 192.168.10 link#5 UC 0 0 vlan2 > 192.168.11 link#4 UC 0 0 vlan1 > 192.168.20 link#6 UC 0 0 vlan3 > 192.168.20.2 00:0e:0c:bd:27:38 UHLW 1 508 vlan3 31 > 192.168.21 link#7 UC 0 0 vlan4 > 195.249.0/16 131.164.191.1 UG1 1 12 vlan7 > > and some route lookups: > g3# route -vn get 0 > u: inet 0.0.0.0; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 168, pid: 0, seq 1, errno 0, flags: > locks: inits: > sockaddrs: > default default > route to: default > destination: default > mask: default > gateway: 195.249.0.0 > interface: vlan7 > flags: > recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire > 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 0 > > locks: inits: > sockaddrs: > default 195.249.0.0 default vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 > g3# route -vn get 195.249.0.0 > u: inet 195.249.0.0; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 172, pid: 0, seq 1, errno 0, flags: > locks: inits: > sockaddrs: > 195.249.0.0 (0) 0 ffff > route to: 195.249.0.0 > destination: 195.249.0.0 > mask: 255.255.0.0 > gateway: 131.164.191.1 > interface: vlan7 > flags: > recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire > 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 0 > > locks: inits: > sockaddrs: > 195.249.0.0 131.164.191.1 255.255.0.0 vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 > g3# route -vn get 131.164.191.1 > u: inet 131.164.191.1; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 164, pid: 0, seq 1, errno 0, flags: > locks: inits: > sockaddrs: > 131.164.191.1 > route to: 131.164.191.1 > destination: 131.164.191.1 > interface: vlan7 > flags: > recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire > 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 84 > > locks: inits: > sockaddrs: > 131.164.191.1 0.12.1e.f0.a0.fe vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-isp@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-isp > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-isp-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 12:39:54 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 217D316A41B for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:39:54 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from patel.jack.007@gmail.com) Received: from nz-out-0506.google.com (nz-out-0506.google.com [64.233.162.233]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D53A913C45A for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:39:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from patel.jack.007@gmail.com) Received: by nz-out-0506.google.com with SMTP id l8so83020nzf for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 05:39:53 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:message-id:date:from:to:subject:mime-version:content-type; b=HXExFOTkezFHdFPH9G86Gs78aiLvAibhS1fYlhlkhQaVS3dFeWG1Qx4AEsXq8RlEUrBy2V3oGO13CheuHrRqnerCDWX51ho+zgSZB27PmjjiWIFb1nzDwBKand2HnNueLao9YP61OyZMBMaUddbKKZFfVJZoMGPRuoWAnRjWt70= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:message-id:date:from:to:subject:mime-version:content-type; b=DsyZaJ7wcZN0fDHoz8y9TWW93opKHs/tbSPVIlaDJ81DC29BBHYC3+1QU9KKNyNoNzIwTxLzJY53wHh/vJPjQsNHG+/qsWq1AA7UkFImTxam1gh5yr8kBhdy4Yd4D38UNB1uygedz+r9zPlImppxa/30b1bWrd7urdduMoF+HJc= Received: by 10.114.81.1 with SMTP id e1mr584065wab.1187784757265; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 05:12:37 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.114.47.3 with HTTP; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 05:12:37 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <2c457f7d0708220512t6d837768jbfcafe9824ea27@mail.gmail.com> Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 05:12:37 -0700 From: "jack patel" To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.5 Subject: Get ISP Detail X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:39:54 -0000 I am working on a web project and in that i have to show the location of visitor on the page i want to show information like city,ISP name and county. i searched on net i got many detiail. i got ip2location but it is paid I want to technical detail how programatically i can get name of ISP or get database/list of all the ISPs all over the world Please help From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 12:54:34 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A8E1F16A419 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:54:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: from freesbee.wheel.dk (freesbee.wheel.dk [IPv6:2001:6c8:1:1000::5]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 094AC13C457 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:54:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: by freesbee.wheel.dk (Postfix, from userid 1011) id 0DF952E3A1; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:54:33 +0200 (CEST) Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:54:33 +0200 From: Steffen Schumacher To: Tom Judge Message-ID: <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> Mail-Followup-To: Tom Judge , freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> X-PGP-Fingerprint: 65A2 111C D142 3A62 8E62 8C9A 3EF2 E98F 8700 F50D X-PGP-Public-Key: http://schumacher.wheel.dk/publickey.pub