From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Dec 1 08:37:35 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 2864AE1B; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 08:37:35 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 123E217E1; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 08:37:35 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB18bZNK048866; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 08:37:35 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from pgj@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id rB18bYBD048864; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 08:37:34 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312010837.rB18bYBD048864@svn.freebsd.org> From: Gabor Pali Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2013 08:37:34 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43269 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.16 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 01 Dec 2013 08:37:35 -0000 Author: pgj Date: Sun Dec 1 08:37:34 2013 New Revision: 43269 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43269 Log: - Import an initial version for the EuroBSDcon 2013 Developer Summit Special Report Reviewed by: bcr, erwin, grehan, hselasky, Matthew Ahrens Added: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml (contents, props changed) Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/Makefile Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/Makefile ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/Makefile Sat Nov 30 18:31:04 2013 (r43268) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/Makefile Sun Dec 1 08:37:34 2013 (r43269) @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ XMLDOCS+= report-2013-01-2013-03 XMLDOCS+= report-2013-04-2013-06 XMLDOCS+= report-2013-05-devsummit XMLDOCS+= report-2013-07-2013-09 +XMLDOCS+= report-2013-09-devsummit XSLT.DEFAULT= report.xsl Added: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Sun Dec 1 08:37:34 2013 (r43269) @@ -0,0 +1,915 @@ + + + + + + September + 2013 + + +
+ EuroBSDcon 2013 Developer Summit Special Status Report + +

This special status report contains a summary of the discussions + from the various working groups at the EuroBSDcon 2013 Developer + Summit. The &os; Project organizes developer summits at various + events, typically at the major BSD conferences, so that developers + can meet and discuss matters in person.

+
+ + + Toolchain and Build Systems + + + + + Brooks + Davis + + brooks@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + Notes + Cambridge notes + Roadmap + + + +

The discussions on toolchains and build systems happened in + Malta has started a month earlier in Cambridge. There, the main + themes were source code analysis, the status of replacing GCC, + and a discussion of packaging the base system. Notes on these + and other topics can be found on the session page on the + wiki.

+ +

Source code analysis took several directions. We discussed + adding annotations to the source tree to support various advanced + analysis tools. There was general agreement that this has some + downsides if they get out of date, but that it is useful so long + as the annotations are verified. Most proposed annotation + require some sort of LLVM support so we discussed the process of + integrating LLVM analysis into the build framework. We also + discussed the idea of running various analysis tools as part of + the tinderbox framework.

+ +

In the context of replacing GCC we discussed David Chisnall's + plan to stop building GCC and libstdc++ on systems where + Clang is the default compiler (this has happened). Further, we + plan to migrate all existing platforms to Clang or an external + GCC by 11. External toolchain support currently works with + Clang, but not GCC.

+ +

Finally, Baptiste Daroussin discussed his proposal to package + base with packages as a replacement for the current tarballed + distributions. Once this is done, it is possible to do the tasks + freebsd-update(8) does including upgrades and detecting + changed files in a more operating-friendly way. Using + pkg(8) as a replacement for freebsd-update(8) + is not a general solution yet as package signing and delta + support is required to make it viable.

+ +

In Malta we covered two main topics. The overall status of + non-permissively licensed (GPL-licensed) software in the base + system and a detailed discussion of the status of external + toolchain support. We also decided that a future meeting should + discuss making incremental builds practical and that we should + run a working group specifically on the kernel build system at a + future conference.

+ +

About half the meeting was consumed by a detailed walkthrough + of the GPLinBase wiki page (see links). A number of + areas need modest amounts of work and binutils + replacement needs quite a bit. In practice, we believe we have + most of the required pieces in either the ELF Toolchain project + or LLVM, but the work of identifying pieces and testing them + with base and ports will take some time.

+ +

We then discussed the status of Warner Losh's work on adding + support for GCC to the external toolchain infrastructure and on + upstreaming patches to GCC. Fortunately, the majority of our + changes to GCC in base are x86 modernization which is no longer + required in new releases. In practice, we have about 2000 lines + of changes that should be merged and a few hundred more we + should add to cross toolchain ports. In addition to creating a + modern cross GCC, the external toolchain support needs work due + to differences in support for -B and possibly + --sysroot between Clang and GCC. Further discussions + of external toolchain support occurred in the Embedded + session.

+ + + + + Documentation + + + + + Benedict + Reuschling + + bcr@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + + + +

We wanted to try something new this year, so instead of doing a + lot of talk, we focused on doing actual work, and fixing PRs in + collaboration with the attendees who participated the working + group. It turned out that it did not work so well, because we + had a lot of things to discuss, but some issues were fixed + eventually.

+ +

There was a huge demand for a new webpage: it has to be more + modern to catch up with the recent trends. It should provide + dynamic content like blogrolls, twitter feeds, etc. Currently, + the problem is that the web site lacks many basic + functionalities, such as the search option is not working + properly. Isabelle Long has been working on integrating the + DuckDuckGo search engine into the web site, and she will + hopefully commit the necessary changes soon. There are other + problems, for example, there is no link to the &os; Forums, + while they have established themselves as another support option + for users.

+ +

Then the representatives of the &os; Foundation joined our + group and showed us what they have been working on. They showed + a design proposal for their website. Their suggestion is to + make the &os; Foundation website look similar to the &os; + Project website, so these pages could be connected visually. + Judging from the fancy proposal they have shown us, it will + probably take a lot of infrastructural work to make our website + look closely to the Foundation's. As a result, we agreed to + form a team for the new website, assembled from Project members + internally, to ensure that the new design satisfies expectations + from all sides, e.g. administration, functionality, security, + and so on.

+ +

Another thing that we have talked about was the on-going print + edition work of the &os; Handbook. We have promised to complete + the effort by BSDCan this year, but apparently we could not make + it in time. Dru Lavigne went through the whole Handbook and + identified many problems to solve (outdated content, unrelated + sections, etc.) in order to have a really good content ready for + the printed edition. We need more content and reviewers, so if + you are looking through the Handbook and meet an outdated + section, please contact the Documentation Team. You do not have + to send patches right away, it is enough to provide a few + sentences or a paragraph only to improve or add the description + for the given system functionality. The Documentation Team will + then take care of putting them in the Handbook or the relevant + documents.

+ +

We also discussed the idea of having maintainers assigned to + specific sections and chapters of the Handbook, similarly to the + policy implemented in the Ports Collection, so users and related + PRs can be forwarded to them, and the maintainers take care of + keeping those areas in the documentation up-to-date. The goal + is to reduce the overall workload on the Documentation Team.

+ +

Finally, it was mentioned at the vendor group that we want to + revamp our actual workflow for translating documents. We are + currently doing the translation work by using a standard editor + translating sentence by sentence, which is tedious. In addition + to that, most of the translator teams are really small, so it is + hard for them to catch up with the changes in the English + documents and they become outdated quickly. We have briefly + talked with Gavin Atkinson about removing really outdated + documentation from the doc tree, like the ones who are + still reflecting &os; 5.x or so. In summary, the main + objective is to have a system that helps keeping track of + translations, like the PC-BSD developers are doing: we are aware + that Kris Moore has written some scripts to extend the standard + tools like Pootle to improve their efficiency. It would be a + huge win to see how many sentences are already translated, how + many are left to translate, how many of them could be reused + using such a system. Another benefit of these systems is that + they can provide an interface for casual contributors to provide + translations which can be then checked and committed by the + documentation developers.

+ + + + + Desktop + + + + + Kris + Moore + + kmoore@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + + + +

In the Desktop working group, Kris Moore summarized the changes + made over the last few months in the world of PC-BSD. Builds + based on the freshly released 9.2-RELEASE are in + progress, and future builds based on 10-STABLE are + coming soon. The plan there is to track the 10-STABLE + branch until it becomes 11-STABLE. Kris also described + the rolling release model they have been switched to. + This approach leverages freebsd-update(8) to provide + rolling updates for the base system (that is, the kernel and the + userland utilities) and in parallel with that, pkg(8) + is employed for the packages, especially for the desktop + applications. It was also reported that the PC-BSD staff has + improved the ZFS integration of their tools, including the + installer. Another highlight of the upcoming PC-BSD releases is + that they will include Gleb Kurtsou's PEFS that provides user + encryption of user home directories with PAM-based + authention.

+ +

Next, the current in-progress items were reported and + discussed. The sysutils/pcbsd-utils and + sysutils/pcbsd-utils-qt4 ports have been recently added + to the ports tree that contain all PC-BSD developed tools and + utilities, where the former features the command-line and the + latter features the GUI-enabled versions of the corresponding + programs. The PC-BSD developers have been also working on a + life-preserver ZFS command-line and GUI utility, which is + still in heavy development. The purpose of this tools to + leverage ZFS for snapshot and replication functionality as a + backup solution.

+ +

Finally, the plans for PC-BSD 10 was summarized. The PBI + package format that PC-BSD employs in now under revision and + will be updated to use pkg(8) repository to build PBIs, + provide better integration for server PBIs. As part of this + effort, it will be also investigated whether it is possible to + run PBIs without actual installation. pc-sysinstall + will have a text-based front-end. This is going to be basic at + first, but later it will provide a command-line interface to do + installation with the pc-sysinstall backend.

+ + + + + Virtualization + + + + + Peter + Grehan + + grehan@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + Notes + + + +

In the virtualization working group, Peter Grehan gave a usual + status report. In &os; 10, a lot of pieces of work have + been going on for the last two years, so we are slowly getting + the guest support of Xen, PHVM, Hyper-V drivers, and + bhyve(4) into 10.0-RELEASE. We talked about little bit + about bhyve(4) memory overcommit work that Neel + has been doing for a quite long time, but we are hoping that it + will get into 10 as well. It gives much better integration with + management of guest memory, with the &os; Virtual Memory + subsystem, so we can actually page guest memory to swap. Some + of the future directions for the bhyve(4) work has been + also discussed: we want to shift away from the user-space boot + loader, and use the BSD-licensed UEFI code from Intel as a boot + ROM, we want to have more Windows guest support at some point, + and getting the ability to suspend and resume the guests, which + eventually leads adding support for live migration.

+ + + + + ZFS + + + + + Martin + Matuška + + mm@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Matthew + Ahrens + + mahrens@delphix.com + + + + + + +

For starting up, Justin Gibbs gave an overview of shingled media + which is a new hardware technology that is coming from the hardware + vendors. We talked about some performance issues with that, came up + with some simple ideas of how to make sure that everything can get + take advantage of this, or actually not to have bad performance when not + deleting just overwriting the data. We finally came to the conclusion + that it is probably very hard to do better than that.

+ +

Then a status report of ZFS on other platforms besides &os; and + Illumos was given. On Linux, it basically works, it is being + actively developed, it is in the kernel. On Mac OS X, it is + quite immature, but there is a lot of work going on there. On + Oracle Solaris, they are still working on ZFS but probably we + will never see source code from them.

+ +

We talked about creating a common, cross-platform code + repository for ZFS that all the platforms would pull code from. + The idea here is that all the platforms available would get the + platform-independent code from there verbatim, so getting + changes into all platforms is much easier. This would not + include things like the ZPL, which need to interface with each + platform-specific VFS layer, but that would reduce the hackyness + of the Solaris Porting Layer that are in &os; and in Linux while + adding a little bit of porting layer to Illumos. We talked + about how we should stage this work and we decided we definitely + want to try to include the Linux developers from the beginning + rather than doing just an Illumos plus &os; and then tackling on + the Linux layer.

+ +

Next, we talked about test coverage and what tests are + available. Spectra Logic has finished porting the STF test suite + to &os;, so we discussed how we can make them more widely + available, and potentially getting them into the main source + tree. Eventually, it will become part of the independent code + repository but it may take a while to get there.

+ +

And then we also talked about zfsd, which is a + substitute for FMA. This is a Solaris technology which deals + with hot spares and device replacement, etc. So zfsd + is a replacement for this tool on &os;, implemented by Spectra + Logic. With regard to this, we discussed some of the issues + about getting it into the main tree, as they had done some + subtle physical pathing that was not hundred percent + generic.

