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From: Eitan Adler
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2020 00:14:35 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53775 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config
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Author: eadler
Date: Mon Jan 13 00:14:34 2020
New Revision: 53775
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53775
Log:
handbook: remove "creating a Swap File" for 9.x and older
9.x is no longer supported
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml Sat Jan 11 12:02:41 2020 (r53774)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml Mon Jan 13 00:14:34 2020 (r53775)
@@ -2789,8 +2789,7 @@ kern.maxvnodes: 100000
a custom kernel.
- Creating a Swap File on
- &os; 10.X and Later
+ Creating a Swap File
@@ -2821,43 +2820,6 @@ kern.maxvnodes: 100000
swap space immediately, use &man.swapon.8;:
&prompt.root; swapon -aL
-
-
-
-
-
- Creating a Swap File on
- &os; 9.X and Earlier
-
-
-
- Create the swap file,
- /usr/swap0:
-
- &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64
-
-
-
- Set the proper permissions on
- /usr/swap0:
-
- &prompt.root; chmod 0600 /usr/swap0
-
-
-
- Enable the swap file in
- /etc/rc.conf:
-
- swapfile="/usr/swap0" # Set to name of swap file
-
-
-
- Swap space will be added on system startup. To
- enable the swap file immediately, specify a free memory
- device. Refer to for
- more information about memory devices.
-
- &prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0
From owner-svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Mon Jan 13 20:30:26 2020
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From: Sergio Carlavilla Delgado
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2020 20:30:26 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53776 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docproj
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Author: carlavilla
Date: Mon Jan 13 20:30:25 2020
New Revision: 53776
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53776
Log:
Update the information of the translation page:
Remove the Romain documentation project. The website is down.
Update the Bulgarian URL and remove the mail list.
Update the Traditional Chinese URL.
Update the Estonian URL.
Update the Korean URL.
Remove obsolete URL in the Mongolian Documentation Project.
Remove the Polish URL. The website is down.
Remove the Spanish mailing list. Website down.
Patch by: carlavilla@
Approved by: bcr@
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23044
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docproj/translations.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docproj/translations.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docproj/translations.xml Mon Jan 13 00:14:34 2020 (r53775)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docproj/translations.xml Mon Jan 13 20:30:25 2020 (r53776)
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
We usually use tw.bbs.comp.386bsd to discuss these issue.
It can be access by the following URL:
- NCTU CSIE Web News PTT WebBBS Google Group
and anything else which newsreader can read tw.bbs.comp.386bsd.
FreeBSD Handbook.
- The Mongolian translation of the FreeBSD Handbook is part of
- the FreeBSD doc/ tree. Translation work continues, and the
- latest documents are available online at:
- http://www.mnbsd.org/freebsd_mn_doc/.
- If you want to help with the Mongolian Documentation Project, a good
- starting point is the
- readme_translators.txt
- mini-guide, available at http://www.mnbsd.org/.
To subscribe to the ro-l10n mailing list see the project's webpage
- or send an e-mail to listar@rofug.ro
- with "subscribe ro-l10n" in the body of the message.
- Postings are allowed only for the ro-l10n list members.
-
Our web pages remain one of the best sources of information, and
- are also mirrored at many sites around the world. Try connecting to
- www.yourcountry.FreeBSD.org (e.g. www.de.FreeBSD.org for
- Germany or www.au.FreeBSD.org for
- Australia), or select a mirror from the drop-down list on the
- front page.
+
Our web pages remain one of the best sources of information,
+ and are also mirrored at many sites around the world. Try
+ connecting to www.FreeBSD.org/yourcountry
+ (e.g., www.FreeBSD.org/de/
+ for Germany or select a mirror from the drop-down list on the
+ front page.
-
The FreeBSD web pages are translated into several
- languages. Links to the translated versions of these web
- pages can be found on the front
- page.
+
The FreeBSD web pages are translated into several languages.
+ Links to the translated versions of these web pages can be
+ found on the front page.
For information on recent FreeBSD progress and releases, see the
- Newsflash page.
-
-
-
+
For information on recent FreeBSD progress and releases, see
+ the Newsflash
+ page.
+
From owner-svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Wed Jan 15 00:25:27 2020
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From: Guangyuan Yang
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 00:25:27 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53779 - head/zh_CN.UTF-8/share/xml
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Author: ygy
Date: Wed Jan 15 00:25:26 2020
New Revision: 53779
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53779
Log:
Merge from the English version.
MFen: r51826 -> r52500
Modified:
head/zh_CN.UTF-8/share/xml/trademarks.ent
Modified: head/zh_CN.UTF-8/share/xml/trademarks.ent
==============================================================================
--- head/zh_CN.UTF-8/share/xml/trademarks.ent Tue Jan 14 20:15:08 2020 (r53778)
+++ head/zh_CN.UTF-8/share/xml/trademarks.ent Wed Jan 15 00:25:26 2020 (r53779)
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
Please keep this file sorted.
$FreeBSD$
- Original revision: r51826
+ Original revision: r52500
-->
3Com HomeConnect
@@ -360,6 +360,11 @@ Coverity Extend鐚 Coverity Prevent Coverity Preve
Ogg Vorbis Xiph.Org Xiph.Org ">
+
+
+
+
+
莅後狗膸篏睡筝篋腱遺減丈絖莅乗≧ュ衆乗綏援篋у
罅d賢榊ー鐚 筝 FreeBSD Project ユ鐚√篁 ™
From owner-svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Wed Jan 15 16:03:56 2020
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From: Rene Ladan
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 16:03:56 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53780 - head/share/pgpkeys
X-SVN-Group: doc-head
X-SVN-Commit-Author: rene
X-SVN-Commit-Paths: head/share/pgpkeys
X-SVN-Commit-Revision: 53780
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Author: rene
Date: Wed Jan 15 16:03:55 2020
New Revision: 53780
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53780
Log:
Extend my PGP key with 2 years.