X-Operating-System: FreeBSD/i386 6.2-STABLE User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.16 (2007-06-09) Cc: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:54:34 -0000 On 22.08.2007 12:30:54 +0100, Tom Judge wrote: > Steffen Schumacher wrote: >> Hi! >> This may b the wrong list, but you might know the right one.. >> I'm using the port quagge (zebra spin-off) in order to run bgp >> off of two freebsd boxes, serving as routers. >> They receive a default candidate from bgp: a/b. >> The aim is to configure a static default with a next-hop of a/b. >> This way the isp doesn't have to announce a 0/0, and I will still >> have a default pointing the right way. >> (I'm getting the a/b in from two separate lines for redundancy). >> My problem is that I can't make the default work. >> I use 'route default a/b' which actually shows up in 'netstat -rnf inet' >> but it still doesn't work. >> I've enclosed a lot of debug output. >> Can anyone point me in the right direction? >> Debug output: >> g3# route add default 195.249.0.0 >> add net default: gateway 195.249.0.0 > > Firstly this address is not a valid host address it is a network address. > as shown by the routing entry below. Secondly your default gateway must be > on your local network segment to work however 195.249.0/16 is behind the > router 131.164.191.1. > > 195.249.0/16 131.164.191.1 UG1 1 12 vlan7 > > Perhaps your default gateway should be 131.164.191.1 ?? > Yes - ultimately that should be my gateway, but I want FreeBSD to realize this by looking at the 195.249.0/16 route. The thing is that 195.249.0/16 will also be seen from 131.164.191.2 but with a lower localpref, making 131.164.191.1 the best choice. This way if .1 dies, 195.249.0/16 should be routed towards .2, and ultimately my default should go at .2 also. This is the goal - to make the default move to .2 if .1 is dead, and back when 1. comes back up again. I don't think it matters if I use 195.249.0.0 or 195.249.1.1, since the router receiving the packets will do their own routing lookup. Whats important is only getting the next-hop mac/if for the default route, and that should be available from the 195.249.0/16 route. /Steffen > Tom > >> g3# netstat -rnf inet >> Routing tables >> Internet: >> Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire >> default 195.249.0.0 UGS 0 0 vlan7 >> 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 725 lo0 >> 131.164.191/29 link#10 UC 0 0 vlan7 >> 131.164.191.1 00:12:1e:f0:a0:fe UHLW 2 33782 vlan7 260 >> 131.164.191.2 00:0f:34:62:27:38 UHLW 1 5927 vlan7 1127 >> 131.164.191.3 00:0e:0c:b2:c6:55 UHLW 1 35 lo0 >> 131.164.191.9 192.168.0.2 UGH1 0 981 vlan1 >> 131.164.191.10 131.164.191.10 UH 0 4 lo0 >> 131.164.191.16/29 192.168.0.2 UG1 0 270 vlan1 >> 131.164.191.24 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 1 50 vlan5 => >> 131.164.191.24/29 link#8 UC 0 0 vlan5 >> 131.164.191.27 00:0e:0c:b2:c6:55 UHLW 1 4 lo0 >> 131.164.191.31 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWb 1 39 vlan5 >> 192.168.0 link#4 UC 0 0 vlan1 >> 192.168.0.2 00:0e:0c:bd:27:38 UHLW 3 12241 vlan1 1113 >> 192.168.10 link#5 UC 0 0 vlan2 >> 192.168.11 link#4 UC 0 0 vlan1 >> 192.168.20 link#6 UC 0 0 vlan3 >> 192.168.20.2 00:0e:0c:bd:27:38 UHLW 1 508 vlan3 31 >> 192.168.21 link#7 UC 0 0 vlan4 >> 195.249.0/16 131.164.191.1 UG1 1 12 vlan7 >> and some route lookups: >> g3# route -vn get 0 >> u: inet 0.0.0.0; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 168, pid: 0, seq >> 1, errno 0, flags: >> locks: inits: sockaddrs: >> default default route to: default >> destination: default >> mask: default >> gateway: 195.249.0.0 >> interface: vlan7 >> flags: >> recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu >> expire >> 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 >> 0 locks: inits: sockaddrs: >> default 195.249.0.0 default vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 >> g3# route -vn get 195.249.0.0 >> u: inet 195.249.0.0; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 172, pid: 0, >> seq 1, errno 0, flags: >> locks: inits: sockaddrs: >> 195.249.0.0 (0) 0 ffff route to: 195.249.0.0 >> destination: 195.249.0.0 >> mask: 255.255.0.0 >> gateway: 131.164.191.1 >> interface: vlan7 >> flags: >> recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu >> expire >> 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 >> 0 locks: inits: sockaddrs: >> 195.249.0.0 131.164.191.1 255.255.0.0 vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 >> g3# route -vn get 131.164.191.1 >> u: inet 131.164.191.1; u: link ; RTM_GET: Report Metrics: len 164, pid: 0, >> seq 1, errno 0, flags: >> locks: inits: sockaddrs: >> 131.164.191.1 route to: 131.164.191.1 >> destination: 131.164.191.1 >> interface: vlan7 >> flags: >> recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu >> expire >> 0 0 0 0 0 0 9504 >> 84 locks: inits: sockaddrs: >> 131.164.191.1 0.12.1e.f0.a0.fe vlan7:0.e.c.b2.c6.55 131.164.191.3 >> _______________________________________________ >> freebsd-isp@freebsd.org mailing list >> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-isp >> To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-isp-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-isp@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-isp > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-isp-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 14:03:17 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C9B8B16A417 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:03:17 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from josh@tcbug.org) Received: from conn-smtp.mc.mpls.visi.com (conn.mc.mpls.visi.com [208.42.156.2]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9AFBC13C4E5 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:03:17 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from josh@tcbug.org) Received: from mail.tcbug.org (mail.tcbug.org [208.42.70.163]) by conn-smtp.mc.mpls.visi.