From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 01:47:44 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5894867C105 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 01:47:44 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cyprian.ambe@ai.net) Received: from ex13.ai.net (ex13-3.ai.net [205.134.169.66]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "Microsoft Exchange Server Auth Certificate", Issuer "Microsoft Exchange Server Auth Certificate" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GsdYC3fkcz4gJS for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 01:47:43 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cyprian.ambe@ai.net) Received: from AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local (192.168.0.38) by AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local (192.168.0.38) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.23; Sat, 21 Aug 2021 21:47:36 -0400 Received: from AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local ([205.134.169.66]) by AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local ([205.134.169.66]) with mapi id 15.00.1497.023; Sat, 21 Aug 2021 21:47:36 -0400 From: Cyprian Ambe To: "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" Subject: DKIM Thread-Topic: DKIM Thread-Index: AdeW93hGusKsD9P0RuqQx+93amYrhA== Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 01:47:35 +0000 Message-ID: Accept-Language: en-US Content-Language: en-US X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted x-originating-ip: [205.134.166.35] MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GsdYC3fkcz4gJS X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of cyprian.ambe@ai.net designates 205.134.169.66 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=cyprian.ambe@ai.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.90 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.90)[-0.896]; HAS_XOIP(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ptr]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[ai.net]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[0.999]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; TO_DN_EQ_ADDR_ALL(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6405, ipnet:205.134.160.0/19, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 01:47:44 -0000 Good evening, Please does freebsd 11.2 release -p9 amd64 have active support for opendkim= ? Thanks From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 03:29:14 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 811FC67CFEF for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:29:14 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x42b.google.com (mail-wr1-x42b.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::42b]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GsgpK4PSrz3lFm for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:29:13 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x42b.google.com with SMTP id z9so20307065wrh.10 for ; Sat, 21 Aug 2021 20:29:13 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=ZSKrBmphij5peYqpvEzO1hfENiNqfLNey9OoflM22IY=; b=QlNow7R/gOQtg14ATmnKRgz+bw2OqgNy3WPimZuXuWoC3PYjESqZY6Sm42KPfk4+4b wefUnCE7rlfkxAox+EWgEnhgHk5rqpln8d4AKckv6ULSGwhaDgBxXwrIsdA3XauRKk06 vQJ6b1A9i5PYFuP+sFnptxvdHciOUgWiK74H2OAo1rn5mBsZHEbfrzMIbv4+BJt5elhf rqidsWsCsy+YtP3Q8/tcm4+PT3zSFDXoGi2ipx1enBp7gDihExo53RBgCfuzUt0H7txX 8HeIjKRR8fbi3ByrncHMyYKYkXuecvCr+ssGmAE9XW7KFTVdz80FeSblXvIm9KEW5MDM zk9Q== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=ZSKrBmphij5peYqpvEzO1hfENiNqfLNey9OoflM22IY=; b=l5xyI40tqqxAk4b1qRRVjn40JCJ3DUfcYD+dWwBgX34gWuYjHTHPsP23IkHhFS85l5 +o5mEM8TBpYWSKiq8izzxBA00yq7tRbp2WL47wXPNvYS8fQwaCta5UCpOdEgMk+Fx0CA jGW6awXG+PqWdw1y8XKfIgy2TBd77MR4HgFaLKxx97P7gWSv1n18x+E7r/FR0DRtqDYB RMp0x0sFHQSajrHgcDAXaJr1QKrt4NSKcqbwD8l669x/GP31Y7SKDBbtU7UuxVuXYFCd V24c3g3nMdqvpH5p2CibJmjixRv47ZwxOEQczKa3KtxwAPRQ0FKW8h5YdfWYWHPFV5ih QdBA== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5325JTG0xMIGVN2hLzhC6CH7ReHkbP1cPjvuaxxjkyzjY1gZ44MJ o0JpvemmlF0YZN0Isyhacda1eHyw9CX3FzchhDg= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJzR+nuFtffxbfMBz5LPAMTPw7ntKcZkRDPVSi7OecNfaPQSq6+4QaRtafvzgCvw8WYrPkM4+ch4JQrNfsRu5k4= X-Received: by 2002:adf:eb0f:: with SMTP id s15mr6768926wrn.308.1629602952572; Sat, 21 Aug 2021 20:29:12 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Date: Sat, 21 Aug 2021 20:28:36 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: DKIM To: Cyprian Ambe Cc: "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GsgpK4PSrz3lFm X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b="QlNow7R/"; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mesanliturk@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::42b