Modified:
head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key
Modified: head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key
==============================================================================
--- head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key Wed Jan 15 00:25:26 2020 (r53779)
+++ head/share/pgpkeys/rene.key Wed Jan 15 16:03:55 2020 (r53780)
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
sh addkey.sh rene ADBBF8610A3789B7 ;
-->
-sub rsa4096/CB77BE03B67184C6 2012-11-18 [E] [expires: 2020-01-14]
+sub rsa4096/CB77BE03B67184C6 2012-11-18 [E] [expires: 2022-01-14]
]]>
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From: Sergio Carlavilla Delgado
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 20:18:10 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53781 - in head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles: .
filtering-bridges
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Author: carlavilla
Date: Wed Jan 15 20:18:10 2020
New Revision: 53781
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53781
Log:
Add the Spanish translation of the article filtering bridges
Patch by: carlavilla@
Approved by: gabor@(mentor)
Added:
head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/
head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/Makefile (contents, props changed)
head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/article.xml (contents, props changed)
head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/es_ES.po (contents, props changed)
Modified:
head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile
Modified: head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile
==============================================================================
--- head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile Wed Jan 15 16:03:55 2020 (r53780)
+++ head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile Wed Jan 15 20:18:10 2020 (r53781)
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ SUBDIR =
SUBDIR+= contributing
SUBDIR+= cups
SUBDIR+= explaining-bsd
+SUBDIR+= filtering-bridges
SUBDIR+= fdp-es
SUBDIR+= freebsd-questions
SUBDIR+= ipsec-must
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ SUBDIR+= linux-users
SUBDIR+= mailing-list-faq
SUBDIR+= nanobsd
SUBDIR+= port-mentor-guidelines
+SUBDIR+= pr-guidelines
SUBDIR+= p4-primer
SUBDIR+= problem-reports
SUBDIR+= releng
Added: head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/Makefile
==============================================================================
--- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added)
+++ head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/Makefile Wed Jan 15 20:18:10 2020 (r53781)
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#
+# The FreeBSD Documentation Project
+# The FreeBSD Spanish Documentation Project
+#
+# $FreeBSD$
+#
+# Article: Filtering Bridges
+
+MAINTAINER=carlavilla@FreeBSD.org
+
+DOC?= article
+
+FORMATS?= html html-split
+WITH_ARTICLE_TOC?= YES
+
+INSTALL_COMPRESSED?= gz
+INSTALL_ONLY_COMPRESSED?=
+
+SRCS= article.xml
+
+URL_RELPREFIX?= ../../../..
+DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../..
+
+.include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/doc.project.mk"
Added: head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/article.xml
==============================================================================
--- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added)
+++ head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/article.xml Wed Jan 15 20:18:10 2020 (r53781)
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+
+
+
+ Filtering Bridges
+
+
+
+ AlexDupreale@FreeBSD.org
+
+
+
+ FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.
+ 3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation.
+ Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.
+ Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the or the 速 symbol.
+
+
+ $FreeBSD$
+
+ $FreeBSD$
+
+
+ A menudo es 炭til dividir una red f鱈sica (como una Ethernet) en dos segmentos separados sin tener que crear subredes y usar un router para vincularlas. El dispositivo que conecta las dos redes se llama bridge. Un sistema FreeBSD con dos interfaces de red es suficiente para actuar como un bridge.
+
+ Un bridge funciona escaneando las direcciones del nivel MAC (direcciones Ethernet) de los dispositivos conectados a cada una de sus interfaces de red y luego reenv鱈a el tr叩fico entre las dos redes solo si la fuente y el destino est叩n en diferentes segmentos. En muchos aspectos, un bridge es similar a un switch de Ethernet con solo dos puertos.
+
+
+
+
+ 多Por qu辿 utilizar un bridge que haga filtrado?
+
+ Con m叩s frecuencia, gracias a la reducci坦n del coste de las conexiones de banda ancha a Internet (xDSL) y tambi辿n a la reducci坦n de las direcciones IPv4 disponibles, muchas empresas est叩n conectadas a Internet las 24 horas del d鱈a y con pocas (a veces ni siquiera 2) direcciones IP. En estas situaciones, a menudo, es deseable tener un firewall que filtre el tr叩fico entrante y saliente desde y hacia Internet, pero es posible que no se pueda aplicar un filtrado de paquetes como soluci坦n, ya sea por problemas de subredes, porque el router sea de propiedad del proveedor de servicios de internet (ISP), o porque no admite tales funcionalidades. En estos escenarios, se recomienda el uso de un brigde que realice el filtrado.
+
+ Un firewall basado en un bridge que filtre se puede configurar e insertar entre el router xDSL y su hub/switch Ethernet sin causar ning炭n problema de numeraci坦n IP.
+
+
+
+ Proceso de instalaci坦n
+
+ No es dif鱈cil a単adir funcionalidades de brigde a un sistema FreeBSD. Desde la versi坦n 4.5 es posible cargar funcionalidades como m坦dulos en lugar de tener que volver a compilar el kernel, simplificando mucho el procedimiento. En las siguientes subsecciones explicar辿 ambas formas de instalaci坦n.
+
+
+ No siga ambas instrucciones: un procedimiento excluye el otro. Seleccione la mejor opci坦n de acuerdo a sus necesidades y habilidades.
+
+
+ Antes de continuar, aseg炭rese de tener al menos dos tarjetas Ethernet que admitan el modo promiscuo tanto para la recepci坦n como para la transmisi坦n, ya que deben poder enviar paquetes Ethernet con cualquier direcci坦n, no solo la suya. Adem叩s, para tener una buena tasa de transferencia, las tarjetas deben ser tarjetas del bus PCI. Las mejores opciones siguen siendo Intel EtherExpress Pro, seguida de la 3Com 3c9xx series. Para simplificar la configuraci坦n del firewall, puede ser 炭til tener dos tarjetas de diferentes fabricantes (con diferentes controladores) para distinguir claramente qu辿 interfaz est叩 conectada al router y cu叩l a la red interna.
+
+
+ Configuraci坦n del kernel
+
+ Entonces ha decidido utilizar el m辿todo de instalaci坦n m叩s antiguo, y tambi辿n el m叩s probado. Para empezar, debe agregar las siguientes l鱈neas a su archivo de configuraci坦n del kernel:
+
+ options BRIDGE
+options IPFIREWALL
+options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
+
+ La primera l鱈nea a単ade el soporte para el bridge, la segunda a単ade la compatibilidad con el firewall y la tercera se refiere a las funciones de logging del firewall.
+
+ Ahora es necesario compilar e instalar el nuevo kernel. Puede encontrar instrucciones detalladas en la secci坦n compilar e instalar un kernel personalizado del manual de FreeBSD.
+
+
+
+ Carga de m坦dulos
+
+ Si ha elegido usar el nuevo y m叩s simple m辿todo de instalaci坦n, lo 炭nico que debe hacer es a単adir la siguiente l鱈nea a /boot/loader.conf :
+
+ bridge_load="YES"
+
+ De esta forma, durante el inicio del sistema, el m坦dulo bridge.ko se cargar叩 junto con el kernel. No es necesario a単adir una l鱈nea similar para el m坦dulo ipfw.ko, ya que se cargar叩 autom叩ticamente despu辿s de la ejecuci坦n de los pasos de la siguiente secci坦n.