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F270814D for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:32:42 -0500 (CDT) Received: by mail.tcbug.org (Postfix, from userid 1001) id DCD7F341C03; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:32:41 -0500 (CDT) Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:32:41 -0500 From: Josh Paetzel To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="d5L/0NH1d7AMGItx" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list Reply-To: Josh Paetzel List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:03:17 -0000 --d5L/0NH1d7AMGItx Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Steffen Schumacher wrote: > On 22.08.2007 12:30:54 +0100, Tom Judge wrote: > > Steffen Schumacher wrote: > >=20 > > Firstly this address is not a valid host address it is a network addres= s.=20 > > as shown by the routing entry below. Secondly your default gateway mus= t be=20 > > on your local network segment to work however 195.249.0/16 is behind th= e=20 > > router 131.164.191.1. > >=20 > > 195.249.0/16 131.164.191.1 UG1 1 12 vlan7 > >=20 > > Perhaps your default gateway should be 131.164.191.1 ?? > > >=20 > Yes - ultimately that should be my gateway, but I want FreeBSD to realize > this by looking at the 195.249.0/16 route. > The thing is that 195.249.0/16 will also be seen from 131.164.191.2 but w= ith > a lower localpref, making 131.164.191.1 the best choice. This way if .1 d= ies, > 195.249.0/16 should be routed towards .2, and ultimately my default shoul= d go > at .2 also. > This is the goal - to make the default move to .2 if .1 is dead, and back= when > 1. comes back up again. >=20 > I don't think it matters if I use 195.249.0.0 or 195.249.1.1, since the r= outer > receiving the packets will do their own routing lookup. Whats important i= s only > getting the next-hop mac/if for the default route, and that should be ava= ilable > from the 195.249.0/16 route. >=20 > /Steffen=20 "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means." In FreeBSD the default route is a directly connected host that it can send packets to that it doesn't have a specific route to. It's not going to 'figure out' a default route from a network address. There are a lot of hacks people use to get around this, some of the are of the 'ping this ip periodically and if it goes away swap the default route' nature. You could also investigate running CARP/HSRP/VRRP/GLBP on these two gatewa= ys=20 so they can sit on the same IP, thus obliviating the need to change the default route at all. I've never actually tried getting FBSD to grap it's own routing information from a routing protocol but it's possible you could go down that route as well... --=20 Thanks, Josh Paetzel --d5L/0NH1d7AMGItx Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v2.0.3 (FreeBSD) iD8DBQFGzDr5JvkB8SevrssRAjR8AJ45G247dD/SgoltC+ovsO112H52zQCePO1r gciAbkLm/TQetbmPwC1wNFQ= =6J/Y -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --d5L/0NH1d7AMGItx-- From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 14:17:32 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BCA5816A475 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:17:32 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: from freesbee.wheel.dk (freesbee.wheel.dk [IPv6:2001:6c8:1:1000::5]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 126F113C468 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:17:31 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: by freesbee.wheel.dk (Postfix, from userid 1011) id DD1892E3AC; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:17:30 +0200 (CEST) Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:17:30 +0200 From: Steffen Schumacher To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20070822141730.GA66643@schumacher.dk> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> X-PGP-Fingerprint: 65A2 111C D142 3A62 8E62 8C9A 3EF2 E98F 8700 F50D X-PGP-Public-Key: http://schumacher.wheel.dk/publickey.pub X-Operating-System: FreeBSD/i386 6.2-STABLE User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.16 (2007-06-09) Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:17:32 -0000 On 22.08.2007 08:32:41 -0500, Josh Paetzel wrote: > Steffen Schumacher wrote: > > On 22.08.2007 12:30:54 +0100, Tom Judge wrote: > > > Steffen Schumacher wrote: > > > [cut..] > > > > /Steffen > > "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it > means." > > In FreeBSD the default route is a directly connected host that it