as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=mesanliturk@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.70 / 15.00]; TO_DN_EQ_ADDR_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::42b:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:29:14 -0000 On Sat, Aug 21, 2021 at 6:47 PM Cyprian Ambe wrote: > Good evening, > > > Please does freebsd 11.2 release -p9 amd64 have active support for > opendkim? > > Thanks > _______________________________________________ > Please search the following phrases one by one in Google : opendkim freebsd opendkim freebsd package opendkim freebsd package download opendkim freebsd 11.2 package download And also you may search FreeBSD package repositories . Mehmet Erol Sanliturk From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 08:28:45 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 17E596507CA for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cyprian.ambe@ai.net) Received: from ex13.ai.net (ex13-1.ai.net [205.134.169.70]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "ai.net", Issuer "R3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GspRv5Qxyz4ZFj for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:43 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cyprian.ambe@ai.net) Received: from AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local (192.168.0.38) by AiNET-EX13-S01.ainet.local (192.168.0.34) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.23; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 04:28:37 -0400 Received: from AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local ([205.134.169.66]) by AINET-EX13-S03.ainet.local ([205.134.169.66]) with mapi id 15.00.1497.023; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 04:28:37 -0400 From: Cyprian Ambe To: Simon Hoffmann , "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" , Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Subject: RE: DKIM Thread-Topic: DKIM Thread-Index: AdeW93hGusKsD9P0RuqQx+93amYrhAAL9lcAAApdwIAACFElQA== Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:36 +0000 Message-ID: References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> In-Reply-To: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> Accept-Language: en-US Content-Language: en-US X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted x-originating-ip: [205.134.166.35] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GspRv5Qxyz4ZFj X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of cyprian.ambe@ai.net designates 205.134.169.70 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=cyprian.ambe@ai.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.90 / 15.00]; TO_DN_EQ_ADDR_SOME(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; HAS_XOIP(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ptr]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TAGGED_RCPT(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[ai.net]; MIME_BASE64_TEXT_BOGUS(1.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_BASE64_TEXT(0.10)[]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FREEMAIL_TO(0.00)[simonhoffmann.net,freebsd.org,gmail.com]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6405, ipnet:205.134.160.0/19, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:45 -0000 SSBhcHByZWNpYXRlIFNpbW9uLCB0aGFuayB5b3UhDQoNCi0tLS0tT3JpZ2luYWwgTWVzc2FnZS0t LS0tDQpGcm9tOiBTaW1vbiBIb2ZmbWFubiBbbWFpbHRvOnNpbW9uQHNpbW9uaG9mZm1hbm4ubmV0 XSANClNlbnQ6IFN1bmRheSwgQXVndXN0IDIyLCAyMDIxIDQ6MjUgQU0NClRvOiBmcmVlYnNkLXF1 ZXN0aW9uc0BmcmVlYnNkLm9yZzsgTWVobWV0IEVyb2wgU2FubGl0dXJrIDxtLmUuc2FubGl0dXJr QGdtYWlsLmNvbT47IEN5cHJpYW4gQW1iZSA8Y3lwcmlhbi5hbWJlQGFpLm5ldD4NClN1YmplY3Q6 IFJlOiBES0lNDQoNCg0KDQpPbiBBdWd1c3QgMjIsIDIwMjEgNToyODozNiBBTSBHTVQrMDI6MDAs IE1laG1ldCBFcm9sIFNhbmxpdHVyayA8bS5lLnNhbmxpdHVya0BnbWFpbC5jb20+IHdyb3RlOg0K Pg0KPlBsZWFzZSBzZWFyY2ggdGhlIGZvbGxvd2luZyBwaHJhc2VzIG9uZSBieSBvbmUgaW4gR29v Z2xlIDoNCj4NCj5vcGVuZGtpbSBmcmVlYnNkDQo+b3BlbmRraW0gZnJlZWJzZCBwYWNrYWdlDQo+ b3BlbmRraW0gZnJlZWJzZCBwYWNrYWdlIGRvd25sb2FkDQo+b3BlbmRraW0gZnJlZWJzZCAxMS4y IHBhY2thZ2UgZG93bmxvYWQNCg0KT2ggYW5kIHlvdSBjb3VsZG4ndCBkbyB0aGF0IHF1aWNrIHNl YXJjaCBmb3IgeW91cnNlbGYgdG8gZGlyZWN0bHkgYW5zd2VyIHRoZSBxdWVzdGlvbj8gDQoNCg0K Pg0KPkFuZCBhbHNvIHlvdSBtYXkgc2VhcmNoIEZyZWVCU0QgcGFja2FnZSByZXBvc2l0b3JpZXMg Lg0KDQpJZiB5b3Ugc3RhdGUgc29tZXRoaW5nIGxpa2UgdGhpcywgcGxlYXNlIGFsc28gc3RhdGUg aG93LiBUaGUgT1AgbWlnaHQgYmUgYSBiZWdpbm5lciBhbmQgdGh1cyBub3Qga25vdyBob3cgdG8g c2VhcmNoIHRoZSByZXBvcy4gUG9pbnRpbmcgdGhlbSBqdXN0IHRvIHNvbWUgR29vZ2xlIHJlc3Vs dHMgKHdoeSBHb29nbGUgYnR3KSBvciBnaXZpbmcgdGhlbSB2ZXJ5IGJyaWVmIGluc3RydWN0aW9u cyBtaWdodCB0aHVzIG5vdCBiZSB2ZXJ5IGhlbHBmdWwgYXMgdGhleSBtaWdodCBub3Qga25vdyBo b3cgdG8gaW50ZXJwcmV0IHRoYXQuIA0KDQoNCkNoZWVycyANClNpbW9uIA0KDQo= From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 10:17:02 