+
+
+
+
+ Preparaci坦n final
+
+ Antes de reiniciar para cargar el nuevo kernel o los m坦dulos requeridos (de acuerdo con el m辿todo de instalaci坦n elegido anteriormente), debe realizar algunos cambios en el archivo de configuraci坦n /etc/rc.conf. La regla predeterminada del firewall es rechazar todos los paquetes IP. Inicialmente, configuraremos un firewall en modo , para verificar que funciona sin ning炭n problema en relaci坦n con el filtrado de paquetes (en el caso de que vaya a ejecutar este procedimiento de forma remota, dicha configuraci坦n evitar叩 que permanezca aislado de la red). Coloque estas l鱈neas en el archivo /etc/rc.conf:
+
+ firewall_enable="YES"
+firewall_type="open"
+firewall_quiet="YES"
+firewall_logging="YES"
+
+ La primera l鱈nea activar叩 el firewall (y cargar叩 el m坦dulo ipfw.ko si no est叩 compilado en el kernel), la segunda lo configurar叩 en modo (como se explica en el archivo /etc/rc.firewall), la tercera har叩 que no se muestren la carga de las reglas y la cuarta habilitar叩 el soporte de logging.
+
+ En cuanto a la configuraci坦n de las interfaces de red, la forma m叩s utilizada es asignar solo una IP a una de las tarjetas de red, el bridge funcionar叩 igualmente, aunque ambas interfaces tengan una o ninguna IP configurada. En el 炭ltimo caso (IP-less) la m叩quina bridge quedar叩 a炭n m叩s oculta, ya que es inaccesible desde la red: para configurarla, debe iniciar sesi坦n desde la consola o mediante una tercera interfaz de red separada del bridge. A veces, durante el inicio del sistema, algunos programas requieren acceso a la red, por ejemplo, para la resoluci坦n del dominio: en este caso, es necesario asignar una IP a la interfaz externa (la que est叩 conectada a Internet, donde se encuentra el servidor DNS), ya que el bridge se activar叩 al final del procedimiento de arranque. Esto significa que la interfaz fxp0 (en nuestro caso) debe a単adirse en la secci坦n ifconfig del archivo /etc/rc.conf, mientras que
xl0 no. Asignar una IP a ambas tarjetas de red no tiene mucho sentido, a menos que, durante el procedimiento de inicio, las aplicaciones tengan que acceder a servicios en ambos segmentos Ethernet.
+
+ Hay otra cosa importante que hay que saber. Cuando se ejecuta IP over Ethernet, en realidad hay dos protocolos Ethernet en uso: uno es IP, el otro es ARP. ARP realiza la conversi坦n de la direcci坦n IP de un host a su direcci坦n de Ethernet (capa MAC). Para permitir la comunicaci坦n entre dos hosts separados por el bridge, es necesario que el bridge reenv鱈e los paquetes ARP. Dicho protocolo no est叩 incluido en la capa IP, ya que solo existe con IP over Ethernet. El firewall de FreeBSD filtra exclusivamente en la capa IP y, por lo tanto, todos los paquetes no IP (ARP incluido) se reenv鱈an sin ser filtrados, aunque el firewall est辿 configurado para no permitir nada.
+
+ Ahora es el momento de reiniciar el sistema y usarlo como antes: habr叩 algunos mensajes nuevos sobre el bridge y el firewall, pero el bridge no se activar叩 y el firewall, en el modo , no bloquear叩 ninguna operaci坦n.
+
+ Si hay alg炭n problema, debe solucionarlo ahora antes de continuar.
+
+
+
+ Habilitando el bridge
+
+ En este punto, para habilitar el bridge, debe ejecutar los siguientes comandos (teniendo la perspicacia para reemplazar los nombres de las dos interfaces de red fxp0 y xl0 por las suyas):
+
+ #sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config=fxp0:0,xl0:0
+#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1
+#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1
+
+ La primera l鱈nea especifica qu辿 interfaces deben ser activadas por el bridge, la segunda habilitar叩 el firewall en el bridge y, finalmente, la tercera habilitar叩 el bridge.
+
+ En este punto, deber鱈a poder insertar la m叩quina entre dos conjuntos de host sin comprometer ninguna capacidad de comunicaci坦n entre ellos. Si es as鱈, el siguiente paso es a単adir lo siguiente net.link.ether.bridge.[blah]=[blah] al archivo /etc/sysctl.conf, para que se ejecute al inicio.
+
+
+
+ Configurando el firewall
+
+ Ahora es el momento de crear su propio archivo de configuraci坦n con las reglas personalizadas del firewall, para proteger la red interna. Habr叩 alguna complicaci坦n al hacerlo porque no todas las funcionalidades del firewall est叩n disponibles en los paquetes bridge. Adem叩s, existe una diferencia entre los paquetes que est叩n en proceso de reenv鱈o y los paquetes que est叩 recibiendo la m叩quina local. En general, los paquetes de entrada pasan por el firewall solo una vez, no dos veces, como suele ser el caso; en realidad se filtran solo despu辿s de la recepci坦n, por lo que las reglas que usan o nunca coincidir叩n. Personalmente, utilizo , aunque es una sintaxis m叩s antigua, tiene sentido cuando la lees. Otra limitaci坦n es que usted est叩 restringido a usar solo los comandos o para los paquetes filtrados por un bridge. Opciones m叩s complejas como , o no est叩n disponibles. Estas opciones pueden seguir utiliz叩ndose, pero solo en el tr叩fico hacia o desde la propia m叩quina bridge (si tiene una direcci坦n IP).
+
+ El concepto de firewall con estado es nuevo en FreeBSD 4.0. Es una gran mejora para el tr叩fico UDP, el cual, generalmente es una solicitud de salida, seguida poco despu辿s por una respuesta con exactamente el mismo conjunto de direcciones IP y n炭meros de puerto (pero con origen y destino invertidos, por supuesto). Para los firewalls que no mantienen el estado, no hay forma de lidiar con este tipo de tr叩fico en una 炭nica sesi坦n. Pero con un firewall que puede recordar un paquete saliente de UDP y, durante los pr坦ximos minutos, permitir una respuesta, el manejo de servicios UDP es trivial. El siguiente ejemplo muestra c坦mo hacerlo. Es posible hacer lo mismo con los paquetes TCP. Esto le permite evitar algunos ataques de denegaci坦n de servicio y otros trucos desagradables, pero tambi辿n hace que su tabla de estado crezca r叩pidamente de tama単o.