can > send packets to that it doesn't have a specific route to. It's not > going to 'figure out' a default route from a network address. > Thats how it seems to work at any rate. > There are a lot of hacks people use to get around this, some of the > are of the 'ping this ip periodically and if it goes away swap the > default route' nature. > This is definately in the 'hack' category. > You could also investigate running CARP/HSRP/VRRP/GLBP on these two gateways > so they can sit on the same IP, thus obliviating the need to change > the default route at all. > I can only run such protocols in my own end. 131.164.191.1+.2 are two PE routers owned by my ISP. They will only run bgp with the default candidate setup as described. > I've never actually tried getting FBSD to grap it's own routing > information from a routing protocol but it's possible you could go > down that route as well... > On a Cisco router this way actually works, but that doesn't help me a lot. I've borrowed a small CPE from Juniper, so I'll try to see if thats able to do it. Its also based on FreeBSD, so.. /Steffen > -- > Thanks, > > Josh Paetzel From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 14:35:14 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D33A16A417 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:35:14 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: from freesbee.wheel.dk (freesbee.wheel.dk [IPv6:2001:6c8:1:1000::5]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 16AD813C45B for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:35:14 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ssch@wheel.dk) Received: by freesbee.wheel.dk (Postfix, from userid 1011) id 1F6DD2E426; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:35:13 +0200 (CEST) Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:35:13 +0200 From: Steffen Schumacher To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20070822143513.GB66643@schumacher.dk> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> X-PGP-Fingerprint: 65A2 111C D142 3A62 8E62 8C9A 3EF2 E98F 8700 F50D X-PGP-Public-Key: http://schumacher.wheel.dk/publickey.pub X-Operating-System: FreeBSD/i386 6.2-STABLE User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.16 (2007-06-09) Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 14:35:14 -0000 On 22.08.2007 08:32:41 -0500, Josh Paetzel wrote: > Steffen Schumacher wrote: > > On 22.08.2007 12:30:54 +0100, Tom Judge wrote: > > > Steffen Schumacher wrote: > > > [cut..] > > /Steffen > > "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it > means." > > In FreeBSD the default route is a directly connected host that it can > send packets to that it doesn't have a specific route to. It's not > going to 'figure out' a default route from a network address. > Ok, I'll try to elaborate what it is I'd like: For each route a 'router' must have some next-hop information, so that it knows how to forward traffic for that prefix. Typically the interface, and possibly a layer2 address (mac for ethernet) if such exist. Normally (virtually all the time) static routes are directed at connected hosts, just as you explain. This way it is simple to get the next-hop info, because it is the same as for that connected host. What I would like is for the router to realize the configured next-hop isn't a directly connected host, and as a result attempt to lookup that host to see if we have a route for the next-hop address. If we do, then we use the next-hop information from this second lookup and use the next-hop information for the original route. This is what I mean with recursive route lookups. 1. normal lookup 0/0 -> x. x/30 -> fxp0. => 0/0 -> mac of x via fxp0. 2. recursive lookup 0/0 -> y. y/16 -> x/30. x/30 -> fxp0. => 0/0 -> mac of x via fxp0. Hope this clarifies, but it does seem there is very little support for this. Does anyone know the whereabouts of this in the FreeBSD code? /Steffen > There are a lot of hacks people use to get around this, some of the > are of the 'ping this ip periodically and if it goes away swap the > default route' nature. > > You could also investigate running CARP/HSRP/VRRP/GLBP on these two gateways > so they can sit on the same IP, thus obliviating the need to change > the default route at all. > > I've never actually tried getting FBSD to grap it's own routing > information from a routing protocol but it's possible you could go > down that route as well... > > -- > Thanks, > > Josh Paetzel From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 15:12:23 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9CE1116A469 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 15:12:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from brdbrd@gmail.com) Received: from wa-out-1112.google.com (wa-out-1112.google.com [209.85.146.182]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 72BF113C45A for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 15:12:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from brdbrd@gmail.com) Received: by wa-out-1112.google.com with SMTP id k17so234843waf for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:12:22 