+ + + + + Security + + + + + Dag-Erling + Smørgrav + + des@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + Notes + + + +

In the security working group, we had four items in the agenda. + First of all, we started with the current state of + /dev/random. There were a number of known entropy + harvesting bugs that have been fixed, for example feeding a lot + zeroes from the network stack. We have a pluggable random + generator framework and we have a number of plugins for it, + Yarrow is one, and the RDRAND, Padlock are two others, we have + one that blocks and one that panics, and few coding examples and + so on. For 10, we are going to backtrack and remove RDRAND and + Padlock backends and feed them into Yarrow instead of delivering + their output directly to /dev/random. It will still be + possible to access hardware random number generators, that is, + RDRAND, Padlock etc, directly by inline assembly or by using + OpenSSL from userland, if required, but we cannot trust them any + more. In addition to this, we want to collect more entropy + early in the boot process, because we want to get rid of the + initrandom script that feeds mostly static data into + /dev/random and pretends that is actually entropy, + while it is not. Pawel Jakub Dawidek has a patch which has been + floating around and doing some analysis on this, we finally got + some numbers for it. This patch feeds the amount of time it + takes to attach a device into /dev/random and it turns + out that one can get about 4 good bits of entropy from each + device. Also, we should have the installer to fill up the + /entropy file on the newly installed system, so we have + something when the system starts up for the first time. And + there is also the matter of (especially with virtualization and + cloning, which is becoming more and more common) ensuring that + the clones diverge quickly enough. As example, we discussed + having the installer generate SSH keys. But problem is that if + you install a VM and it generates the SSH keys, and then it is + cloned, all the instances will have the same keys. So when the + individual VMs are started and they do not have enough entropy + harvesting early in the boot process, then keys are generated + based on the entropy that the installer has dumped during the + installation process, which is as almost as bad.t The device + attach patch helps with that.

+ +

The next item was package signing. We have a short-term + solution for 10 until a more professional one is developed. In + this design, the package builders do not have the keys, instead + they submit hashes to a signing server after they are done, and + the signing server returns the signature. We are simply going + to ship the fingerprints with the base system under + /etc/pkg/fingerprints. If we need to revoke a key, or + distribute a new key, we will just issue a new &os; Security + Advisory (which should be done anyway), and will have + freebsd-update(8) to distribute an update that moves + the key from the trusted directory to the + revoked directory, and adds the new key to the + trusted directory. When launched, pkg(8) + looks into those directories, loads all the keys it founds, and + will accept a packages if it is signed by at least one good key + and no revoked keys.

+ +

Package signing was followed by mitigation by Sofian Brabez. + He has stackgap optimization and mmap() randomization + ready to be included in 10, but turned off by default. Stackgap + randomization adds a random amount of empty space at the top of + the stack, so that an attacker cannot just make assumptions + about the actual stack layout of the applications in case of + buffer overflows. The problem with stackgap randomization is + programs like Varnish that have many threads and therefore very + small stacks in order to avoid running out of stack space, will + run out of stack space. This is because stackgap randomization + will increase the size of the stacks. mmap() + randomization inserts a random gap between consecutive mappings + for the same purpose. Stack protection (SSP) can now be enabled + by default. The problem is if it is turned on by default, a lot + of ports will break. It is because GCC includes an additional + object file during linking for checking the canary words, and + this apparently interferences the way of how some ports build. + libc is now a linker script and not just a .so + file, therefore the linker will always know how to handle this. + ldbase randomization was also discussed, but it has not + been implemented. It randomizes where the libraries are loaded + by the run-time linker.

+ +

The final item on the agenda was VuXML and portaudit. We + have a number of shortcomings with VuXML. One of them is that the + portaudit tool is based on string matching which is + unreliable, especially when we have ports that are renamed and + multiple ports, different versions of the same software. In addition, + there are many errors in the actual data, especially a very + common error is to have > instead of >=. + Also, the auditing tools do not verify the base system version. + We have VuXML entries for Security Advisories but they are + unused because of this. One of the reasons for that, the kernel + patch level does not necessarily reflect the patch level of the + userland, because freebsd-update(8) does not update the + kernel patch level unless the actual update affects the kernel. So, + we are going to start including CPE information in ports. That is the + Common Platform Enumeration, and that is a NIST standard for uniquely + identifying software packages, versions, variances, even port + revisions. The point of using CPEs is that it is unique, not + tied to the name of the port so we can have multiple ports with + the same CPE without any trouble. We will store it as + annotations for pkg(8) packages. CPEs published by + NIST can be simply pushed directly to VuXML and we do not have + to the matching ourselves any more. The specification of CPE + includes a matching algorithm and shipped with a reference + implementation. &os; 10 is going to install a script under + /libexec that prints the userland patch level, and + freebsd-update(8) will update that script so it will be + possible to verify the userland patch level as well.

+ + + + + Embedded Platforms + + + + + Warner + Losh + + imp@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Brooks + Davis + + brooks@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + Notes + Cambridge notes + + + +

The discussion on embedded platforms has started in Cambridge a + month earlier, where it was kicked off with a presentation by + BrilliantService on their Viking operating system for a head + mount augmented reality display. We then had a discussion of + board bringup and the related topic of kernel minimization. + This was followed by a long discussion of system image creation + and what is required to promote some embedded platforms to + Tier-1 status. Finally, we discussed power management.

+ +

The discussion of Tier-1 status for embedded platforms, + particularly Raspberry-Pi identified a number of things required + to make this possible. In addition to some driver improvements + and stabalization efforts, we need to build images as part of, + or derived from the products of the current release build + process. We also need to be building packages (sson is working + on making this happen for ARM and MIPS64). We will also need + some form of binary updates. Initially this will probably be + done via freebsd-update(8) but in the long term this + will likely be too slow to be practical. Further discussion of + this topic was a major thread at the EuroBSDCon developer + summit.

+ +

The power management discussion was wide ranging and concluded + that we do need better power management infrastructure and that we + are not entirely sure what that looks like. We certainly do + need some way to represent the power management bus/device trees + that differ from the conventional models of attachment in our + device infrastructure. We also need smarter scheduling to allow + us to do things like steer all interrupts away from certain + cores so they can be shut all the way down.

+ +

In Malta, the first thing we talked about was trying to get + better goals, use cases for the external toolchain support so that + we have the work done by &os; 11, where any architecture + that supports can be built by using external toolchains. We + talked about different ways for an architecture that does not + have support for a native toolchain to work in the QEMU-based + package building infrastructure. By &os; 11, we also want + to make sure that it was all well-documented so that users will + know what is and what is not supported on the given + platform.

+ +

Next, we had a long discussion about the auto tuning changes + that Alfred Perlstein did recently. They are great for machines + with a gigabyte or more memory, but they are bad for machines + that almost have no memory, so Adrian Chadd has volunteered to + fix this (see the slides for more details).

+ +

We talked a lot about what to do around the ARM port in + &os; 11, and we have set some goals for 11 in this area. + Some of the highlights are as follows. We want to have the + ability to boot one kernel on any armv6 platform + — currently there is a number technical roadblocks to + that. We want to keep the armv4 and armv5 + support in 11 until there is some particular reason not do that. + One of the biggest tasks probably, since we are moving to Clang, + would be the external toolchain item. Besides that, the + armv6 will grow hardware floating-point support, we are + hoping to have Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP). And we talked + rather extensively about some of the release engineering tasks + we will have to do: we need to have images for popular boards, + such as Raspberri Pi and BeagleBoard. We would like to have + some work done in this area in the 10.1 timeframe. We want to + get packages spun up for ARM and MIPS, as well as setting the + infrastructure up for freebsd-update(8). It was also + briefly mentioned that there is no good GPU support on ARM right + now, and that is on the &os; side. We need a strategy that has + the least disadvantages, which might be adopting the Android ABI + and let the Android blobs to be dropped in — there is a + number of challenges in this case.

+ +

In addition to that, we talked about MIPS and various FDT + issues. The key problems for the latter were that we need + better clock and power support and there are separate + domains from the device tree, and they need to be + threated as such. Also, GPIO and pinmux is inconsistent between + the different releases, we need to fix that. We also talked + about Arm64, where there is lot of things to do. The key though + is find out (with the assistance of the &os; Foundation) who is + interested in Arm64 among the vendors and how to collaborate + with them. Since the Foundation has the contacts and the + related NDAs to the largest consumers, probably they are in the + best position to drive this effort. We have concluded, together + with the Semihalf people and the ARM representative, Andrew + Wafaa, at the summit, after investigating Arm64, that it is not + far away from the things we have now support for in the kernel. + It turned out that it is mostly about how we organize the source + tree and similar minor issues.

+ + + + + Ports and Packages + + + + + Erwin + Lansing + + erwin@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + Notes + + + +

We had one full presentation by Allan Jude, a quick overview of + what they did for the PC-BSD CDN (Content Delivery Network). + For example, it uses the --delay-update flag for + rsync(1) to make it more atomic, uses a lot of ZFS + functions (e.g. replication, snapshot management) and + implements automatic mirror selection. It was a quite + interesting talk, and featured few interesting ideas that we + could pick and use for the &os; package distribution network. + This was then followed by a talk by Jeremy Le Hen, who talked + about stack protection (SSP). It is going to be enabled by + default in &os; 10.x on amd64 and i386 platforms, but can + be turned off by the SSP_UNSAFE knob. On the contrary, + it is not enabled by default on 9.x, but it can be turned on by + the other knob, WITH_SSP_PORT. This should work on + amd64, and it has no effect on i386.

+ +

Baptiste Daroussin talked about staged installs which was + committed recently. Every other package system does that, now we + do it as well. It brings a lot of improvements, such as we can + catch packaging list errors earlier, before the package is + actually installed on the file system. There the + NEED_ROOT knob can be used if a port requires root + privileges for building and packaging. It also simplifies most + of the logic employed at the build farms, because many of the + checks can be automated this way, catches broken plists, helps + to get rid of the special post-install scripts. It + lies the foundation for some new features we want to add in the + future, for example implementing sub-packages. Having + sub-packages enables to build packages once and put files into + separate smaller packages which can be then installed + individually. Compared to all the other options, it is turned + off by default, and ports are slowly converted to this format + one by one — however, at some point, we might say that + ports not converted to support staging will be removed. + Actually, this would help us to find out which ports in the tree + are not used any more.

+ +

Then there was a discussion about what to do next. We have + been talking about package sets for at least three years now, it + seems we are finally able to do it. We are going to try to do a + security branch, together with reviving the ports security team, + in cooperation with the Security Officer, Dag-Erling Smørgrav. + We are aiming for quarterly releases and weekly security updates + for those releases in the security branch. This has been an + ongoing plan for three years, because we needed to have many + things to happen before we could proceed, such as move away from + CVS, introduce new-style binary packages, deploy new build + clusters. We have finally got them all, and we can actually do + it now with the pkg-test setup. So, we are hoping to + start with the first quarterly release in early November.

+ +

We had a long discussion about removing support for old-style binary + packages, now we have pkg(8). Staying compatible with + pkg_install(1) hinders the introduction of new features, e.g. + sub-packages mentioned above. We cannot really add those new features + as the old tools will not support them and we cannot expect ports to + work with two different package formats at the same time. We + do not want to surprise our users too much, but it turns out there is + an easy migration path. Among many others, an advantage of + pkg(8) that it can interoperate with various + third-party applications, e.g. puppet and chef. It is still a POLA + violation, so we should be careful of how the actual transition is + made. We should give a lot of warning to the users, specially in case + of large installations, where there are custom scripts to work with + ports and packages. The date for throwing the switch has been + set for six months, that is, April 2014, which fits nicely with + the End-of-Life date of 8.3-RELEASE, the last release that does + not include pkg(8). So, at BSDCan next year, we can + hopefully celebrate the switch from pkg_install(1).

+ +

Finally, we discussed issues related to package naming. The + problem is that certain ports have the same name and they rely + on this, so currently we have LATEST_LINK to work this + behavior around. We should educate people to make better use of + PKGNAMESUFFIX to make sure that all affected ports have + a unique name. To encourage this, we should set up automated + checking to warn people about having packages of the same name. + PKGNAME must be unique across categories, so when one + uses pkg-add(8), the system has to know which package + to choose for install. This will improve things for better + handling of options, adding package flavors and implementing + sub-packages.

+ + + + + DNS + + + + + Erwin + Lansing + + erwin@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + + + +

&os; 10 is not going to have BIND any more, it is going to + be based on unbound(8) and LDNS, both have been + imported into the base system, along with a small + host(1) replacement. LDNS also comes with + drill(1) that needs a simple wrapper to make it + compatible with the dig(1) command-line interface. + OpenSSH can use LDNS for checking SSH fingerprints which also + implies that DNSSEC validation is enabled by default. Note that + unbound(8) will be hidden, it will be a local resolver + only. For other purposes, one shall have to install its version + in the Ports Collection instead.