+
+ Veamos una configuraci坦n de ejemplo. Primero, tenga en cuenta que en la parte superior del archivo /etc/rc.firewall ya existen reglas predeterminadas para la interfaz de loopback lo0, por lo que no es necesario preocuparse por ellas. Las reglas personalizadas deben colocarse en un archivo separado (por ejemplo, /etc/rc.firewall.local) y cargarse al inicio del sistema, modificando la l鱈nea en el archivo /etc/rc.conf donde definimos el firewall en modo :
+
+ firewall_type="/etc/rc.firewall.local"
+
+
+ Debe especificar la ruta completa, de lo contrario, no se cargar叩, con el riesgo de permanecer aislado de la red.
+
+
+ Para nuestro ejemplo, imagine que tiene la interfaz fxp0 conectada hacia el exterior (Internet) y la xl0 hacia el interior (LAN). La m叩quina que haga de brigde tiene la IP 1.2.3.4 (su ISP no puede proporcionarle una direcci坦n as鱈, pero para nuestro ejemplo, nos sirve).
+
+ # Cosas para las que tenemos que mantener el estado
+add check-state
+
+# Desechar todas las redes RFC 1918
+add drop all from 10.0.0.0/8 to any in via fxp0
+add drop all from 172.16.0.0/12 to any in via fxp0
+add drop all from 192.168.0.0/16 to any in via fxp0
+
+# Permitir que la m叩quina bridge diga lo que quiera
+# (si la m叩quina es IP-less no incluya estas l鱈neas)
+add pass tcp from 1.2.3.4 to any setup keep-state
+add pass udp from 1.2.3.4 to any keep-state
+add pass ip from 1.2.3.4 to any
+
+# Permitir que los hosts internos digan lo que quieran
+add pass tcp from any to any in via xl0 setup keep-state
+add pass udp from any to any in via xl0 keep-state
+add pass ip from any to any in via xl0
+
+# Secci坦n TCP
+# Permitir SSH
+add pass tcp from any to any 22 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
+# Permitir SMTP solo hacia el servidor de correo
+add pass tcp from any to relay 25 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
+# Permitir transferencias de zona solo por el servidor de nombres esclavo [dns2.nic.it]
+add pass tcp from 193.205.245.8 to ns 53 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
+# Dejar pasar ident probes. Es mejor que esperar a que se agote el tiempo
+add pass tcp from any to any 113 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
+# Dejar paso al rango "quarantine"
+add pass tcp from any to any 49152-65535 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
+
+# Secci坦n UDP
+# Permitir DNS solo hacia el servidor de nombres
+add pass udp from any to ns 53 in via fxp0 keep-state
+# Dejar pasar el rango "quarantine"
+add pass udp from any to any 49152-65535 in via fxp0 keep-state
+
+# Secci坦n ICMP
+# Dejar paso a 'ping'
+add pass icmp from any to any icmptypes 8 keep-state
+# Dejar paso a los mensajes de error generados por 'traceroute'
+add pass icmp from any to any icmptypes 3
+add pass icmp from any to any icmptypes 11
+
+# Todo lo dem叩s es sospechoso.
+add drop log all from any to any
+
+ Aquellos de ustedes que hayan instalado firewalls antes, notar叩n que faltan algunas cosas. En particular, no hay reglas contra la suplantaci坦n de identidad, de hecho, no las a単adimos:
+
+ add deny all from 1.2.3.4/8 to any in via fxp0
+
+ Es decir, descartar los paquetes que vienen del exterior diciendo pertenecer a nuestra red. Esto es algo que normalmente har鱈a para asegurarse de que alguien no trata de evadir el filtrado de paquetes, generando paquetes corruptos que parecen ser de dentro de la red. El problema es que hay al menos un host en la interfaz externa que no desea ignorar: el router. Pero, por lo general, el ISP tiene reglas contra la suplantaci坦n de identidad en su router, por lo que no tenemos que tomarnos tantas molestias.
+
+ La 炭ltima regla parece ser un duplicado exacto de la regla predeterminada, es decir, no dejar pasar nada que no est辿 espec鱈ficamente permitido. Pero hay una diferencia: todo tr叩fico sospechoso ser叩 registrado.
+
+ Hay dos reglas para permitir el tr叩fico SMTP y DNS hacia los servidores de correo y de nombres, si dispone de ellos. Obviamente, todo el conjunto de reglas debe ser definido de acuerdo con sus preferencias personales, esto es solo un ejemplo espec鱈fico (el formato de la regla se describe con precisi坦n en la p叩gina del manual de ipfw8). Tenga en cuenta que para que el relay y el ns funcionen, las b炭squedas del servicio de nombres deben funcionar antes de que el bridge est辿 activado. Este es un ejemplo de c坦mo asegurarse de configurar la IP en la tarjeta de red correcta. Como alternativa, puede especificar la direcci坦n IP en lugar del nombre del host (requerido si la m叩quina no tiene IP).
+
+ Las personas que est叩n acostumbradas a configurar firewalls probablemente tambi辿n est辿n acostumbradas a tener una regla o para los paquetes ident (TCP puerto 113). Desafortunadamente, esta no es una opci坦n v叩lida con el bridge, por lo tanto, la mejor opci坦n es simplemente pasarlos a su destino. Mientras la m叩quina de destino no est辿 ejecutando un demonio ident, es realmente inofensivo. La alternativa es eliminar las conexiones en el puerto 113, lo que crear叩 algunos problemas con servicios como IRC (el probe del ident dar叩 timeout).
+
+ Lo 炭nico raro que puede haber notado es que existe una regla para permitir que la m叩quina que hace de bridge hable y otra para los hosts internos. Recuerde que esto sucede porque los dos conjuntos de tr叩fico tendr叩n diferentes rutas a trav辿s del kernel y del filtro de paquetes. La red interna pasar叩 por el bridge, mientras que la m叩quina local utilizar叩 el stack normal de IP para hablar. Por lo tanto, cada regla se ocupa de una cosa diferente. Las reglas in via fxp0 funcionan para ambas rutas. En general, si utiliza las reglas en todo el filtro, debe a単adir una excepci坦n para los paquetes generados localmente, ya que no llegaron a trav辿s de ninguna de nuestras interfaces.
+
+
+
+ Colaboradores
+
+ Muchas partes de este art鱈culo han sido obtenidas, actualizadas y adaptadas de un texto antiguo sobre el bridging, editado por Nick Sayer. Unas cuantas inspiraciones se deben a una introducci坦n sobre el bridging de Steve Peterson.