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:message-id:date:from:sender:to:subject:in-reply-to:mime-version:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:content-disposition:references:x-google-sender-auth; b=LyIgUnU+n0AOx93YvPqH+3yrVq8a5Qpl4CW27RZNn9DWMgZEA5bdH8EDkqG4DgNxW1+Dz7gpUMziVRiHm7+3dP84gtX86gLhZpLXoiMb2pzosoaskTj1aI96gB96Mr9+E4wcYtUYVlLlQUhj65kwXvpwea1+NLWiI75oRY9A6G0= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:message-id:date:from:sender:to:subject:in-reply-to:mime-version:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:content-disposition:references:x-google-sender-auth; b=c/+zcWfOyNvhjLTxRbfDCFM81F7RJ5WlTnyUUwjOTB24GMsUV8MZuK0GnBqD1P7MUSPH54GMvjsjoPYFWb75Yc+fH5mDuYvgL0yvQDlQ74ZBgSpwWunkPlwucyyfLMkUCffSp7z97DB8RdonoJRtW1jQ/pMfgGPft6iINw9exvk= Received: by 10.115.90.1 with SMTP id s1mr805513wal.1187794065713; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 07:47:45 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.114.76.7 with HTTP; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 07:47:45 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <35ffa5710708220747x63bb3951v57472d20f4356f3d@mail.gmail.com> Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 08:47:45 -0600 From: "Brad Davis" Sender: brdbrd@gmail.com To: "jack patel" , freebsd-isp@freebsd.org In-Reply-To: <2c457f7d0708220512t6d837768jbfcafe9824ea27@mail.gmail.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline References: <2c457f7d0708220512t6d837768jbfcafe9824ea27@mail.gmail.com> X-Google-Sender-Auth: 648b17b1cfb2e3bf Cc: Subject: Re: Get ISP Detail X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 15:12:23 -0000 On 8/22/07, jack patel wrote: > I am working on a web project and in that i have to show the location > of visitor on the page > > i want to show information like city,ISP name and county. > > i searched on net i got many detiail. > > i got ip2location but it is paid > > I want to technical detail how programatically i can get name of ISP > or get database/list of all the ISPs all over the world > > Please help Hi Jack, In the ports collection you will find a program called GeoIP. Regards, Brad Davis From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Aug 22 16:10:11 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BCCC916A419 for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:10:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cmarlatt@rxsec.com) Received: from core.rxsec.com (core.rxsec.com [64.132.46.102]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 54B2613C46C for ; Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:10:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cmarlatt@rxsec.com) Received: (qmail 62611 invoked by uid 2009); 22 Aug 2007 15:39:33 -0000 Received: from 10.1.0.101 by core.rxsec.com (envelope-from , uid 2008) with qmail-scanner-1.25-st-qms (clamdscan: 0.86.2/1102. spamassassin: 3.0.4. perlscan: 1.25-st-qms. Clear:RC:0(10.1.0.101):SA:0(-4.4/5.0):. Processed in 1.49508 secs); 22 Aug 2007 15:39:33 -0000 X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-4.4 required=5.0 X-Antivirus-RXSEC-Mail-From: cmarlatt@rxsec.com via core.rxsec.com X-Antivirus-RXSEC: 1.25-st-qms (Clear:RC:0(10.1.0.101):SA:0(-4.4/5.0):. Processed in 1.49508 secs Process 62594) Received: from unknown (HELO ?10.1.0.101?) (cmarlatt@rxsec.com@10.1.0.101) by core.rxsec.com with SMTP; 22 Aug 2007 15:39:31 -0000 Message-ID: <46CC5999.4080102@rxsec.com> Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 11:43:21 -0400 From: Chris Marlatt Organization: Receive Security User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.12 (X11/20070604) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> In-Reply-To: <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 16:10:11 -0000 Josh Paetzel wrote: > I've never actually tried getting FBSD to grap it's own routing > information from a routing protocol but it's possible you could go > down that route as well... > OSPF wouldn't be a bad choice here. You could even do ECMP if needed. Once the ospf adjacency is setup (and assuming its a DR or BDR) it will route everything out that interface even without a default gateway. OSPF will populate the FreeBSD routing table with the appropriate information. For redundancy, if the link goes down it will automatically fail over and if there's a software problem or similar on the other end the ospf timeouts should kick in and start routing via the other DR or through the BDR. Regards, Chris From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Aug 24 12:48:34 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1E1116A418 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 12:48:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from buki@dev.null.cz) Received: from dev.null.cz (null-gts.ptp-v6.cz.net [IPv6:2001:af0::1:0:d]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1563013C483 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 12:48:33 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from buki@dev.null.cz) Received: from dev.null.cz (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by dev.null.cz (8.13.1/8.13.1) with ESMTP id l7OCmQib095679 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO) for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:48:31 