+ +

For the next major version, &os; 11, there will be more + time to find an alternative to BIND, so it was also discussed in + the working group what the requirements would be for an ideal + DNS implementation. Based on the results, what we want is a + caching, validating resolver library, which is compartmentalized + by Capsicum, supports per-user policies and integration with the + Casper daemon, BSD-licensed, has a low footprint, fast, and + thread-safe. But the most important factor here is that we want + to standardize the API towards application level, so we can + actually report back to the user on what happens in relation + with DNSSEC operations, in an informative way. There has been + many proposals for that, like the get-api from Hoffman, or + draft-hayatnagarkar-dns-ext-validator-api for libval, + but it is currently being standardized by members of IETF. What + we want to do is to contact those people and make sure that + &os; 11 will become a standard reference + implementation.

+ + + + + Vendor Discussions + + + + + Erwin + Lansing + + erwin@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + + + +

First, Justin Gibbs, on behalf of the &os; Foundation, gave a + status update. A major change that previously we had only a + single part-time employee, who was Deb Goodkin, now we have a + two full-time technical staff members involved in some of the + current projects, such as Kostik Belousov who is still working + on improving our X.org support. They are also helping out with + improving continuity within different teams, e.g. the Release + Engineering Team and the Security Team. We also employed Glen + Barber as a system administrator who is working with the &os; + cluster administrators to supervise the Project's machines, and + he is also helping out with release engineering. Ed Maste has + been employed part-time as a project manager to oversee the + progress of the Foundation-sponsored projects. But we are + hoping to get more people involved, especially on the sides of + administration and marketing.

+ +

We had a presentation by Daichi Goto about his company in + Japan, called BSD Consulting, Inc. He consulted for a company + where he wanted to solve problems using &os; but the company did + not allow him to do that as they could not get a commercial + support for &os;, so he started his own company solely for this + purpose, which for example, includes hardware certification.

+ +

There was a discussion revolving around that current status of + our documentation and web site, especially in Japan, where most + of the people do not speak English very well. In the rest of + the time we had a long but fruitful discussion about smaller + projects, for example incorporating more bug fixes related to + Infiniband into releases. In general, it would be useful to + backport not only security fixes but major fixes and release + backported erratas for the releases. Then we talked about the + nanobsd support, making it more visible and accessible to the + potential users. Next, we talked about promoting ARM and MIPS + platforms to Tier-1, providing more translated documents and + testimonials, documentation to attract news users for &os; and + reach out for them: how to write problem reports, debug the + kernel, etc. In connection to that, PR triage was also + mentioned, where the goal is to provide an answer for every + incoming bug report in a couple of days. As usual, Java was + also on the menu, where it seems they are swinging back to + OpenJDK being the default in 1.8.

+ + + + + USB + + + + + Hans-Petter + Selasky + + hselasky@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Summary + Notes + + + +

In the USB working group, Hans-Petter Selasky summarized what + happened to &os;'s USB stack during the last one year. He + mentioned that there were no serious issues, while the USB + driver support improved on both device and controller fronts. + He also noted that many systems have started to use the USB + stack itself outside the &os; kernel, for example DragonFly BSD. + Hans-Petter briefly walked through the list of ideas on how to + improve USB support further: he wants to import more Linux USB + serial port and Ethernet device drivers into userspace, which + can be then accessed through his webcamd(8) daemon, + move the NDIS (Ethernet and wireless) USB wrapper to userspace, + and implement emulation of the Linux USB file system at + character device level via the Cuse4BSD-based daemon, also in + userspace.

+ +

The summary was followed by the discussion of how to fix the + detach issues experienced in case of USB wireless and Ethernet + devices, initiated by Adrian Chadd. In addition to that, some + DWC OTG were discussed, such as the need for implementing DMA + support and expose it to more testing for all device speeds, not + only for Ethernet and memory sticks.

+ + + + + Developer Summit Track + + + + + Gábor + Páli + + pgj@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Playlist of the talks + + + +

Since 2011, the &os; Developer Summit Track has become an + essential part of BSDCan and EuroBSDcon conferences. It + provides the developers and community members an opportunity to + tell about their latest projects, brainstorm on solutions to a + hard problem, train attendees to use a new tool, make + observations about a &os; development process and how to improve + it, talk about how their company uses &os;, or coordinate + activities. One can also catch reports from the Google Summer + of Code students at the European instances.

+ +

At EuroBSDcon 2013 we had talks in the following topics: + superpages for ARM, an SDIO stack, porting GlusterFS, unattended + encrypted kernel crash dumps, adding Capsicum support for + compression services, an intelligent download management + service, LLDB, improvements in packet forwarding, multipath TCP + support, a &os;-based network simulation environment, finally + porting Mirage, an operating system written in the OCaml + functional language, to &os;. The playlist of the talk + recordings (audio with slides and demonstrations) can be found + above at the entry's URL section.

+ + + From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Dec 1 22:51:34 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B36FDBFD; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 22:51:34 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9F4A01E8E; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 22:51:34 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB1MpYBW085590; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 22:51:34 GMT (envelope-from wblock@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from wblock@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id rB1MpYxI085589; Sun, 1 Dec 2013 22:51:34 GMT (envelope-from wblock@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312012251.rB1MpYxI085589@svn.freebsd.org> From: Warren Block Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2013 22:51:34 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43270 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.16 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 01 Dec 2013 22:51:34 -0000 Author: wblock Date: Sun Dec 1 22:51:34 2013 New Revision: 43270 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43270 Log: Use "entire" to refer to a whole disk, rather than "full", which can be misinterpreted. Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml Sun Dec 1 08:37:34 2013 (r43269) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml Sun Dec 1 22:51:34 2013 (r43270) @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Done. &man.gmirror.8; stores one block of metadata at the end of the disk. Because GPT partition schemes also store metadata - at the end of the disk, mirroring full GPT disks with + at the end of the disk, mirroring entire GPT disks with &man.gmirror.8; is not recommended. MBR partitioning is used here because it only stores a partition table at the start of the disk and does not conflict with &man.gmirror.8;. From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Dec 2 09:55:51 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 36365785; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:55:51 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1F62413DA; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:55:51 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB29tpTD012361; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:55:51 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from pgj@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id rB29tpCe012360; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:55:51 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312020955.rB29tpCe012360@svn.freebsd.org> From: Gabor Pali Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:55:51 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43271 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.16 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 02 Dec 2013 09:55:51 -0000 Author: pgj Date: Mon Dec 2 09:55:50 2013 New Revision: 43271 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43271 Log: - Various fixes for the developer summit report Submitted by: pluknet, wblock Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Sun Dec 1 22:51:34 2013 (r43270) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Mon Dec 2 09:55:50 2013 (r43271) @@ -39,24 +39,23 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ -

The discussions on toolchains and build systems happened in - Malta has started a month earlier in Cambridge. There, the main - themes were source code analysis, the status of replacing GCC, - and a discussion of packaging the base system. Notes on these - and other topics can be found on the session page on the - wiki.

+

The discussions on toolchains and build systems in Malta + started a month earlier in Cambridge. There, the main themes + were source code analysis, the status of replacing GCC, and a + discussion of packaging the base system. Notes on these and + other topics can be found on the session page on the wiki.

Source code analysis took several directions. We discussed adding annotations to the source tree to support various advanced analysis tools. There was general agreement that this has some downsides if they get out of date, but that it is useful so long as the annotations are verified. Most proposed annotation - require some sort of LLVM support so we discussed the process of + require some sort of LLVM support, so we discussed the process of integrating LLVM analysis into the build framework. We also discussed the idea of running various analysis tools as part of the tinderbox framework.

-

In the context of replacing GCC we discussed David Chisnall's +

In the context of replacing GCC, we discussed David Chisnall's plan to stop building GCC and libstdc++ on systems where Clang is the default compiler (this has happened). Further, we plan to migrate all existing platforms to Clang or an external @@ -69,12 +68,12 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ freebsd-update(8) does including upgrades and detecting changed files in a more operating-friendly way. Using pkg(8) as a replacement for freebsd-update(8) - is not a general solution yet as package signing and delta + is not a general solution yet, as package signing and delta support is required to make it viable.

-

In Malta we covered two main topics. The overall status of +

In Malta we covered two main topics: the overall status of non-permissively licensed (GPL-licensed) software in the base - system and a detailed discussion of the status of external + system, and a detailed discussion of the status of external toolchain support. We also decided that a future meeting should discuss making incremental builds practical and that we should run a working group specifically on the kernel build system at a @@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ look closely to the Foundation's. As a result, we agreed to form a team for the new website, assembled from Project members internally, to ensure that the new design satisfies expectations - from all sides, e.g. administration, functionality, security, + from all sides, e.g., administration, functionality, security, and so on.

Another thing that we have talked about was the on-going print @@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ the effort by BSDCan this year, but apparently we could not make it in time. Dru Lavigne went through the whole Handbook and identified many problems to solve (outdated content, unrelated - sections, etc.) in order to have a really good content ready for + sections, etc.) in order to have really good content ready for the printed edition. We need more content and reviewers, so if you are looking through the Handbook and meet an outdated section, please contact the Documentation Team. You do not have @@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ talked with Gavin Atkinson about removing really outdated documentation from the doc tree, like the ones who are still reflecting &os; 5.x or so. In summary, the main - objective is to have a system that helps keeping track of + objective is to have a system that helps by keeping track of translations, like the PC-BSD developers are doing: we are aware that Kris Moore has written some scripts to extend the standard tools like Pootle to improve their efficiency. It would be a @@ -222,9 +221,9 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ progress, and future builds based on 10-STABLE are coming soon. The plan there is to track the 10-STABLE branch until it becomes 11-STABLE. Kris also described - the rolling release model they have been switched to. - This approach leverages freebsd-update(8) to provide - rolling updates for the base system (that is, the kernel and the + the rolling release model they have switched to. This + approach leverages freebsd-update(8) to provide rolling + updates for the base system (that is, the kernel and the userland utilities) and in parallel with that, pkg(8) is employed for the packages, especially for the desktop applications. It was also reported that the PC-BSD staff has @@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ installer. Another highlight of the upcoming PC-BSD releases is that they will include Gleb Kurtsou's PEFS that provides user encryption of user home directories with PAM-based - authention.

+ authentication.

Next, the current in-progress items were reported and discussed. The sysutils/pcbsd-utils and @@ -240,17 +239,17 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ to the ports tree that contain all PC-BSD developed tools and utilities, where the former features the command-line and the latter features the GUI-enabled versions of the corresponding - programs. The PC-BSD developers have been also working on a + programs. The PC-BSD developers have also been working on a life-preserver ZFS command-line and GUI utility, which is - still in heavy development. The purpose of this tools to + still in heavy development. The purpose of these tools to leverage ZFS for snapshot and replication functionality as a backup solution.

-

Finally, the plans for PC-BSD 10 was summarized. The PBI +

Finally, the plans for PC-BSD 10 were summarized. The PBI package format that PC-BSD employs in now under revision and - will be updated to use pkg(8) repository to build PBIs, - provide better integration for server PBIs. As part of this - effort, it will be also investigated whether it is possible to + will be updated to use pkg(8) repository to build PBIs + and provide better integration for server PBIs. As part of this + effort, it will also be investigated whether it is possible to run PBIs without actual installation. pc-sysinstall will have a text-based front-end. This is going to be basic at first, but later it will provide a command-line interface to do @@ -277,22 +276,23 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ -

In the virtualization working group, Peter Grehan gave a usual - status report. In &os; 10, a lot of pieces of work have - been going on for the last two years, so we are slowly getting - the guest support of Xen, PHVM, Hyper-V drivers, and - bhyve(4) into 10.0-RELEASE. We talked about little bit - about bhyve(4) memory overcommit work that Neel - has been doing for a quite long time, but we are hoping that it - will get into 10 as well. It gives much better integration with - management of guest memory, with the &os; Virtual Memory - subsystem, so we can actually page guest memory to swap. Some - of the future directions for the bhyve(4) work has been - also discussed: we want to shift away from the user-space boot - loader, and use the BSD-licensed UEFI code from Intel as a boot - ROM, we want to have more Windows guest support at some point, - and getting the ability to suspend and resume the guests, which - eventually leads adding support for live migration.

+

In the virtualization working group, Peter Grehan gave a status + report. In &os; 10, a lot of pieces of work have been + going on for the last two years, so we are slowly getting the + guest support of Xen, PHVM, Hyper-V drivers, and + bhyve(4) into 10.0-RELEASE. We talked a little bit + about the bhyve(4) memory overcommit work that + Neel has been doing for a quite long time, but we are hoping + that it will get into 10 as well. It gives much better + integration with management of guest memory, with the &os; + Virtual Memory subsystem, so we can actually page guest memory + to swap. Some of the future directions for the + bhyve(4) work has also been discussed: we want to shift + away from the user-space boot loader, and use the BSD-licensed + UEFI code from Intel as a boot ROM, we want to have more Windows + guest support at some point, and getting the ability to suspend + and resume the guests, which eventually leads to adding support + for live migration.