+
+ Un gran agradecimiento a Luigi Rizzo por la implementaci坦n del c坦digo de bridge en FreeBSD y por el tiempo que me ha dedicado a responder todas mis preguntas.
+
+ Un agradecimiento tambi辿n a Tom Rhodes, quien revis坦 mi trabajo de traducci坦n del italiano (el idioma original de este art鱈culo) al ingl辿s.
+
+
Added: head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/es_ES.po
==============================================================================
--- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added)
+++ head/es_ES.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/es_ES.po Wed Jan 15 20:18:10 2020 (r53781)
@@ -0,0 +1,877 @@
+# Sergio Carlavilla , 2019. #zanata
+# Sergio Carlavilla , 2019, 2020.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-01-15 21:12+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-01-14 21:14+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Sergio Carlavilla \n"
+"Language-Team: Spanish \n"
+"Language: es_ES\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 3.10.1\n"
+
+#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME , YEAR1, YEAR2
+msgctxt "_"
+msgid "translator-credits"
+msgstr "Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2020"
+
+#. (itstool) path: info/title
+#: article.translate.xml:4
+msgid "Filtering Bridges"
+msgstr "Filtering Bridges"
+
+#. (itstool) path: affiliation/address
+#: article.translate.xml:9
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ale@FreeBSD.org"
+msgstr "ale@FreeBSD.org"
+
+#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
+#: article.translate.xml:8
+msgid ""
+"AlexDupre"
+"personname> <_:address-1/> "
+msgstr ""
+"AlexDupre"
+"personname> <_:address-1/> "
+
+#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
+#: article.translate.xml:14
+msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation."
+msgstr "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
+#: article.translate.xml:16
+msgid "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation."
+msgstr "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation."
+
+#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
+#: article.translate.xml:18
+msgid ""
+"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, "
+"and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its "
+"subsidiaries in the United States and other countries."
+msgstr ""
+"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, "
+"and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its "
+"subsidiaries in the United States and other countries."
+
+#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
+#: article.translate.xml:22
+msgid ""
+"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish "
+"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in "
+"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the "
+"designations have been followed by the or the 速"
+"quote> symbol."
+msgstr ""
+"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish "
+"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in "
+"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the "
+"designations have been followed by the or the 速"
+"quote> symbol."
+
+#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate
+#. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo
+#: article.translate.xml:30 article.translate.xml:32
+msgid ""
+"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/filtering-bridges/article.xml 53717 "
+"2019-12-29 14:13:50Z carlavilla $"
+msgstr "$FreeBSD$"
+
+#. (itstool) path: abstract/para
+#: article.translate.xml:35
+msgid ""
+"Often it is useful to divide one physical network (like an Ethernet) into "
+"two separate segments without having to create subnets, and use a router to "
+"link them together. The device that connects the two networks in this way is "
+"called a bridge. A FreeBSD system with two network interfaces is enough in "
+"order to act as a bridge."
+msgstr ""
+"A menudo es 炭til dividir una red f鱈sica (como una Ethernet) en dos segmentos "
+"separados sin tener que crear subredes y usar un router para vincularlas. El "
+"dispositivo que conecta las dos redes se llama bridge. Un sistema FreeBSD "
+"con dos interfaces de red es suficiente para actuar como un bridge."
+
+#. (itstool) path: abstract/para
+#: article.translate.xml:41
+msgid ""
+"A bridge works by scanning the addresses of MAC level "
+"(Ethernet addresses) of the devices connected to each of its network "
+"interfaces and then forwarding the traffic between the two networks only if "
+"the source and the destination are on different segments. Under many points "
+"of view a bridge is similar to an Ethernet switch with only two ports."
+msgstr ""
+"Un bridge funciona escaneando las direcciones del nivel MAC"
+"acronym> (direcciones Ethernet) de los dispositivos conectados a cada una de "
+"sus interfaces de red y luego reenv鱈a el tr叩fico entre las dos redes solo si "
+"la fuente y el destino est叩n en diferentes segmentos. En muchos aspectos, un "
+"bridge es similar a un switch de Ethernet con solo dos puertos."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
+#: article.translate.xml:51
+msgid "Why use a filtering bridge?"
+msgstr "多Por qu辿 utilizar un bridge que haga filtrado?"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:53
+msgid ""
+"More and more frequently, thanks to the lowering costs of broad band "
+"Internet connections (xDSL) and also because of the reduction of available "
+"IPv4 addresses, many companies are connected to the Internet 24 hours on 24 "
+"and with few (sometimes not even a power of 2) IP addresses. In these "
+"situations it is often desirable to have a firewall that filters incoming "
+"and outgoing traffic from and towards Internet, but a packet filtering "
+"solution based on router may not be applicable, either due to subnetting "
+"issues, the router is owned by the connectivity supplier (ISP"
+"acronym>), or because it does not support such functionalities. In these "
+"scenarios the use of a filtering bridge is highly advised."
+msgstr ""
+"Con m叩s frecuencia, gracias a la reducci坦n del coste de las conexiones de "
+"banda ancha a Internet (xDSL) y tambi辿n a la reducci坦n de las direcciones "
+"IPv4 disponibles, muchas empresas est叩n conectadas a Internet las 24 horas "
+"del d鱈a y con pocas (a veces ni siquiera 2) direcciones IP. En estas "
+"situaciones, a menudo, es deseable tener un firewall que filtre el tr叩fico "
+"entrante y saliente desde y hacia Internet, pero es posible que no se pueda "
+"aplicar un filtrado de paquetes como soluci坦n, ya sea por problemas de "
+"subredes, porque el router sea de propiedad del proveedor de servicios de "
+"internet (ISP), o porque no admite tales funcionalidades. "
+"En estos escenarios, se recomienda el uso de un brigde que realice el "
+"filtrado."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:65
+msgid ""
+"A bridge-based firewall can be configured and inserted between the xDSL "
+"router and your Ethernet hub/switch without any IP numbering issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Un firewall basado en un bridge que filtre se puede configurar e insertar "
+"entre el router xDSL y su hub/switch Ethernet sin causar ning炭n problema de "
+"numeraci坦n IP."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
+#: article.translate.xml:71
+msgid "How to Install"
+msgstr "Proceso de instalaci坦n"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:73
+msgid ""
+"Adding bridge functionalities to a FreeBSD system is not difficult. Since "
+"4.5 release it is possible to load such functionalities as modules instead "
+"of having to rebuild the kernel, simplifying the procedure a great deal. In "
+"the following subsections I will explain both installation ways."