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from buki@dev.null.cz) Received: (from buki@localhost) by dev.null.cz (8.13.1/8.13.1/Submit) id l7OCmQRl095678 for freebsd-isp@freebsd.org; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:48:26 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from buki) Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:48:26 +0200 From: Buki To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20070824124826.GZ378@dev.null.cz> References: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="ecKHkrog8duCxGt3" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.13 (2006-08-11) Subject: Re: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 12:48:34 -0000 --ecKHkrog8duCxGt3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Mon, Aug 20, 2007 at 10:34:49AM -0700, Doug Barton wrote: > FYI, this isn't really a question for -isp, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org= =20 > would have been a better choice. >=20 > On Sun, 19 Aug 2007, Pavlos Georgiadis wrote: >=20 > >Hello, > > > >I have a FreeBSD 6.2 server that get's his IP address from DHCP > >(although this IP is static). I have also configured 3 more alias IP > >addresses. > > > >My problem is that anytime the DHCP lease is renewed (with the same IP > >address always), one of the 3 aliases is lost. > > > >Is this a bug? Or am I doing something wrong? > > > >My setup is as follows: > > > >the IP address that the server gets by DHCP is X.X.139.45 > > > >rc.conf > >ifconfig_em0=3D"DHCP" > >ifconfig_em0_alias0=3D"inet X.X.141.113 netmask 0xfffff000" > >ifconfig_em0_alias1=3D"inet X.X.142.124 netmask 0xfffff000" > >ifconfig_em0_alias2=3D"inet X.X.142.128 netmask 0xfffff000" >=20 > You probably want to do this either in dhclient.conf or in a=20 > dhclient-exit-hooks script. Check the man pages to get an idea of how to= =20 > go about this, and ask on -questions if you need more help. Also, aliased Ip addresses must be configured with netmask /32 > Good luck, >=20 > Doug >=20 > --=20 >=20 > This .signature sanitized for your protection Buki --=20 PGP public key: http://dev.null.cz/buki.asc /"\ \ / ASCII Ribbon Campaign X Against HTML & Outlook Mail / \ http://www.thebackrow.net --ecKHkrog8duCxGt3 Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.6 (FreeBSD) iD8DBQFGztOaPzhIkpLLm08RAqocAJ9HvwEOyTs1PHTN+GtKuKs2X1sQiQCdGVDJ WFYUvy0l5FvDIXoN98ge/gs= =oPvx -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --ecKHkrog8duCxGt3-- From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Aug 24 13:12:42 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD14A16A420 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:12:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tom@tomjudge.com) Received: from s200aog10.obsmtp.com (s200aog10.obsmtp.com [207.126.144.124]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 57BE613C47E for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:12:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tom@tomjudge.com) Received: from source ([217.206.187.80]) by eu1sys200aob010.postini.com ([207.126.147.11]) with SMTP; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:11:59 UTC Received: from [10.0.0.89] (bill.mintel.co.uk [10.0.0.89]) by rodney.mintel.co.uk (Postfix) with ESMTP id 214D0181427; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:11:59 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <46CED91E.2060602@tomjudge.com> Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:11:58 +0100 From: Tom Judge User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.12 (X11/20070604) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Buki References: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> <20070824124826.GZ378@dev.null.cz> In-Reply-To: <20070824124826.GZ378@dev.null.cz> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:12:42 -0000 Buki wrote: > On Mon, Aug 20, 2007 at 10:34:49AM -0700, Doug Barton wrote: >> FYI, this isn't really a question for -isp, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org >> would have been a better choice. >> >> On Sun, 19 Aug 2007, Pavlos Georgiadis wrote: >> >>> Hello, >>> >>> I have a FreeBSD 6.2 server that get's his IP address from DHCP >>> (although this IP is static). I have also configured 3 more alias IP >>> addresses. >>> >>> My problem is that anytime the DHCP lease is renewed (with the same IP >>> address always), one of the 3 aliases is lost. >>> >>> Is this a bug? Or am I doing something wrong? >>> >>> My setup is as follows: >>> >>> the IP address that the server gets by DHCP is X.X.139.45 >>> >>> rc.conf >>> ifconfig_em0="DHCP" >>> ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet X.X.141.113 netmask 0xfffff000" >>> ifconfig_em0_alias1="inet X.X.142.124 netmask 0xfffff000" >>> ifconfig_em0_alias2="inet X.X.142.128 netmask 0xfffff000" >> You probably want to do this either in dhclient.conf or in a >> dhclient-exit-hooks script. Check the man pages to get an idea of how to >> go about this, and ask on -questions if you need more help. > > Also, aliased Ip addresses must be configured with netmask /32 > This is only true if the IP aliases are in the same network as the first IP address. The following would be a