@@ -321,12 +321,13 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

For starting up, Justin Gibbs gave an overview of shingled media - which is a new hardware technology that is coming from the hardware - vendors. We talked about some performance issues with that, came up - with some simple ideas of how to make sure that everything can get - take advantage of this, or actually not to have bad performance when not - deleting just overwriting the data. We finally came to the conclusion - that it is probably very hard to do better than that.

+ which is a new technology that is coming from the hardware + vendors. We talked about some performance issues with that, + came up with some simple ideas of how to make sure that + everything can take advantage of this, or actually not to have + bad performance when not deleting, just overwriting the data. + We finally came to the conclusion that it is probably very hard + to do better than that.

Then a status report of ZFS on other platforms besides &os; and Illumos was given. On Linux, it basically works, it is being @@ -341,13 +342,13 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ platform-independent code from there verbatim, so getting changes into all platforms is much easier. This would not include things like the ZPL, which need to interface with each - platform-specific VFS layer, but that would reduce the hackyness - of the Solaris Porting Layer that are in &os; and in Linux while + platform-specific VFS layer, but that would reduce the hackiness + of the Solaris Porting Layer that is in &os; and Linux while adding a little bit of porting layer to Illumos. We talked about how we should stage this work and we decided we definitely want to try to include the Linux developers from the beginning - rather than doing just an Illumos plus &os; and then tackling on - the Linux layer.

+ rather than doing just Illumos plus &os; and then tacking on the + Linux layer.

Next, we talked about test coverage and what tests are available. Spectra Logic has finished porting the STF test suite @@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ is a replacement for this tool on &os;, implemented by Spectra Logic. With regard to this, we discussed some of the issues about getting it into the main tree, as they had done some - subtle physical pathing that was not hundred percent + subtle physical pathing that was not a hundred percent generic.

@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

In the security working group, we had four items in the agenda. First of all, we started with the current state of /dev/random. There were a number of known entropy - harvesting bugs that have been fixed, for example feeding a lot + harvesting bugs that have been fixed, for example feeding a lot of zeroes from the network stack. We have a pluggable random generator framework and we have a number of plugins for it, Yarrow is one, and the RDRAND, Padlock are two others, we have @@ -398,30 +399,30 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ Padlock backends and feed them into Yarrow instead of delivering their output directly to /dev/random. It will still be possible to access hardware random number generators, that is, - RDRAND, Padlock etc, directly by inline assembly or by using + RDRAND, Padlock etc., directly by inline assembly or by using OpenSSL from userland, if required, but we cannot trust them any more. In addition to this, we want to collect more entropy early in the boot process, because we want to get rid of the initrandom script that feeds mostly static data into /dev/random and pretends that is actually entropy, - while it is not. Pawel Jakub Dawidek has a patch which has been + when it is not. Pawel Jakub Dawidek has a patch which has been floating around and doing some analysis on this, we finally got some numbers for it. This patch feeds the amount of time it takes to attach a device into /dev/random and it turns out that one can get about 4 good bits of entropy from each - device. Also, we should have the installer to fill up the + device. Also, we should have the installer fill up the /entropy file on the newly installed system, so we have something when the system starts up for the first time. And there is also the matter of (especially with virtualization and cloning, which is becoming more and more common) ensuring that - the clones diverge quickly enough. As example, we discussed - having the installer generate SSH keys. But problem is that if + the clones diverge quickly enough. As an example, we discussed + having the installer generate SSH keys. But a problem is that if you install a VM and it generates the SSH keys, and then it is cloned, all the instances will have the same keys. So when the individual VMs are started and they do not have enough entropy harvesting early in the boot process, then keys are generated based on the entropy that the installer has dumped during the - installation process, which is as almost as bad.t The device + installation process, which is as almost as bad. The device attach patch helps with that.

The next item was package signing. We have a short-term @@ -433,11 +434,11 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ /etc/pkg/fingerprints. If we need to revoke a key, or distribute a new key, we will just issue a new &os; Security Advisory (which should be done anyway), and will have - freebsd-update(8) to distribute an update that moves + freebsd-update(8) distribute an update that moves the key from the trusted directory to the - revoked directory, and adds the new key to the + revoked directory and adds the new key to the trusted directory. When launched, pkg(8) - looks into those directories, loads all the keys it founds, and + looks into those directories, loads all the keys it finds, and will accept a packages if it is signed by at least one good key and no revoked keys.

@@ -448,7 +449,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ the stack, so that an attacker cannot just make assumptions about the actual stack layout of the applications in case of buffer overflows. The problem with stackgap randomization is - programs like Varnish that have many threads and therefore very + programs like Varnish, that have many threads and therefore very small stacks in order to avoid running out of stack space, will run out of stack space. This is because stackgap randomization will increase the size of the stacks. mmap() @@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ by default. The problem is if it is turned on by default, a lot of ports will break. It is because GCC includes an additional object file during linking for checking the canary words, and - this apparently interferences the way of how some ports build. + this apparently interferences the way some ports build. libc is now a linker script and not just a .so file, therefore the linker will always know how to handle this. ldbase randomization was also discussed, but it has not @@ -473,10 +474,10 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ common error is to have > instead of >=. Also, the auditing tools do not verify the base system version. We have VuXML entries for Security Advisories but they are - unused because of this. One of the reasons for that, the kernel + unused because of this. One of the reasons for that is that the kernel patch level does not necessarily reflect the patch level of the userland, because freebsd-update(8) does not update the - kernel patch level unless the actual update affects the kernel. So, + kernel patch level unless the actual update affects the kernel. So we are going to start including CPE information in ports. That is the Common Platform Enumeration, and that is a NIST standard for uniquely identifying software packages, versions, variances, even port @@ -485,8 +486,8 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ the same CPE without any trouble. We will store it as annotations for pkg(8) packages. CPEs published by NIST can be simply pushed directly to VuXML and we do not have - to the matching ourselves any more. The specification of CPE - includes a matching algorithm and shipped with a reference + to do the matching ourselves any more. The specification of CPE + includes a matching algorithm and is shipped with a reference implementation. &os; 10 is going to install a script under /libexec that prints the userland patch level, and freebsd-update(8) will update that script so it will be @@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ -

The discussion on embedded platforms has started in Cambridge a +

The discussion on embedded platforms was started in Cambridge a month earlier, where it was kicked off with a presentation by BrilliantService on their Viking operating system for a head mount augmented reality display. We then had a discussion of @@ -532,14 +533,14 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ Tier-1 status. Finally, we discussed power management.

The discussion of Tier-1 status for embedded platforms, - particularly Raspberry-Pi identified a number of things required + particularly Raspberry-Pi, identified a number of things required to make this possible. In addition to some driver improvements - and stabalization efforts, we need to build images as part of, + and stabilization efforts, we need to build images as part of, or derived from the products of the current release build - process. We also need to be building packages (sson is working - on making this happen for ARM and MIPS64). We will also need - some form of binary updates. Initially this will probably be - done via freebsd-update(8) but in the long term this + process. We also need to be building packages (Stacey Son is + working on making this happen for ARM and MIPS64). We will also + need some form of binary updates. Initially this will probably + be done via freebsd-update(8), but in the long term this will likely be too slow to be practical. Further discussion of this topic was a major thread at the EuroBSDCon developer summit.

@@ -561,8 +562,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ have support for a native toolchain to work in the QEMU-based package building infrastructure. By &os; 11, we also want to make sure that it was all well-documented so that users will - know what is and what is not supported on the given - platform.

+ know what is and what is not supported on a given platform.

Next, we had a long discussion about the auto tuning changes that Alfred Perlstein did recently. They are great for machines @@ -574,42 +574,42 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ &os; 11, and we have set some goals for 11 in this area. Some of the highlights are as follows. We want to have the ability to boot one kernel on any armv6 platform - — currently there is a number technical roadblocks to + — currently there are a number technical roadblocks to that. We want to keep the armv4 and armv5 - support in 11 until there is some particular reason not do that. - One of the biggest tasks probably, since we are moving to Clang, - would be the external toolchain item. Besides that, the + support in 11 until there is some particular reason not to do + that. One of the biggest tasks probably, since we are moving to + Clang, would be the external toolchain item. Besides that, the armv6 will grow hardware floating-point support, we are hoping to have Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP). And we talked rather extensively about some of the release engineering tasks we will have to do: we need to have images for popular boards, - such as Raspberri Pi and BeagleBoard. We would like to have + such as Raspberry Pi and BeagleBoard. We would like to have some work done in this area in the 10.1 timeframe. We want to get packages spun up for ARM and MIPS, as well as setting the infrastructure up for freebsd-update(8). It was also briefly mentioned that there is no good GPU support on ARM right now, and that is on the &os; side. We need a strategy that has the least disadvantages, which might be adopting the Android ABI - and let the Android blobs to be dropped in — there is a - number of challenges in this case.

+ and let the Android blobs to be dropped in. There are a number + of challenges in this case.

In addition to that, we talked about MIPS and various FDT issues. The key problems for the latter were that we need better clock and power support and there are separate domains from the device tree, and they need to be - threated as such. Also, GPIO and pinmux is inconsistent between - the different releases, we need to fix that. We also talked - about Arm64, where there is lot of things to do. The key though - is find out (with the assistance of the &os; Foundation) who is - interested in Arm64 among the vendors and how to collaborate - with them. Since the Foundation has the contacts and the - related NDAs to the largest consumers, probably they are in the - best position to drive this effort. We have concluded, together - with the Semihalf people and the ARM representative, Andrew - Wafaa, at the summit, after investigating Arm64, that it is not - far away from the things we have now support for in the kernel. - It turned out that it is mostly about how we organize the source - tree and similar minor issues.

+ treated as such. Also, GPIO and pinmux are inconsistent + between the different releases, we need to fix that. We also + talked about Arm64, where there are lot of things to do. The key + though is find out (with the assistance of the &os; Foundation) + who is interested in Arm64 among the vendors and how to + collaborate with them. Since the Foundation has the contacts + and the related NDAs to the largest consumers, probably they are + in the best position to drive this effort. Together with the + Semihalf people and the ARM representative at the summit, Andrew + Wafaa, we have conluded that Arm64 support is not far away from + the things we have now support for in the kernel. It turned out + that it is mostly about how we organize the source tree and + similar minor issues.

@@ -636,17 +636,17 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ what they did for the PC-BSD CDN (Content Delivery Network). For example, it uses the --delay-update flag for rsync(1) to make it more atomic, uses a lot of ZFS - functions (e.g. replication, snapshot management) and + functions (e.g., replication, snapshot management) and implements automatic mirror selection. It was a quite - interesting talk, and featured few interesting ideas that we + interesting talk, and featured some interesting ideas that we could pick and use for the &os; package distribution network. This was then followed by a talk by Jeremy Le Hen, who talked - about stack protection (SSP). It is going to be enabled by - default in &os; 10.x on amd64 and i386 platforms, but can - be turned off by the SSP_UNSAFE knob. On the contrary, - it is not enabled by default on 9.x, but it can be turned on by - the other knob, WITH_SSP_PORT. This should work on - amd64, and it has no effect on i386.

+ about stack protection (SSP). It will be enabled by default in + &os; 10.x on amd64 and i386 platforms, but can be turned + off by the SSP_UNSAFE knob. Conversely, it is not + enabled by default on 9.x, but can be turned on by the other + knob, WITH_SSP_PORT. This should work on amd64, and it + has no effect on i386.

Baptiste Daroussin talked about staged installs which was committed recently. Every other package system does that, now we @@ -656,17 +656,17 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ NEED_ROOT knob can be used if a port requires root privileges for building and packaging. It also simplifies most of the logic employed at the build farms, because many of the - checks can be automated this way, catches broken plists, helps - to get rid of the special post-install scripts. It - lies the foundation for some new features we want to add in the - future, for example implementing sub-packages. Having - sub-packages enables to build packages once and put files into - separate smaller packages which can be then installed + checks can be automated this way, catching broken plists and + helping to get rid of the special post-install scripts. + It lays the foundation for some new features we want to add in + the future, for example implementing sub-packages. Having + sub-packages enables building packages once and putting files + into separate smaller packages which can be then installed individually. Compared to all the other options, it is turned off by default, and ports are slowly converted to this format one by one — however, at some point, we might say that ports not converted to support staging will be removed. - Actually, this would help us to find out which ports in the tree + Actually, this would help us find out which ports in the tree are not used any more.