+msgstr ""
+"No es dif鱈cil a単adir funcionalidades de brigde a un sistema FreeBSD. Desde "
+"la versi坦n 4.5 es posible cargar funcionalidades como m坦dulos en lugar de "
+"tener que volver a compilar el kernel, simplificando mucho el procedimiento. "
+"En las siguientes subsecciones explicar辿 ambas formas de instalaci坦n."
+
+#. (itstool) path: important/para
+#: article.translate.xml:80
+msgid ""
+"Do not follow both instructions: a procedure "
+"excludes the other one. Select the best choice "
+"according to your needs and abilities."
+msgstr ""
+"No siga ambas instrucciones: un procedimiento "
+"excluye el otro. Seleccione la mejor opci坦n de acuerdo "
+"a sus necesidades y habilidades."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:85
+msgid ""
+"Before going on, be sure to have at least two Ethernet cards that support "
+"the promiscuous mode for both reception and transmission, since they must be "
+"able to send Ethernet packets with any address, not just their own. "
+"Moreover, to have a good throughput, the cards should be PCI bus mastering "
+"cards. The best choices are still the Intel EtherExpress"
+"trademark> Pro, followed by the 3Com"
+"trademark> 3c9xx series. To simplify the firewall configuration it may be "
+"useful to have two cards of different manufacturers (using different "
+"drivers) in order to distinguish clearly which interface is connected to the "
+"router and which to the inner network."
+msgstr ""
+"Antes de continuar, aseg炭rese de tener al menos dos tarjetas Ethernet que "
+"admitan el modo promiscuo tanto para la recepci坦n como para la transmisi坦n, "
+"ya que deben poder enviar paquetes Ethernet con cualquier direcci坦n, no solo "
+"la suya. Adem叩s, para tener una buena tasa de transferencia, las tarjetas "
+"deben ser tarjetas del bus PCI. Las mejores opciones siguen siendo Intel "
+"EtherExpress Pro, seguida de la 3Com 3c9xx series. Para simplificar la "
+"configuraci坦n del firewall, puede ser 炭til tener dos tarjetas de diferentes "
+"fabricantes (con diferentes controladores) para distinguir claramente qu辿 "
+"interfaz est叩 conectada al router y cu叩l a la red interna."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
+#: article.translate.xml:97
+msgid "Kernel Configuration"
+msgstr "Configuraci坦n del kernel"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
+#: article.translate.xml:99
+msgid ""
+"So you have decided to use the older but well tested installation method. To "
+"begin, you have to add the following rows to your kernel configuration file:"
+msgstr ""
+"Entonces ha decidido utilizar el m辿todo de instalaci坦n m叩s antiguo, y "
+"tambi辿n el m叩s probado. Para empezar, debe agregar las siguientes l鱈neas a "
+"su archivo de configuraci坦n del kernel:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
+#: article.translate.xml:103
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"options BRIDGE\n"
+"options IPFIREWALL\n"
+"options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE"
+msgstr ""
+"options BRIDGE\n"
+"options IPFIREWALL\n"
+"options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
+#: article.translate.xml:107
+msgid ""
+"The first line is to compile the bridge support, the second one is the "
+"firewall and the third one is the logging functions of the firewall."
+msgstr ""
+"La primera l鱈nea a単ade el soporte para el bridge, la segunda a単ade la "
+"compatibilidad con el firewall y la tercera se refiere a las funciones de "
+"logging del firewall."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
+#: article.translate.xml:111
+msgid ""
+"Now it is necessary to build and install the new kernel. You may find "
+"detailed instructions in the Building and "
+"Installing a Custom Kernel section of the FreeBSD Handbook."
+msgstr ""
+"Ahora es necesario compilar e instalar el nuevo kernel. Puede encontrar "
+"instrucciones detalladas en la secci坦n compilar e "
+"instalar un kernel personalizado del manual de FreeBSD."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
+#: article.translate.xml:118
+msgid "Modules Loading"
+msgstr "Carga de m坦dulos"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
+#: article.translate.xml:120
+msgid ""
+"If you have chosen to use the new and simpler installation method, the only "
+"thing to do now is add the following row to /boot/loader.conf"
+"filename>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Si ha elegido usar el nuevo y m叩s simple m辿todo de instalaci坦n, lo 炭nico que "
+"debe hacer es a単adir la siguiente l鱈nea a /boot/loader.conf "
+"filename>:"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
+#: article.translate.xml:124
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "bridge_load=\"YES\""
+msgstr "bridge_load=\"YES\""
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
+#: article.translate.xml:126
+msgid ""
+"In this way, during the system startup, the bridge.ko "
+"module will be loaded together with the kernel. It is not required to add a "
+"similar row for the ipfw.ko module, since it will be "
+"loaded automatically after the execution of the steps in the following "
+"section."
+msgstr ""
+"De esta forma, durante el inicio del sistema, el m坦dulo bridge.ko"
+"filename> se cargar叩 junto con el kernel. No es necesario a単adir una l鱈nea "
+"similar para el m坦dulo ipfw.ko, ya que se cargar叩 "
+"autom叩ticamente despu辿s de la ejecuci坦n de los pasos de la siguiente secci坦n."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
+#: article.translate.xml:136
+msgid "Final Preparation"
+msgstr "Preparaci坦n final"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:138
+msgid ""
+"Before rebooting in order to load the new kernel or the required modules "
+"(according to the previously chosen installation method), you have to make "
+"some changes to the /etc/rc.conf configuration file. "
+"The default rule of the firewall is to reject all IP packets. Initially we "
+"will set up an firewall, in order to verify its "
+"operation without any issue related to packet filtering (in case you are "
+"going to execute this procedure remotely, such configuration will avoid you "
+"to remain isolated from the network). Put these lines in /etc/rc."
+"conf:"
+msgstr ""
+"Antes de reiniciar para cargar el nuevo kernel o los m坦dulos requeridos (de "
+"acuerdo con el m辿todo de instalaci坦n elegido anteriormente), debe realizar "
+"algunos cambios en el archivo de configuraci坦n /etc/rc.conf"
+"filename>. La regla predeterminada del firewall es rechazar todos los "
+"paquetes IP. Inicialmente, configuraremos un firewall en modo mode (as explained in "
+"/etc/rc.firewall), the third one to not show rules "
+"loading and the fourth one to enable logging support."
+msgstr ""
+"La primera l鱈nea activar叩 el firewall (y cargar叩 el m坦dulo ipfw."