valid configuration: ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.0.1/24" ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet 192.168.0.2/32" ifconfig_em0_alias1="inet 192.168.1.1/24" ifconfig_em0_alias2="inet 192.168.1.2/32" Tom >> Good luck, >> >> Doug >> >> -- >> >> This .signature sanitized for your protection > > Buki From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Aug 24 13:22:42 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A2D6016A418 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:22:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from buki@dev.null.cz) Received: from dev.null.cz (null-gts.ptp-v6.cz.net [IPv6:2001:af0::1:0:d]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1475113C4A8 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:22:41 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from buki@dev.null.cz) Received: from dev.null.cz (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by dev.null.cz (8.13.1/8.13.1) with ESMTP id l7ODMZiY099539 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO) for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 15:22:40 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from buki@dev.null.cz) Received: (from buki@localhost) by dev.null.cz (8.13.1/8.13.1/Submit) id l7ODMZ8i099538 for freebsd-isp@freebsd.org; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 15:22:35 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from buki) Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 15:22:35 +0200 From: Buki To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20070824132235.GB378@dev.null.cz> References: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> <20070824124826.GZ378@dev.null.cz> <46CED91E.2060602@tomjudge.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="TtVnplxfhbQQzL6S" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <46CED91E.2060602@tomjudge.com> User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.13 (2006-08-11) Subject: Re: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 13:22:42 -0000 --TtVnplxfhbQQzL6S Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Fri, Aug 24, 2007 at 02:11:58PM +0100, Tom Judge wrote: > Buki wrote: [snip] > > > >Also, aliased Ip addresses must be configured with netmask /32 > > >=20 > This is only true if the IP aliases are in the same network as the first= =20 > IP address. The following would be a valid configuration: >=20 > ifconfig_em0=3D"inet 192.168.0.1/24" > ifconfig_em0_alias0=3D"inet 192.168.0.2/32" > ifconfig_em0_alias1=3D"inet 192.168.1.1/24" > ifconfig_em0_alias2=3D"inet 192.168.1.2/32" yeah, after sending the mail I immediately thought of that scenario, but then again, from the original poster I got the idea the aliases were on the same network as the DHCP-assigned address > Tom Buki --=20 PGP public key: http://dev.null.cz/buki.asc /"\ \ / ASCII Ribbon Campaign X Against HTML & Outlook Mail / \ http://www.thebackrow.net --TtVnplxfhbQQzL6S Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.6 (FreeBSD) iD8DBQFGztubPzhIkpLLm08RAhfrAJ0RIjSYBoPOuQIFFtIhtQfbeqOGwwCgsdKL V6RpWRArpBRU4/6KO5aCEyA= =GyEk -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --TtVnplxfhbQQzL6S-- From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Aug 24 14:03:01 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08BA516A419 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:03:01 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tom@tomjudge.com) Received: from s200aog10.obsmtp.com (s200aog10.obsmtp.com [207.126.144.124]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 0857E13C459 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:02:54 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tom@tomjudge.com) Received: from source ([217.206.187.80]) by eu1sys200aob010.postini.com ([207.126.147.11]) with SMTP; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:02:51 UTC Received: from [10.0.0.89] (bill.mintel.co.uk [10.0.0.89]) by rodney.mintel.co.uk (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0D4B18141E; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 15:02:51 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <46CEE50B.3040107@tomjudge.com> Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 15:02:51 +0100 From: Tom Judge User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.12 (X11/20070604) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Buki References: <1571172802.401187519463481.JavaMail.root@leda.georgiadis.eu> <20070824124826.GZ378@dev.null.cz> <46CED91E.2060602@tomjudge.com> <20070824132235.GB378@dev.null.cz> In-Reply-To: <20070824132235.GB378@dev.null.cz> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Cc: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Loosing alias IPs X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:03:01 -0000 Buki wrote: > On Fri, Aug 24, 2007 at 02:11:58PM +0100, Tom Judge wrote: >> Buki wrote: > > [snip] > >>> Also, aliased Ip addresses must be configured with netmask /32 >>> >> This is only true if the IP aliases are in the same network as the first >> IP address. The following would be a valid configuration: >> >> ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.0.1/24" >> ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet 192.168.0.2/32" >> ifconfig_em0_alias1="inet 192.168.1.1/24" >> ifconfig_em0_alias2="inet 192.168.1.2/32" > > yeah, after sending the mail I immediately thought of that scenario, but > then again, from the original poster I got the idea the aliases were on > the same network as the DHCP-assigned address > > > Buki In the original post all the masks should be /32 this is correct, however I just wanted to clear up for the archives that this is not always true. Tom From owner-freebsd-isp@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Aug 24 21:42:37 2007 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:4f8:fff6::34]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F280F16A417 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 21:42:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from netslists@gmail.com) Received: from fk-out-0910.google.com (fk-out-0910.google.com [209.85.128.184]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85D4C13C457 for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 21:42:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from netslists@gmail.com) Received: by fk-out-0910.google.com with SMTP id b27so923652fka for ; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:42:35 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:message-id:date:from:user-agent:mime-version:to:subject:references:in-reply-to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding; b=BY9xRZdjXYOmWyF98fqAkqfEwa9sjqGcwCol6Lw6w817YQYc+LTO8Fe0aFR31YIDsxMKyWBTzwEqeKlL++Dp+52A6E0zVTkySsI6pmyGbWTmr8MhciZq88h0hzTEI66Xg1jtt0nIdnuhFSzqziJtA1ZvLdhLUXB4tyFjpu/E768= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:message-id:date:from:user-agent:mime-version:to:subject:references:in-reply-to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding; b=oyKRFxztdT2dzQv+L1Cl7QD8lHjgDyXQjw9XcbH+5SKsSoXo5LBTvV1XPHSeLDhAUt2xSZbiJ78W333CXT1g0zNmwPRBUsUyTEwsizvtggjektM+yF1wTmyKwWHZbgBA8j8zPO1DAWYdmdbl35ggSnTrSV8nu3DRMQksX7j+Wi8= Received: by 10.82.178.11 with SMTP id a11mr6552420buf.1187990192987; Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:16:32 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ?192.168.17.8? ( [91.135.49.237]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id d26sm2034863nfh.2007.08.24.14.16.31 (version=SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Fri, 24 Aug 2007 14:16:31 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <46CF4AA9.6020803@gmail.com> Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 23:16:25 +0200 From: Sten Daniel Soersdal User-Agent: Thunderbird 2.0.0.6 (Windows/20070728) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org References: <20070822080112.GA58627@schumacher.dk> <46CC1E6E.9080701@tomjudge.com> <20070822125432.GB58627@schumacher.dk> <20070822133241.GB83613@tcbug.org> <20070822143513.GB66643@schumacher.dk> In-Reply-To: <20070822143513.GB66643@schumacher.dk> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Re: Using FreeBSD as a router X-BeenThere: freebsd-isp@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: Internet Services Providers List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 21:42:37 -0000 Steffen Schumacher wrote: > On 22.08.2007 08:32:41 -0500, Josh Paetzel wrote: >> Steffen Schumacher wrote: >>> On 22.08.2007 12:30:54 +0100, Tom Judge wrote: >>>> Steffen Schumacher wrote: >>>> > [cut..] >>> /Steffen >> "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it >> means." >> >> In FreeBSD the default route is a directly connected host that it can >> send packets to that it doesn't have a specific route to. It's not >> going to 'figure out' a default route from a network address. >> > Ok, I'll try to elaborate what it is I'd like: > For each route a 'router' must have some next-hop information, so that > it knows how to forward traffic for that prefix. Typically the interface, > and possibly a layer2 address (mac for ethernet) if such exist. > Normally (virtually all the time) static routes are directed at connected > hosts, just as you explain. This way it is simple to get the next-hop > info, because it is the same as for that connected host. > > What I would like is for the router to realize the configured next-hop > isn't a directly connected host, and as a result attempt to lookup that > host to see if we have a route for the next-hop address. If we do, then > we use the next-hop information from this second lookup and use the > next-hop information for the original route. > This is what I mean with recursive route lookups. > > 1. normal lookup > 0/0 -> x. > x/30 -> fxp0. > => 0/0 -> mac of x via fxp0. > > 2. recursive lookup > 0/0 -> y. > y/16 -> x/30. > x/30 -> fxp0. > => 0/0 -> mac of x via fxp0. > > Hope this clarifies, but it does seem there is very little support for this. > Does anyone know the whereabouts of this in the FreeBSD code? > I don't think freebsd supports recursive routes but it's been too long since i tried and that may no longer apply. I think i read a discussion on one of the lists (possibly -net) that such functionality should be performed by a routing daemon and not by the kernel. Maybe you could find the clues in the archives? -- Sten Daniel Soersdal