Then there was a discussion about what to do next. We have @@ -676,15 +676,15 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ in cooperation with the Security Officer, Dag-Erling Smørgrav. We are aiming for quarterly releases and weekly security updates for those releases in the security branch. This has been an - ongoing plan for three years, because we needed to have many - things to happen before we could proceed, such as move away from - CVS, introduce new-style binary packages, deploy new build + ongoing plan for three years, because we needed many things to + happen before we could proceed, such as moving away from CVS, + introducing new-style binary packages, deploying new build clusters. We have finally got them all, and we can actually do it now with the pkg-test setup. So, we are hoping to start with the first quarterly release in early November.

We had a long discussion about removing support for old-style binary - packages, now we have pkg(8). Staying compatible with + packages now that we have pkg(8). Staying compatible with pkg_install(1) hinders the introduction of new features, e.g. sub-packages mentioned above. We cannot really add those new features as the old tools will not support them and we cannot expect ports to @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ do not want to surprise our users too much, but it turns out there is an easy migration path. Among many others, an advantage of pkg(8) that it can interoperate with various - third-party applications, e.g. puppet and chef. It is still a POLA + third-party applications, e.g., puppet and chef. It is still a POLA violation, so we should be careful of how the actual transition is made. We should give a lot of warning to the users, specially in case of large installations, where there are custom scripts to work with @@ -704,16 +704,16 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

Finally, we discussed issues related to package naming. The problem is that certain ports have the same name and they rely - on this, so currently we have LATEST_LINK to work this - behavior around. We should educate people to make better use of - PKGNAMESUFFIX to make sure that all affected ports have - a unique name. To encourage this, we should set up automated - checking to warn people about having packages of the same name. - PKGNAME must be unique across categories, so when one - uses pkg-add(8), the system has to know which package - to choose for install. This will improve things for better - handling of options, adding package flavors and implementing - sub-packages.

+ on this, so currently we have LATEST_LINK to work + around this behavior. We should educate people to make better + use of PKGNAMESUFFIX to make sure that all affected + ports have a unique name. To encourage this, we should set up + automated checking to warn people about having packages of the + same name. PKGNAME must be unique across categories, + so when one uses pkg-add(8), the system has to know + which package to choose for install. This will improve things + for better handling of options, adding package flavors and + implementing sub-packages.

@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ thread-safe. But the most important factor here is that we want to standardize the API towards application level, so we can actually report back to the user on what happens in relation - with DNSSEC operations, in an informative way. There has been + with DNSSEC operations in an informative way. There have been many proposals for that, like the get-api from Hoffman, or draft-hayatnagarkar-dns-ext-validator-api for libval, but it is currently being standardized by members of IETF. What @@ -786,12 +786,12 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

First, Justin Gibbs, on behalf of the &os; Foundation, gave a - status update. A major change that previously we had only a - single part-time employee, who was Deb Goodkin, now we have a - two full-time technical staff members involved in some of the + status update. A major change was that previously we had only a + single part-time employee, Deb Goodkin. Now we have a two + full-time technical staff members involved in some of the current projects, such as Kostik Belousov who is still working on improving our X.org support. They are also helping out with - improving continuity within different teams, e.g. the Release + improving continuity within different teams like the Release Engineering Team and the Security Team. We also employed Glen Barber as a system administrator who is working with the &os; cluster administrators to supervise the Project's machines, and @@ -804,8 +804,8 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

We had a presentation by Daichi Goto about his company in Japan, called BSD Consulting, Inc. He consulted for a company where he wanted to solve problems using &os; but the company did - not allow him to do that as they could not get a commercial - support for &os;, so he started his own company solely for this + not allow him to do that as they could not get commercial + support for &os;. So he started his own company solely for this purpose, which for example, includes hardware certification.

There was a discussion revolving around that current status of @@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ projects, for example incorporating more bug fixes related to Infiniband into releases. In general, it would be useful to backport not only security fixes but major fixes and release - backported erratas for the releases. Then we talked about the + backported erratas for the releases. Then we talked about nanobsd support, making it more visible and accessible to the potential users. Next, we talked about promoting ARM and MIPS platforms to Tier-1, providing more translated documents and @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

In the USB working group, Hans-Petter Selasky summarized what - happened to &os;'s USB stack during the last one year. He + happened to &os;'s USB stack during the last year. He mentioned that there were no serious issues, while the USB driver support improved on both device and controller fronts. He also noted that many systems have started to use the USB @@ -900,14 +900,14 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ activities. One can also catch reports from the Google Summer of Code students at the European instances.

-

At EuroBSDcon 2013 we had talks in the following topics: +

At EuroBSDcon 2013 we had talks on the following topics: superpages for ARM, an SDIO stack, porting GlusterFS, unattended encrypted kernel crash dumps, adding Capsicum support for compression services, an intelligent download management service, LLDB, improvements in packet forwarding, multipath TCP - support, a &os;-based network simulation environment, finally - porting Mirage, an operating system written in the OCaml - functional language, to &os;. The playlist of the talk + support, a &os;-based network simulation environment, and + finally, porting Mirage, an operating system written in the + OCaml functional language, to &os;. The playlist of the talk recordings (audio with slides and demonstrations) can be found above at the entry's URL section.

From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Dec 2 09:58:42 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 06487826; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:58:42 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id DB2C9143B; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:58:41 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB29wfDH012645; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:58:41 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from pgj@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id rB29wfFw012644; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:58:41 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312020958.rB29wfFw012644@svn.freebsd.org> From: Gabor Pali Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2013 09:58:41 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43272 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.16 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 02 Dec 2013 09:58:42 -0000 Author: pgj Date: Mon Dec 2 09:58:41 2013 New Revision: 43272 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43272 Log: - Add the last entry on the Networking group to the developer summit report Reviewed by: glebius Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Mon Dec 2 09:55:50 2013 (r43271) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Mon Dec 2 09:58:41 2013 (r43272) @@ -496,6 +496,63 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ + Networking + + + + + Lawrence + Stewart + + lstewart@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Gleb + Smirnoff + + glebius@FreeBSD.org + + + + + Notes + + + +

First, André Oppermann gave a status report on his current work + on the interface between the network stack and the drivers. He + is planning to publish a formal documentation on the + stack-driver boundary and split the ifnet structure + into separate, stack- and driver-owned section, finally all + drivers will be adjusted to this new world order, and call for + feedback will be posted to the respective mailing lists. This + change is being implemented in the projects/ifq + Subversion branch, supervised by Ed Maste on behalf of the &os; + Foundation as sponsor. In addition to that, André is close to + complete his TCP-AO work, and also working on moving the IPsec + code into a pfil(9)-based kernel module. Besides that, + Gleb Smirnoff came up with the problem of implementing a + lightweight reference counting to avoid dangling pointers and + Alexander Chernikov started a discussion on the routing + performance.

+ +

Another highlight of the networking stack working group was the + discussion on testing, where everybody agreed that developers + should communicate with companies able to test the performance + with different workloads. Olivier Cochard-Labbé (from Orange) + and Alexander Chernikov (from Yandex) have already shown + interest in this effort, while the Netflix staff (Lawrence + Stewart, Adrian Chadd, and Scott Long) confirmed that they have + access to TCP-heavy production workload. On a related note, it + was added that Netflix is looking to host developer summits + focused on networking in Los Gatos, California, on a + semi-regular basis.

+ + + + Embedded Platforms From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Dec 2 20:25:06 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1C45535F; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 20:25:06 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 0655512AA; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 20:25:06 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB2KP54H060529; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 20:25:05 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from pgj@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB2KP5Gf060528; Mon, 2 Dec 2013 20:25:05 GMT (envelope-from pgj@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312022025.rB2KP5Gf060528@svn.freebsd.org> From: Gabor Pali Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2013 20:25:05 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43273 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 02 Dec 2013 20:25:06 -0000 Author: pgj Date: Mon Dec 2 20:25:05 2013 New Revision: 43273 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43273 Log: - Further minor tweaks Submitted by: wblock Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Mon Dec 2 09:58:41 2013 (r43272) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.xml Mon Dec 2 20:25:05 2013 (r43273) @@ -521,22 +521,21 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ -

First, André Oppermann gave a status report on his current work - on the interface between the network stack and the drivers. He - is planning to publish a formal documentation on the - stack-driver boundary and split the ifnet structure - into separate, stack- and driver-owned section, finally all - drivers will be adjusted to this new world order, and call for - feedback will be posted to the respective mailing lists. This - change is being implemented in the projects/ifq - Subversion branch, supervised by Ed Maste on behalf of the &os; - Foundation as sponsor. In addition to that, André is close to - complete his TCP-AO work, and also working on moving the IPsec - code into a pfil(9)-based kernel module. Besides that, - Gleb Smirnoff came up with the problem of implementing a - lightweight reference counting to avoid dangling pointers and - Alexander Chernikov started a discussion on the routing - performance.

+

André Oppermann gave a status report on his current work on the + interface between the network stack and the drivers. He is + planning to publish a formal documentation on the stack-driver + boundary and split the ifnet structure into separate, + stack- and driver-owned sections. All drivers will be adjusted + to this new world order, and a call for feedback will be posted + to the respective mailing lists. This change is being + implemented in the projects/ifq Subversion branch, + supervised by Ed Maste on behalf of the &os; Foundation as + sponsor. André is close to completing his TCP-AO work, and + working on moving the IPsec code into a pfil(9)-based + kernel module. Gleb Smirnoff came up with the problem of + implementing a lightweight reference counting to avoid dangling + pointers, and Alexander Chernikov started a discussion on the + routing performance.

Another highlight of the networking stack working group was the discussion on testing, where everybody agreed that developers @@ -545,8 +544,8 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/ and Alexander Chernikov (from Yandex) have already shown interest in this effort, while the Netflix staff (Lawrence Stewart, Adrian Chadd, and Scott Long) confirmed that they have - access to TCP-heavy production workload. On a related note, it - was added that Netflix is looking to host developer summits + access to a TCP-heavy production workload. On a related note, + it was added that Netflix is looking to host developer summits focused on networking in Los Gatos, California, on a semi-regular basis.

@@ -742,7 +741,7 @@ Report//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/

We had a long discussion about removing support for old-style binary packages now that we have pkg(8). Staying compatible with - pkg_install(1) hinders the introduction of new features, e.g. + pkg_install(1) hinders the introduction of new features, e.g., sub-packages mentioned above. We cannot really add those new features as the old tools will not support them and we cannot expect ports to work with two different package formats at the same time. We From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Dec 3 10:46:05 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id E9E184B5; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 10:46:05 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D52DD1812; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 10:46:05 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB3Ak53e075921; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 10:46:05 GMT (envelope-from gerald@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gerald@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB3Ak5TW075920; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 10:46:05 GMT (envelope-from gerald@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312031046.rB3Ak5TW075920@svn.freebsd.org> From: Gerald Pfeifer Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2013 10:46:05 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43274 - head/share/pgpkeys X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 03 Dec 2013 10:46:06 -0000 Author: gerald (ports committer) Date: Tue Dec 3 10:46:05 2013 New Revision: 43274 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43274 Log: Update the metadata of my key (745C015A). Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/gerald.key Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/gerald.key ============================================================================== --- head/share/pgpkeys/gerald.key Mon Dec 2 20:25:05 2013 (r43273) +++ head/share/pgpkeys/gerald.key Tue Dec 3 10:46:05 2013 (r43274) @@ -1,15 +1,16 @@ - Key fingerprint = B215 C163 3BCA 0477 615F 1B35 A5B3 A004 745C 015A -uid Gerald Pfeifer -uid Gerald Pfeifer -uid Gerald Pfeifer -uid Gerald Pfeifer -sub 1536g/F0156927 1999-11-09 +pub 1024D/A5B3A004745C015A 1999-11-09 + Key fingerprint = B215 C163 3BCA 0477 615F 1B35 A5B3 A004 745C 015A +uid Gerald Pfeifer +uid Gerald Pfeifer +uid Gerald Pfeifer +uid Gerald Pfeifer +sub 1536g/00EAD7F3F0156927 1999-11-09 + ]]> Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id ECD1BF8E; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 11:15:50 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BEE2C1A1E; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 11:15:50 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB3BFovi086459; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 11:15:50 GMT (envelope-from ryusuke@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from ryusuke@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB3BFoKe086458; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 11:15:50 GMT (envelope-from ryusuke@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312031115.rB3BFoKe086458@svn.freebsd.org> From: Ryusuke SUZUKI Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2013 11:15:50 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43275 - head/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook/bsdinstall X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 03 Dec 2013 11:15:51 -0000 Author: ryusuke Date: Tue Dec 3 11:15:50 2013 New Revision: 43275 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43275 Log: - Refine translation. Modified: head/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Modified: head/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Tue Dec 3 10:46:05 2013 (r43274) +++ head/ja_JP.eucJP/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Tue Dec 3 11:15:50 2013 (r43275) @@ -917,8 +917,7 @@ Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/is &os; ¤¬¸¡½Ð¤Ç¤­¤¿»ö¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ ¸¡½Ð·ë²Ì¤Øɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë - ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢GENERIC + ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÄɲäǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¸¡½Ð¸å¡¢ @@ -2220,12 +2219,12 @@ Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/is Handbook - - &os; ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯ (¸½ºß¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬Æɤó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤³¤Îʸ¾Ï¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹) + &os; ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯ (¸½ºß¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬Æɤó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹) ¤Î¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤È¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¡£ - ºÇ¸å¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò´°Î»¸å¡¢Exit + ºÇ¸å¤ÎÀßÄ꤬´°Î»¤·¤¿¤é¡¢Exit ¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò½ªÎ»¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