+"ko si no est叩 compilado en el kernel), la segunda lo configurar叩 "
+"en modo (como se explica en el archivo /etc/"
+"rc.firewall), la tercera har叩 que no se muestren la carga de las "
+"reglas y la cuarta habilitar叩 el soporte de logging."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:159
+msgid ""
+"About the configuration of the network interfaces, the most used way is to "
+"assign an IP to only one of the network cards, but the bridge will work "
+"equally even if both interfaces or none has a configured IP. In the last "
+"case (IP-less) the bridge machine will be still more hidden, as inaccessible "
+"from the network: to configure it, you have to login from console or through "
+"a third network interface separated from the bridge. Sometimes, during the "
+"system startup, some programs require network access, say for domain "
+"resolution: in this case it is necessary to assign an IP to the external "
+"interface (the one connected to Internet, where DNS "
+"server resides), since the bridge will be activated at the end of the "
+"startup procedure. It means that the fxp0 interface (in "
+"our case) must be mentioned in the ifconfig section of the /etc/rc."
+"conf file, while the xl0 is not. Assigning "
+"an IP to both the network cards does not make much sense, unless, during the "
+"start procedure, applications should access to services on both Ethernet "
+"segments."
+msgstr ""
+"En cuanto a la configuraci坦n de las interfaces de red, la forma m叩s "
+"utilizada es asignar solo una IP a una de las tarjetas de red, el bridge "
+"funcionar叩 igualmente, aunque ambas interfaces tengan una o ninguna IP "
+"configurada. En el 炭ltimo caso (IP-less) la m叩quina bridge quedar叩 a炭n m叩s "
+"oculta, ya que es inaccesible desde la red: para configurarla, debe iniciar "
+"sesi坦n desde la consola o mediante una tercera interfaz de red separada del "
+"bridge. A veces, durante el inicio del sistema, algunos programas requieren "
+"acceso a la red, por ejemplo, para la resoluci坦n del dominio: en este caso, "
+"es necesario asignar una IP a la interfaz externa (la que est叩 conectada a "
+"Internet, donde se encuentra el servidor DNS), ya que el "
+"bridge se activar叩 al final del procedimiento de arranque. Esto significa "
+"que la interfaz fxp0 (en nuestro caso) debe a単adirse en "
+"la secci坦n ifconfig del archivo /etc/rc.conf, mientras "
+"que xl0 no. Asignar una IP a ambas tarjetas de red no "
+"tiene mucho sentido, a menos que, durante el procedimiento de inicio, las "
+"aplicaciones tengan que acceder a servicios en ambos segmentos Ethernet."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:177
+msgid ""
+"There is another important thing to know. When running IP over Ethernet, "
+"there are actually two Ethernet protocols in use: one is IP, the other is "
+"ARP. ARP does the conversion of the IP "
+"address of a host into its Ethernet address (MAC layer). "
+"In order to allow the communication between two hosts separated by the "
+"bridge, it is necessary that the bridge will forward ARP "
+"packets. Such protocol is not included in the IP layer, since it exists only "
+"with IP over Ethernet. The FreeBSD firewall filters exclusively on the IP "
+"layer and therefore all non-IP packets (ARP included) "
+"will be forwarded without being filtered, even if the firewall is configured "
+"to not permit anything."
+msgstr ""
+"Hay otra cosa importante que hay que saber. Cuando se ejecuta IP over "
+"Ethernet, en realidad hay dos protocolos Ethernet en uso: uno es IP, el otro "
+"es ARP. ARP realiza la conversi坦n de "
+"la direcci坦n IP de un host a su direcci坦n de Ethernet (capa MAC"
+"acronym>). Para permitir la comunicaci坦n entre dos hosts separados por el "
+"bridge, es necesario que el bridge reenv鱈e los paquetes ARP"
+"acronym>. Dicho protocolo no est叩 incluido en la capa IP, ya que solo existe "
+"con IP over Ethernet. El firewall de FreeBSD filtra exclusivamente en la "
+"capa IP y, por lo tanto, todos los paquetes no IP (ARP "
+"incluido) se reenv鱈an sin ser filtrados, aunque el firewall est辿 configurado "
+"para no permitir nada."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:190
+msgid ""
+"Now it is time to reboot the system and use it as before: there will be some "
+"new messages about the bridge and the firewall, but the bridge will not be "
+"activated and the firewall, being in mode, will not "
+"avoid any operations."
+msgstr ""
+"Ahora es el momento de reiniciar el sistema y usarlo como antes: habr叩 "
+"algunos mensajes nuevos sobre el bridge y el firewall, pero el bridge no se "
+"activar叩 y el firewall, en el modo , no bloquear叩 "
+"ninguna operaci坦n."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:195
+msgid ""
+"If there are any problems, you should sort them out now before proceeding."
+msgstr "Si hay alg炭n problema, debe solucionarlo ahora antes de continuar."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
+#: article.translate.xml:200
+msgid "Enabling the Bridge"
+msgstr "Habilitando el bridge"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:202
+msgid ""
+"At this point, to enable the bridge, you have to execute the following "
+"commands (having the shrewdness to replace the names of the two network "
+"interfaces fxp0 and xl0 with your "
+"own ones):"
+msgstr ""
+"En este punto, para habilitar el bridge, debe ejecutar los siguientes "
+"comandos (teniendo la perspicacia para reemplazar los nombres de las dos "
+"interfaces de red fxp0 y xl0 por "
+"las suyas):"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
+#: article.translate.xml:207
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config=fxp0:0,xl0:0\n"
+"#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1\n"
+"#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1"
+msgstr ""
+"#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config=fxp0:0,xl0:0\n"
+"#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1\n"
+"#sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:211
+msgid ""
+"The first row specifies which interfaces should be activated by the bridge, "
+"the second one will enable the firewall on the bridge and finally the third "
+"one will enable the bridge."
+msgstr ""
+"La primera l鱈nea especifica qu辿 interfaces deben ser activadas por el "
+"bridge, la segunda habilitar叩 el firewall en el bridge y, finalmente, la "
+"tercera habilitar叩 el bridge."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:215
+msgid ""
+"At this point you should be able to insert the machine between two sets of "
+"hosts without compromising any communication abilities between them. If so, "
+"the next step is to add the net.link.ether.bridge."
+"[blah]=[blah]"
+"literal> portions of these rows to the /etc/sysctl.conf "
+"file, in order to have them execute at startup."
+msgstr ""
+"En este punto, deber鱈a poder insertar la m叩quina entre dos conjuntos de host "
+"sin comprometer ninguna capacidad de comunicaci坦n entre ellos. Si es as鱈, el "
+"siguiente paso es a単adir lo siguiente net.link.ether.bridge."