@@ -2256,7 +2255,7 @@ Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/is
- ¤â¤·ÄɲäÎÀßÄê¤ä¡¢ÆÃÊ̤ʥ»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¬É¬ÍפʤΤǤ¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ + ÄɲäÎÀßÄê¤ä¡¢ÆÃÊ̤ʥ»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ [ Live CD ] ¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤ò Live CD ¥â¡¼¥É¤Çµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ @@ -2281,9 +2280,9 @@ Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/is ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ²èÌ̾夫¤é¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¾Ã¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï Scroll-Lock ¤ò²¡¤·¡¢ - scroll-back buffer ¤Ç¡¢¤ß¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ + scroll-back buffer ¤Ç¡¢¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ PgUp, PgDn - ¤½¤·¤ÆÌð°õ¥­¡¼¤Ç¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÎÆâÍƤò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¤½¤·¤ÆÌð°õ¥­¡¼¤Ç¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ Scroll-Lock ¤ò¤â¤¦°ìÅÙ²¡¤¹¤È¡¢²èÌ̤Υí¥Ã¥¯¤ò³°¤·¡¢ Ä̾ï¤Î²èÌ̤ËÌá¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ @@ -2471,7 +2470,7 @@ login: &os; ¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥«¥ë¤Ê´Ä¶­¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢ ¿¤¯¤Î¤â¤Î¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£ - ¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ + ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Tue Dec 3 16:16:38 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 7AD8D9AD; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 16:16:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 683D81F18; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 16:16:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB3GGcYX088896; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 16:16:38 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB3GGcGs088895; Tue, 3 Dec 2013 16:16:38 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312031616.rB3GGcGs088895@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2013 16:16:38 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43276 - head/share/xml X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 03 Dec 2013 16:16:38 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Tue Dec 3 16:16:37 2013 New Revision: 43276 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43276 Log: Switch to BETA4. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/share/xml/release.ent Modified: head/share/xml/release.ent ============================================================================== --- head/share/xml/release.ent Tue Dec 3 11:15:50 2013 (r43275) +++ head/share/xml/release.ent Tue Dec 3 16:16:37 2013 (r43276) @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ - + @@ -31,6 +31,26 @@ 2013 + 12 + + + 3 + + + &os; 10.0-BETA4 ¸ø³« + +

&os;-10.0 ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ë¤«¤é 4 + ²óÌܤΥ١¼¥¿ÈǤ¬¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿ (¥¢¥Ê¥¦¥ó¥¹)¡£ + &os; + ¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È ¤«¤é amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 ¤ª¤è¤Ó + sparc64 ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤Î ISO ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤òÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ + + + + 11 From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Dec 6 13:43:50 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5A1D08AF; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 13:43:50 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 458EF1E18; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 13:43:50 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB6DhoZ5075736; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 13:43:50 GMT (envelope-from taras@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from taras@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB6DhoX2075735; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 13:43:50 GMT (envelope-from taras@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312061343.rB6DhoX2075735@svn.freebsd.org> From: Taras Korenko Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 13:43:50 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43282 - in head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook: basics users X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2013 13:43:50 -0000 Author: taras Date: Fri Dec 6 13:43:49 2013 New Revision: 43282 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43282 Log: This commit does the following: + some rewordings, simplifications and typo fixes in "Users and Basic Account Management" section (discussed with wblock in ML [1]); + adds xml:ids to three examples and makes use of them; + nothing around "becoming superuser" -- that subchapter was rearranged in r42873; + deletes suddenly revived handbook/users directory (the first attempt was in r42953). 1. http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-doc/2013-November/022881.html Deleted: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/ Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Fri Dec 6 13:13:19 2013 (r43281) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Fri Dec 6 13:43:49 2013 (r43282) @@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ console none The user name is typed at the - login: prompt. User names must be - unique on the system as no two users can have the same + login: prompt. Each user must have + a unique user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user names which are documented in &man.passwd.5;. It is recommended to use user names @@ -443,9 +443,7 @@ console none Password - Each user account should have an associated - password. While the password can be blank, this is - highly discouraged. + Each account has an associated password. @@ -496,9 +494,8 @@ console none Password change time - By default, &os; does not force users to change - their passwords periodically. Password expiration can - be enforced on a per-user basis using &man.pw.8;, + By default, passwords do not expire. However, + password expiration can be enabled on a per-user basis, forcing some or all users to change their passwords after a certain amount of time has elapsed. @@ -586,7 +583,7 @@ console none the superuser, since an extra space or missing character can mean irreparable data loss. - There are several ways to become gain superuser + There are several ways to gain superuser privilege. While one can log in as root, this is highly discouraged. @@ -717,11 +714,12 @@ Password: /usr/share/skel, and can optionally mail the new user a welcome message. This utility must be run as the - superuser + superuser. The &man.adduser.8; utility is interactive and walks through the steps for creating a new user account. As seen - in Example 4.2, either input the required information or + in , + either input the required information or press Return to accept the default value shown in square brackets. In this example, the user has been invited into the @@ -730,7 +728,7 @@ Password: access. When finished, the utility will prompt to either create another user or to exit. - + Adding a User on &os; &prompt.root; adduser @@ -868,7 +866,7 @@ Removing user (jru): mailspool home pass When passed no options, aside from an optional username, &man.chpass.1; displays an editor containing user - information. When the user exists from the editor, the user + information. When the user exits from the editor, the user database is updated with the new information. @@ -877,15 +875,16 @@ Removing user (jru): mailspool home pass superuser. - In Example 4.4, the superuser has typed + In , + the superuser has typed chpass jru and is now viewing the fields that can be changed for this user. If jru runs this command instead, only the last six fields will be displayed - and available for editing. This is shown in Example - 4.5. + and available for editing. This is shown in + . - + Using <command>chpass</command> as Superuser @@ -906,7 +905,7 @@ Home Phone: Other information: - + Using <command>chpass</command> as Regular User @@ -1165,8 +1164,8 @@ passwd: done &man.sysctl.8;. Setting this limit too small may hinder a user's productivity as it is often useful to be logged in multiple times or to execute pipelines. Some tasks, - such as compiling a large program, spawn multiple - processes and other intermediate preprocessors. + such as compiling a large program, start lots of + processes. @@ -1241,8 +1240,8 @@ passwd: done limiting users sbsize , - a user may consume in order to limit network - communications. + a user may consume. This can be generally used to limit + network communications. @@ -1395,7 +1394,7 @@ teamtwo:*:1100:jru,db In this example, the argument to is a comma-delimited list of users who are to be added to the group. Unlike the previous example, these users are appended - to the group list and do not replace the list of existing + to the group and do not replace existing users in the group. From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Dec 6 18:02:01 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 7C0BCC91; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 18:02:01 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 654CC131C; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 18:02:01 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB6I21fZ066419; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 18:02:01 GMT (envelope-from taras@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from taras@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB6I20YO066409; Fri, 6 Dec 2013 18:02:00 GMT (envelope-from taras@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312061802.rB6I20YO066409@svn.freebsd.org> From: Taras Korenko Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 18:02:00 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43283 - in head/ru_RU.KOI8-R: articles/linux-comparison books/handbook/bsdinstall books/handbook/users X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Mailman-Approved-At: Fri, 06 Dec 2013 18:25:20 +0000 X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2013 18:02:01 -0000 Author: taras Date: Fri Dec 6 18:02:00 2013 New Revision: 43283 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43283 Log: MFen: + articles/linux-comparison/article.xml r41645 --> r43184 + books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml r42226 --> r43126 + books/handbook/users/chapter.xml r37398 --> r43126 (WIP) Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/linux-comparison/article.xml head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/linux-comparison/article.xml ============================================================================== --- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/linux-comparison/article.xml Fri Dec 6 13:43:49 2013 (r43282) +++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/linux-comparison/article.xml Fri Dec 6 18:02:00 2013 (r43283) @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne $FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/linux-comparison/article.xml,v 1.7 2007/01/06 18:28:16 gad Exp $ $FreeBSD$ - Original revision: r41645 + Original revision: r43184 -->
&os;: Open Source ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Á &linux; @@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ: - alpha amd64 ia64 &i386; Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Fri Dec 6 13:43:49 2013 (r43282) +++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Fri Dec 6 18:02:00 2013 (r43283) @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project $FreeBSD$ - Original revision: r42226 + Original revision: r43126 --> õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os; ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 9.<replaceable>X</replaceable> É ÂÏÌÅÅ @@ -907,7 +907,8 @@ Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/is <para>÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ &os; ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÁ ×ÓÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÁÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á. åÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÏ, ÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÏ × ×Ù×ÏÄÅ. - <link linkend="kernelconfig-modules">íÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ</link> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ×ÁÍ + <link linkend="kernelconfig-custom-kernel">íÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ</link> + ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ×ÁÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ × ÑÄÒÅ <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para> @@ -2177,6 +2178,7 @@ Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/is ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <literal>no</literal>.</para> <para>úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ +<!-- XXX Broken link: <xref linkend="users-synopsis"/> --> ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="users"/>.</para> </sect2> Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Fri Dec 6 13:43:49 2013 (r43282) +++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Fri Dec 6 18:02:00 2013 (r43283) @@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ $FreeBSD$ $FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml,v 1.19 2008/05/13 13:46:29 den Exp $ - Original revision: r37398 + Original revision: r43126 --> + <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="users"> - <info><title>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ É ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ + + ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ É ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ + NeilBlakey-MilnerðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ @@ -18,35 +21,25 @@ - - ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ - FreeBSD ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÄÅÔØ - ÚÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ É ÐÅÒÅÄ ÜËÒÁÎÏÍ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ - - ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×, ÎÏ ÍÙ - ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÍ ÜÔÕ ÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ . - , ÎÏ ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ - ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Õ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ - ÂÙÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. + &os; ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ + ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. ÷ ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÄÅÔØ + ÚÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ É ÐÅÒÅÄ ÜËÒÁÎÏÍ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ + ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Õ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ: òÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ - FreeBSD. - - - - ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. + &os;. - ëÁË ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. + ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ É ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. @@ -55,9 +48,9 @@ - ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, - ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ CPU ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ - ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ. + ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ + ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÐÁÍÑÔØ É ×ÒÅÍÑ + ãðõ. @@ -70,7 +63,8 @@ - ðÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ× &unix; É FreeBSD (). + ðÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ× &unix; + É &os;. @@ -78,12 +72,11 @@ ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ - ÷ÅÓØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, - É ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ FreeBSD ÉÍÅÅÔ - ×ÓÅÏÂßÅÍÌÀÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ. + ôÁË ËÁË ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, + É ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ + É ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. - ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ + ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ. @@ -91,15 +84,13 @@ éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ - éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÔÏÍ ×ÉÄÅ, × ËÁËÏÍ ÏÎÏ ××ÏÄÉÔÓÑ × - ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ login:. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ - ÂÙÔØ Ä×ÕÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. - óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ × &man.passwd.5;; ×Ù ËÁË - ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ - ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×, ×ÓÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ × - ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ. + éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ××ÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ + login:. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ + × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ + ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ × &man.passwd.5;. + ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ + ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ + ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ. @@ -108,46 +99,46 @@ ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ. ðÁÒÏÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ - ÐÕÓÔÙÍ, × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ. - ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÌÏÈÁÑ ÉÄÅÑ; Õ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ - ÐÁÒÏÌØ. + ÐÕÓÔÙÍ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ. - ID ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (User ID, UID) + ID ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (User ID, UID) - The UID ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ + éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (UID) — + ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ 65535 - ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ UID/GID ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ + ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ + UID/GID ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ 4294967295, ÎÏ ÜÔÉ ID ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ÄÅÌÁÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ Ï ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÈ ID. , ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. óÁÍÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD ÄÌÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ UID — ÌÀÂÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ FreeBSD, - ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÁÑ ×ÁÍ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ - ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ë UID. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ - ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, - ÎÏ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ UID. FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ËÁË - ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. íÁÌÏ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ËÏÇÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÜÔÏ - ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ. + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. óÁÍÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ &os; ÄÌÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ UID. ìÀÂÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ + &os;, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÁÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ + ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ë UID. íÁÌÏ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, + ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ UID. &os; ÂÕÄÅÔ + ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ËÁË ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. - ID ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (Group ID, GID) + éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (Group ID, GID) - GID ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ + éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (GID) — + ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ 65535, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. çÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ - ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å GID ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ UID. - üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. - ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ - ÇÒÕÐÐÕ. + ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å GID ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ + ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ UID. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ + ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ + ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ. @@ -165,10 +156,9 @@ ÷ÒÅÍÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ - ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÕÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÉÞÅÓËÉ - ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÚÁÓÔÁ×É× ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÌÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÅÎÑÔØ - ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÛÅÓÔ×ÉÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ. + ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ &os; ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÕÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ. + ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÏÂÑÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ. @@ -176,13 +166,12 @@ ÷ÒÅÍÑ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ - ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × FreeBSD ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÅ - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ - ÖÉÚÎÉ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÌÑ - ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× × ÛËÏÌÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ - ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ - ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, - ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ + ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï &os; ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÅ + ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÒÏËÁ + ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× × ÕÞÅÂÎÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÉ, + ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÄÁÔÕ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ + ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ + × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ. @@ -192,7 +181,7 @@ éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ - ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × FreeBSD, ÎÏ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × &os;, ÎÏ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Ó ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. @@ -202,15 +191,12 @@ äÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ - äÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÐÕÔØ Ë ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÕ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, × - ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁÞÎÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. - ðÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÏÍÕ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ ×ÓÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × - /home/username - ÉÌÉ - /usr/home/username. - ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÈÒÁÎÑÔ ÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ É × ÌÀÂÙÈ - ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ. + äÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÙÍ ÐÕÔÅÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. + ó ÎÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁÞÎÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ðÏ + ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÏÍÕ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ ×ÓÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ + ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × /home/username ÉÌÉ + /usr/home/username. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÈÒÁÎÑÔ + ÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ É ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ. @@ -219,7 +205,7 @@ ïÂÏÌÏÞËÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ËÁË ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Ï ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ - Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÉÄÏ× + Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÉÄÏ× ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË, ÏÐÙÔÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÙ × ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ ÉÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ. @@ -227,15 +213,18 @@ - óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, É ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. + óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: + ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, + ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, É + ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ - root, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ - ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔ - ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ - ÌÀÄÑÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ. - + root, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ + ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ + ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ + ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ, É ÔÁË + ÄÁÌÅÅ. - + õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ @@ -243,46 +232,43 @@ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (root) õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ - root, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ + root, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ, ÏÂÝÅÅ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë - ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ - ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ - ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÅÚÄÅ, - ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÏËÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ - ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÌÑ ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ. - - ÷Ù ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ É ÔÒÉÖÄÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ - ÐÏÄ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÄÁÖÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÌÉÛÎÉÊ - ÐÒÏÂÅÌ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÂÅÚ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÎÏÊ - ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. - - ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ - ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù, ÜÔÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ - ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÅÝÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ). - üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ ÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁ - ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. - ðÏÚÖÅ × ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Å ÍÙ ÏÂÓÕÄÉÍ ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, - É ËÁË ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ É - ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. - + ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ + ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ + ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ + × ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÈ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ + ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÅÚÄÅ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ. + + ÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÊÔÅ É ÐÅÒÅÐÅÒÅÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÄ + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÄÁÖÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÌÉÛÎÉÊ ÐÒÏÂÅÌ + ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÂÅÚ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÅ + ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. + + ÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ + ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÅÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ. + üÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÏ ËÁË Ë ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ, ÔÁË É + Ë ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ + ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, É ËÁË ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ + ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ É ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. + - + óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ - óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ - ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ - ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ - ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. + óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ + ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ + ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ + ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ @@ -292,44 +278,47 @@ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ operator - ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÜÔÏ daemon, - operator, bind (ÄÌÑ - Domain Name Service, DNS), news É - www. + ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: + daemon, + operator, + bind, + news É + www. ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ nobody - nobody ÜÔÏ ËÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ - ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÎÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÞÅÍ - ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ nobody, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ - ÆÁÊÌÏ× É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÁÓÓÏÃÉÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ - ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÁ× ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. - + nobody ÜÔÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÁÑ + ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ + ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ + nobody, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× + É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ + ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÁ× ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. + - + õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ - ÄÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÌÀÄÅÊ, É ÜÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÔÄÅÌÑÀÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É - ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ - ÉÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ - ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÂÅÚ ×ÌÉÑÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. - - ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÝÁÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ - ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÍ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ - ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË - ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÞÕÖÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ. + õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ + Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ. üÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÉÚÏÌÉÒÕÀÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É + ÉÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ + ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ + ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÂÅÚ ×ÌÉÑÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. + + ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÝÁÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÍÅÔØ + ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ + ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ + ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÞÕÖÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ - ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ - ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË, ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏ×, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÑÚÙËÁ. + ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, + ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÚÙËÁ. + @@ -340,7 +329,7 @@ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ - ÷ ÓÒÅÄÅ &unix; ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ + &os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ, ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. @@ -401,13 +390,12 @@ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÏ× skeleton directory &man.adduser.8; ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ïÎÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ - passwd É group. - ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, - ËÏÐÉÒÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ (dotfiles, ÆÁÊÌÙ - ÉÍÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ .) ÉÚ - /usr/share/skel É ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ - ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ. + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ + Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔ /etc/passwd É + /etc/group. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ + ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÐÉÒÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÚ + /usr/share/skel, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ. äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × &os; @@ -445,9 +433,8 @@ Goodbye! - ðÁÒÏÌØ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ××ÏÄÉÔÅ, ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, - Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÉ ÐÒÉ ××ÏÄÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ. - õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÏÛÉÂÌÉÓØ ÐÒÉ ××ÏÄÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ. + ôÁË ËÁË ××ÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ + ÄÏÐÕÝÅÎÏ ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË × ÐÁÒÏÌÅ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. @@ -460,44 +447,51 @@ Goodbye! ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ - äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.rmuser.8;. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ - ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ: + äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ + &man.rmuser.8;. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ: - õÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ &man.crontab.1; (ÅÓÌÉ - ÏÎÁ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ). + åÓÌÉ × &man.crontab.1; ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ + ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ. + - õÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ &man.at.1;, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ. + õÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ &man.at.1;. + - õÎÉÞÔÏÖÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ. + õÎÉÞÔÏÖÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ. + - õÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ. + õÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ + ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ. + - õÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ). + åÓÌÉ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÔÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ + ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ. + - õÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÕÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÕÀ ÐÏÞÔÕ ÉÚ + õÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÁÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ ÉÚ /var/mail. + - õÄÁÌÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× - Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ /tmp. + õÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× + Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ + /tmp. + - îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÏÎÏ - ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ, × /etc/group. + îÁËÏÎÅÃ, × /etc/group ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ + ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ É - ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ; + ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ &man.adduser.8;. @@ -508,8 +502,8 @@ Goodbye! ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÕÛÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. - ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ - ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑÈ. + ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÜÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ + × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ. éÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÅ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ @@ -534,21 +528,21 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /va <title><command>chpass</command> chpass - &man.chpass.1; ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ: - ÐÁÒÏÌÉ, ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ. + &man.chpass.1; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ + × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ: ÐÁÒÏÌÉ, ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ + ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. - ôÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÙ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ - ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ - &man.chpass.1;. + ôÏÌØËÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.chpass.1;. ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÂÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× (ËÒÏÍÅ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ), &man.chpass.1; ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ, - ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ. + ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ. - ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ - ÐÁÒÏÌØ (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ). + åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ + ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ. @@ -572,7 +566,7 @@ Home Phone: Other information: - ïÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜÔÏÊ + ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜÔÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. @@ -589,11 +583,11 @@ Other information: - &man.chfn.1; É &man.chsh.1; ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ + &man.chfn.1; É &man.chsh.1; ÜÔÏ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ &man.chpass.1;, ËÁË É &man.ypchpass.1;, &man.ypchfn.1; É - &man.ypchsh.1;. NIS ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ - ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ yp ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ. - åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ, ÎÅ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÊÔÅÓØ, NIS ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎ × + &man.ypchsh.1;. NIS ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, + ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ yp ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ. + îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ NIS ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ × . @@ -611,7 +605,9 @@ Other information: äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, - ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ. + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ + ÐÁÒÏÌÑ. ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÎÅ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ + ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. @@ -639,13 +635,12 @@ passwd: done - ëÁË É Ó &man.chpass.1;, &man.yppasswd.1; ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ + ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó &man.chpass.1;, &man.yppasswd.1; ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ &man.passwd.1;, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ NIS ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÏÂÅÉÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ. - <command>pw</command> pw @@ -668,11 +663,9 @@ passwd: done ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ - åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÍÙÓÌØ Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ - ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÂßÅÍÁ - ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ×ÉÄÁ - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. + &os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ + ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á + ×ÉÄÁ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. Ë×ÏÔÙ @@ -680,9 +673,10 @@ passwd: done Ë×ÏÔÙ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ - äÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÏÇÏ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ÜÔÏ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÂÅÚ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ - ÅÇÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ. ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × . + äÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÏÇÏ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÏÇÏ + ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÓÞÅÔÁ ÅÇÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ. ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × + . äÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ CPU, ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÔØÓÑ @@ -693,27 +687,25 @@ passwd: done /etc/login.conf ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ × - /etc/login.conf. ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÉ - ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌÁ, ÏÎÁ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏ - ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ × ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.login.conf.5;. äÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ - ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ËÌÁÓÓ + /etc/login.conf, ÏÎÉ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ + ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.login.conf.5;. ëÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ËÌÁÓÓ (default ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ), É ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ËÌÁÓÓÕ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË. èÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÁÒÙ ÉÍÑ=ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÇÄÅ ÉÍÑ ÜÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ, Á ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, - ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÎÉ. îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÌÁÓÓÏ× É - ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ É ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ × + ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÎÉ. + îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÌÁÓÓÏ× É ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ, É ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ × &man.login.conf.5;. - óÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÅ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ × - /etc/login.conf ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÏÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ - Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ /etc/login.conf.db ÄÌÑ - ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ. - äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ /etc/login.conf.db ÉÚ - /etc/login.conf, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ - ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ: + &os;, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÅ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ × + /etc/login.conf ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, + ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ + /etc/login.conf.db ÄÌÑ ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ. + ÷ÓÑËÉÊ ÒÁÚ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ /etc/login.conf + ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ /etc/login.conf.db ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ + ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ: &prompt.root; cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf @@ -723,38 +715,34 @@ passwd: done (ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ) É ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ. íÑÇËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅÍ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ. ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÏ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, ÎÏ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÏ. ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ Ë ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, - Á ÎÅ Ë ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ - ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÏÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, Á ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ - ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ (Ô.Å. ÜÔÏ ÎÅ - ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË). + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, Á Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÏ — ÌÉÛØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, + ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ + ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, Á ÎÅ Ë ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ. üÔÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ + ÄÉËÔÕÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, Á ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ + ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ. îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ - ÎÁ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ (ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ, ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ - ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × &man.login.conf.5;). + ÎÁ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ, ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ, + ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × &man.login.conf.5;. coredumpsize - coredumpsize - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - coredumpsize - - ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ core, ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ, - ÐÏ ÏÞÅ×ÉÄÎÙÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ÐÏÄÞÉÎÑÀÝÅÅÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍ - ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, - filesize, ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ). - ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÏÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÅÎÅÅ ÓÔÒÏÇÉÊ - ÍÅÔÏÄ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á: - ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ core ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, - É ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÉÈ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ - ÐÒÅÄÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÔ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ, ÅÓÌÉ - ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, emacs) - ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ core ÆÁÊÌ. + ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÁÍÐÁ + ÐÁÍÑÔÉcoredumpsize, + ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ, ÐÏÄÞÉÎÑÀÝÅÅÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ + ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊcoredumpsize + ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ + ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, ÔÁËÉÍ ËÁË filesize, ÉÌÉ + ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ Ë×ÏÔÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÅÎÅÅ + ÓÔÒÏÇÉÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á. + ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÁÍÐÏ× ÐÁÍÑÔÉ + ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, É ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÉÈ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ + ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÏÔ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ + ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ + ÆÁÊÌ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. @@ -762,24 +750,15 @@ passwd: done cputime - cputime - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - cputime - - üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ CPU, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ðÒÅ×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÙ - ÑÄÒÏÍ. + üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï + ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉcputimeÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊcputime + ãðõ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ðÒÅ×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ + ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÙ ÑÄÒÏÍ. - üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ - ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ CPU, Á ÎÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ - CPU, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌÑÈ &man.top.1; - É &man.ps.1;. ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÎÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ - ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙ É ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ - ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ: ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ — ×ÐÏÌÎÅ ÚÁËÏÎÎÏÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ - — ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÞÔÉ 100% - CPU. + üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ + ãðõ, Á ÎÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ãðõ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ + × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌÑÈ &man.top.1; É &man.ps.1;. @@ -788,15 +767,12 @@ passwd: done filesize - filesize - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - filesize - - üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ - Ë×ÏÔ, ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ, - Á ÎÅ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÕ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. + üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ + ÆÁÊÌÁfilesizeÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊfilesize, + ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÌÁÄÅÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ + ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ, ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ + ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ, Á ÎÅ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÕ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÈ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. @@ -804,22 +780,17 @@ passwd: done maxproc - maxproc - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - maxproc - - üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ - ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ É ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÅ - É ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ. ðÏ ÏÞÅ×ÉÄÎÙÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ, ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ - ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ - ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ &man.sysctl.8; kern.maxproc. - éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ - ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÍÅÈÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ - × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÎÁÌÙ. - îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, - ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, &man.make.1;, - &man.cc.1; É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÅÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÙ). + üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ + ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×maxprocÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊmaxproc, + ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ + É ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÅ, É ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ + ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÌÉÍÉÔ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ + &man.sysctl.8; kern.maxproc. þÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ + ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÍÅÈÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ + Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÎÁÌÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ, + ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï + ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×. @@ -827,17 +798,13 @@ passwd: done memorylocked - memorylocked - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - memorylocked - - üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ - ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ (ÓÍ. ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ - &man.mlock.2;). îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ - ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË &man.amd.8;, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÔÁË, - ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÅ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ - ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ. + üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ + ÐÁÍÑÔÉmemorylockedÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊmemorylocked, + ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ + &man.mlock.2;. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, + ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË &man.amd.8;, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ ÏÔ×ÅÄÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÔÁË, + ÞÔÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏÂÕËÓÏ×Ù×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (system + thrashing) ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÕÓÕÇÕÂÌÑÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ. @@ -845,16 +812,12 @@ passwd: done memoryuse - memoryuse - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - memoryuse - - üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÎÑÔÁ - ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ. ïÎ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ É - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÓÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, - Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ. + üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ + ÐÁÍÑÔÉmemoryuseÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊmemoryuse, + ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÎÑÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ. óÀÄÁ + ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ + ÎÅ ÓÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ + ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ. @@ -862,17 +825,13 @@ passwd: done openfiles - openfiles - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - openfiles - üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ - ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ. ÷ FreeBSD, ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ - ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× É ËÁÎÁÌÏ× IPC; ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ - ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ. ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÏÅ - ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ &man.sysctl.8; - kern.maxfiles. + ÏÔËÒÙÔÙopenfilesÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊopenfiles + ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ. ÷ &os; ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ + ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× É ËÁÎÁÌÏ× IPC, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ + ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ. ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ, + ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ + &man.sysctl.8; kern.maxfiles. @@ -880,16 +839,10 @@ passwd: done sbsize - sbsize - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - sbsize - - üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ - ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, Ô.Å. mbufs. ïÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ××ÅÄÅÎÏ ËÁË ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ - DoS ÁÔÁËÉ, ÐÒÉ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏËÅÔÏ×, - ÎÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ É ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ - ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ. + üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÏÂßÅÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, Ô.Å. + mbufssbsizeÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊsbsize, + ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ + ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ. @@ -897,12 +850,8 @@ passwd: done stacksize - stacksize - - ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - stacksize *** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES *** From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 11:31:53 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 464B8AED; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:31:53 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 29BA615CC; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:31:53 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7BVrDg029715; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:31:53 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7BVrY4029714; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:31:53 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071131.rB7BVrY4029714@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:31:53 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43284 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 11:31:53 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 11:31:52 2013 New Revision: 43284 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43284 Log: Document __FreeBSD_version 1000100. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Fri Dec 6 18:02:00 2013 (r43283) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Sat Dec 7 11:31:52 2013 (r43284) @@ -4817,6 +4817,14 @@ it was never committed: + 1000100 + December 7, 2013 + releng/10.0 branched from + stable/10 + (rev 259065). + + + 1000500 October 10, 2013 10-STABLE after branch from head/ From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 11:45:15 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 36275D60; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:45:15 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 22FFE163D; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:45:15 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7BjFZg033462; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:45:15 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7BjECo033461; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:45:14 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071145.rB7BjECo033461@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 11:45:14 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43285 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 11:45:15 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 11:45:14 2013 New Revision: 43285 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43285 Log: Document __FreeBSD_version values 1000501 and 1000502. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Sat Dec 7 11:31:52 2013 (r43284) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Sat Dec 7 11:45:14 2013 (r43285) @@ -4832,6 +4832,21 @@ it was never committed: + 1000501 + October 22, 2013 + 10-STABLE after addition of first-boot &man.rc.8; support + (rev 256916). + + + + 1000502 + November 20, 2013 + 10-STABLE after removal of iconv symbols from + libc.so.7 + (rev 258398). + + + 1100000 October 10, 2013 11.0-CURRENT. From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 13:08:25 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5D7E4EE3; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 13:08:25 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4A1741D8C; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 13:08:25 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7D8PK5061013; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 13:08:25 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7D8PUD061012; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 13:08:25 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071308.rB7D8PUD061012@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 13:08:25 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43286 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 13:08:25 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 13:08:24 2013 New Revision: 43286 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43286 Log: Document __FreeBSD_version values 1000510 and 1000700. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Sat Dec 7 11:45:14 2013 (r43285) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/versions.xml Sat Dec 7 13:08:24 2013 (r43286) @@ -4847,6 +4847,21 @@ it was never committed: + 1000510 + December 7, 2013 + releng/10.0 __FreeBSD_version + update to prevent the value from going backwards + (rev 259067). + + + + 1000700 + December 7, 2013 + 10-STABLE after releng/10.0 branch + (rev 259069). + + + 1100000 October 10, 2013 11.0-CURRENT. From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 14:39:21 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id ED3F6E62; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:39:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D94C71205; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:39:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7EdLFU091492; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:39:21 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7EdLhG091491; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:39:21 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071439.rB7EdLhG091491@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:39:21 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43287 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 14:39:22 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 14:39:21 2013 New Revision: 43287 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43287 Log: Add entry for releng/10.0 branch. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Sat Dec 7 13:08:24 2013 (r43286) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Sat Dec 7 14:39:21 2013 (r43287) @@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ + releng/10.0 + Frozen + &contact.re; + FreeBSD 10.0 supported errata fix branch. + + + stable/9 Open committers From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 14:40:16 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 751A8EC7; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:40:16 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 620C8120F; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:40:16 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7EeG0I091686; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:40:16 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7EeGML091685; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:40:16 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071440.rB7EeGML091685@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:40:16 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43288 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 14:40:16 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 14:40:15 2013 New Revision: 43288 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43288 Log: releng/9.2 has been turned over to so@ already. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Sat Dec 7 14:39:21 2013 (r43287) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Sat Dec 7 14:40:15 2013 (r43288) @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ releng/9.2 Frozen - &contact.re; + &contact.so; FreeBSD 9.2 supported errata fix branch. From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 14:46:23 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D48E6A2; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:46:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B49B9125A; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:46:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7EkNP8094485; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:46:23 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7EkNug094484; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:46:23 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071446.rB7EkNug094484@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:46:23 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43289 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 14:46:23 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 14:46:23 2013 New Revision: 43289 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43289 Log: Replace CVS branch names with Subversion branch names. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Sat Dec 7 14:40:15 2013 (r43288) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml Sat Dec 7 14:46:23 2013 (r43289) @@ -137,245 +137,245 @@ - RELENG_8_3 + releng/8.3 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 8.3 supported errata fix branch. - RELENG_8_2 + releng/8.2 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 8.2 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_8_1 + releng/8.1 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 8.1 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_8_0 + releng/8.0 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 8.0 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_7 + stable/7 Open committers Maintenance branch for 7-STABLE (not officially supported). - RELENG_7_4 + releng/7.4 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 7.4 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_7_3 + releng/7.3 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 7.3 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_7_2 + releng/7.2 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 7.2 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_7_1 + releng/7.1 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 7.1 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_7_0 + releng/7.0 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 7.0 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_6 + stable/6 Open committers Maintenance branch for 6-STABLE (not officially supported). - RELENG_6_4 + releng/6.4 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 6.4 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_6_3 + releng/6.3 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 6.3 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_6_2 + releng/6.2 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 6.2 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_6_1 + releng/6.1 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 6.1 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_6_0 + releng/6.0 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 6.0 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_5 + stable/5 Open committers Maintenance branch for 5-STABLE (not officially supported). - RELENG_5_5 + releng/5.5 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 5.5 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_5_4 + releng/5.4 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 5.4 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_5_3 + releng/5.3 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 5.3 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_5_2 + releng/5.2 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 5.2 / 5.2.1 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_5_1 + releng/5.1 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 5.1 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_5_0 + releng/5.0 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 5.0 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4 + stable/4 Open committers Maintenance branch for 4-STABLE (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_11 + releng/4.11 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.11 errata fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_10 + releng/4.10 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.10 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_9 + releng/4.9 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.9 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_8 + releng/4.8 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.8 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_7 + releng/4.7 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.7 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_6 + releng/4.6 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.6 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_5 + releng/4.5 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.5 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_4 + releng/4.4 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.4 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_4_3 + releng/4.3 Frozen &contact.so; FreeBSD 4.3 security fix branch (not officially supported). - RELENG_3 + stable/3 Open committers Maintenance branch for 3-STABLE (not officially supported). - RELENG_2_2 + stable/2.2 Open committers Maintenance branch for 2.2-STABLE (not officially supported). From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 14:47:20 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 59BF5119; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:47:20 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 45880125E; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:47:20 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7ElK7A094629; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:47:20 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from gjb@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7ElK3L094628; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:47:20 GMT (envelope-from gjb@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312071447.rB7ElK3L094628@svn.freebsd.org> From: Glen Barber Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 14:47:20 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43290 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 14:47:20 -0000 Author: gjb Date: Sat Dec 7 14:47:19 2013 New Revision: 43290 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43290 Log: Update the 10.0R schedule page to reflect 10.0-RC1 builds have begun. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml Sat Dec 7 14:46:23 2013 (r43289) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/10.0R/schedule.xml Sat Dec 7 14:47:19 2013 (r43290) @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ RC1 builds begin 25 October 2013
7 December 2013 - - + 7 December 2013 First release candidate. From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sat Dec 7 23:00:34 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 7EBA6B38; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 23:00:34 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6AAC61028; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 23:00:34 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id rB7N0Yrt067854; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 23:00:34 GMT (envelope-from eadler@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from eadler@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id rB7N0YnQ067853; Sat, 7 Dec 2013 23:00:34 GMT (envelope-from eadler@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201312072300.rB7N0YnQ067853@svn.freebsd.org> From: Eitan Adler Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2013 23:00:34 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43291 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 23:00:34 -0000 Author: eadler Date: Sat Dec 7 23:00:33 2013 New Revision: 43291 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43291 Log: Update the merging chapter and explain the new merging policy. Reviewed by: peter Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml Sat Dec 7 14:47:19 2013 (r43290) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/article.xml Sat Dec 7 23:00:33 2013 (r43291) @@ -1122,7 +1122,26 @@ - Selecting the Source and Target + Selecting the Source and Target for stable/10 and + newer. + + Starting with the stable/10 branch all merges should be + merged to and committed from the root of the + branch. All merges should look like: + + &prompt.user; svn merge -c r123456 ^/head/ checkout +&prompt.user; svn commit checkout + + Note that checkout should + be a complete checkout of the branch to which the merge + occurs. + + + + + + Selecting the Source and Target for stable/9 and + older. Because of mergeinfo propagation, it is important to choose the source and target for the merge carefully to