+"[blah]=[blah]"
+"literal> al archivo /etc/sysctl.conf, para que se "
+"ejecute al inicio."
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
+#: article.translate.xml:224
+msgid "Configuring The Firewall"
+msgstr "Configurando el firewall"
+
+#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
+#: article.translate.xml:226
+msgid ""
+"Now it is time to create your own file with custom firewall rules, in order "
+"to secure the inside network. There will be some complication in doing this "
+"because not all of the firewall functionalities are available on bridged "
+"packets. Furthermore, there is a difference between the packets that are in "
+"the process of being forwarded and packets that are being received by the "
+"local machine. In general, incoming packets are run through the firewall "
+"only once, not twice as is normally the case; in fact they are filtered only "
+"upon receipt, so rules that use or which is "
+"an older syntax, but one that has a sense when you read it. Another "
+"limitation is that you are restricted to use only or "
+" commands for packets filtered by a bridge. "
+"Sophisticated things like , "
+"or are not available. Such options can still be "
+"used, but only on traffic to or from the bridge machine itself (if it has an "
+"IP address)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ahora es el momento de crear su propio archivo de configuraci坦n con las "
+"reglas personalizadas del firewall, para proteger la red interna. Habr叩 "
+"alguna complicaci坦n al hacerlo porque no todas las funcionalidades del "
+"firewall est叩n disponibles en los paquetes bridge. Adem叩s, existe una "
+"diferencia entre los paquetes que est叩n en proceso de reenv鱈o y los paquetes "
+"que est叩 recibiendo la m叩quina local. En general, los paquetes de entrada "
+"pasan por el firewall solo una vez, no dos veces, como suele ser el caso; en "
+"realidad se filtran solo despu辿s de la recepci坦n, por lo que las reglas que "
+"usan o nunca coincidir叩n. "
+"Personalmente, utilizo , aunque es una sintaxis m叩s "
+"antigua, tiene sentido cuando la lees. Otra limitaci坦n es que usted est叩 "
+"restringido a usar solo los comandos o , o
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml Wed Jan 15 20:18:10 2020 (r53781)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml Wed Jan 15 22:05:40 2020 (r53782)
@@ -73,9 +73,6 @@
version of the FreeBSD kernel source. This is brought to you
courtesy of Robert Watson.
The FreeBSD Diary is a collection of how-to entries aimed at UNIX
novices. The aim is to provide a set of step-by-step guides to
installing and configuring various ports.
From owner-svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Wed Jan 15 23:18:07 2020
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From: Allan Jude
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 23:18:07 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53783 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs
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Author: allanjude
Date: Wed Jan 15 23:18:07 2020
New Revision: 53783
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53783
Log:
Add a link to the FreeBSD Papers site from the /docs page
Reported by: emaste
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/books.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/books.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/books.xml Wed Jan 15 22:05:40 2020 (r53782)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/books.xml Wed Jan 15 23:18:07 2020 (r53783)
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@
people to contribute new documentation and maintain existing
documentation.
+
Papers, presentations, and videos about FreeBSD are archived
+ and catalogued on the
+ FreeBSD Papers
+ website.
>
> Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml
> ==============================================================================
> --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml Wed Jan 15
> 20:18:10 2020 (r53781)
> +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml Wed Jan 15
> 22:05:40 2020 (r53782)
> @@ -73,9 +73,6 @@
> version of the FreeBSD kernel source. This is brought
> to you
> courtesy of Robert Watson.
The FreeBSD Diary is a collection of how-to entries aimed at UNIX
> novices. The aim is to provide a set of step-by-step guides to
> installing and configuring various ports.
>
You missed deleting the description of the site as well --^
Regards,
Brad Davis
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X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2020 06:06:36 -0000
Author: rcyu
Date: Thu Jan 16 06:06:35 2020
New Revision: 53784
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53784
Log:
- Traditional Chinese Translation of the latest news item (Jan 2nd)
Merge the following from the English version : r53639 -> r53773
Modified:
head/zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/news.xml
Modified: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/news.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/news.xml Wed Jan 15 23:18:07 2020 (r53783)
+++ head/zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/news.xml Thu Jan 16 06:06:35 2020 (r53784)
@@ -22,13 +22,33 @@
The FreeBSD Traditional Chinese Documentation Project
From: www/share/xml/news.xml
$FreeBSD$
- Original revision: r53639
+ Original revision: r53773
-->
$FreeBSD$
+
+
+ 2020
+
+
+ 1
+
+
+ 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2019
From owner-svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Thu Jan 16 07:42:25 2020
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From: Benedict Reuschling
Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2020 07:42:24 +0000 (UTC)
To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org,
svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject: svn commit: r53785 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status
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Author: bcr
Date: Thu Jan 16 07:42:24 2020
New Revision: 53785
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53785
Log:
Disable automatic sorting for new quarterly status reports.
While preparing the last quarterly status report (2019Q4), Makefiles were
added in the git repository that make it very easy to sort the project
reports. However, our report.xsl file enforces automatic alphabetical
sorting in each category, which destroys our manual sorting.
This patch disables automatic sorting starting with this quarter (2019Q4).
Automatic sorting is kept for older reports: we avoid to change them since
they have no designed and reviewed manual sort.
Submitted by: salvadore@
Approved by: bcr@
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23175
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report.xsl
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report.xsl
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report.xsl Thu Jan 16 06:06:35 2020 (r53784)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/news/status/report.xsl Thu Jan 16 07:42:24 2020 (r53785)
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
&title;
+
+
+
&nav.about;
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@
-
+
+ them by title if needed, so they will be listed in the same
+ order as they are in the table of contents -->
@@ -79,15 +118,32 @@
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2020 20:18:48 +0000 (UTC)
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Subject: svn commit: r53786 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs
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Author: carlavilla
Date: Thu Jan 16 20:18:48 2020
New Revision: 53786
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/53786
Log:
Remove the FreeBSD diary description.
Patch by: carlavilla@
Approved by: bcr@(mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23177
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml Thu Jan 16 07:42:24 2020 (r53785)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml Thu Jan 16 20:18:48 2020 (r53786)
@@ -73,10 +73,6 @@
version of the FreeBSD kernel source. This is brought to you
courtesy of Robert Watson.
-
The FreeBSD Diary is a collection of how-to entries aimed at UNIX
- novices. The aim is to provide a set of step-by-step guides to
- installing and configuring various ports.