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E02386523F8 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:17:02 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gsrrs6F6wz3Jsb for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:17:01 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews2.riseup.net (fews2-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.84]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gsrrr4P2pzDq9Q for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:17:00 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629627420; bh=Wy2eDNv5JLuoTNSUsg9W5pkR9ufwC5M9yaDzENgi6TY=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=CZ3h26KixSUpAYUwk4Aa1itnMlz7ROxeDJzY9/qr7E1qRpsLBauC1IgB9CqGm1Ec0 1g5GDXS7+SLZQlSPxf+krloLjdmOTgTNEBUkfNzrPDWW/PWN7Mxf578gGsWsFhwr05 p1MF8YtvMxOweww/3yZkiikk92HGnN7Wu0+NVRhs= X-Riseup-User-ID: 61558DCF7C1FD56D4694C7CF88E40CB619DB46D202CE307FDCE1C459F6FCF865 Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews2.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gsrrq6z54z1yS7 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:16:59 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 12:16:58 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> In-Reply-To: References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gsrrs6F6wz3Jsb X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=CZ3h26Ki; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.30 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:17:02 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:36 +0000, Cyprian Ambe wrote: >If you state something like this, please also state how. The OP might >be a beginner and thus not know how to search the repos. Pointing them >just to some Google results (why Google btw) or giving them very brief >instructions might thus not be very helpful as they might not know how >to interpret that. Hi, it's pointless to discuss this. On some other mailing lists subscribers would just quote the obligatory http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#before to a request as yours. At the risk of bikeshedding I'll play the Devil's advocate. Assuming somebody is a "beginner", being in favour of Google rather than another search engine makes much sense. It's probably still the search engine, able to provide best recommendations, at least to those, who don't have the skills to think about ideal search terms. Some alternative search engines suffer from weak points, when doing researches by non-English search terms. Some people are per se against Google for good reasons, but way too many people are per se against Google for no good reasons at all. Let alone excesses against Google, if people choose something even more bad as a replacement for Google. A while back on another mailing list "Dissenter" was recommended as an alternative to Firefox and especially to Google Chrome or any Google Chromium based browser. Actually "Dissenter" is from "gab", see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab_(social_network) . Avoiding usage of Google not necessarily is the better choice. I reply by this off-topic and bikeshedding appearing email since I very often explicitly mention that FLOSS novices shouldn't replace Google by other search engines, as long as they are novices who don't have a clue what good FLOSS related search terms to use. Not that long ago a lot of people searching for a FLOSS sound server (jackd) for instance got hits related to LGBTQIA*, but not related to FLOSS. "Beginners" can stay with DuckDuckGo and other search engines for researches related to t-shirts or coffee machines. Regards, Ralf From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 10:27:37 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A3F9F652578 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:27:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x431.google.com (mail-wr1-x431.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::431]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gss5453sjz3Lxf for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:27:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x431.google.com with SMTP id q10so21442793wro.2 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:27:36 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=Lpcsk3NuKD8UZmq7+Z69FPWN4fTY+IPPSdXVgYyf050=; b=XMUtHNKnm6yq2iPY48ejRC8irdIkJ4hRGPz/NsL8tPPmwIKUX4+sVhFQ6lADvQz/xX naZXW7iIGczMiN0K3GFXXOiZAG5zq9kvKgFCDHAAH/6Usit+lagNS6f6V+XfbypBou0B kzRm6sJPqB9glpZF7D/U3a0kWFAo4UiII5LW5GI1Goak5VaDPk5WekqI6fkU4Ef8L5+m tWmZKyCWAybAT3IXh5rJ7ObMdIfkKiyB7PhMgNCXf4OX0X13rGyhzuwSNCDnNcUE4ERc aRSiRVNPf0HLCNjmxw3BulOgQCI+XPaXF1HvDWFNm7W8EtuoKf1nzw14fn8DR89Jbc0O 4jPw== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=Lpcsk3NuKD8UZmq7+Z69FPWN4fTY+IPPSdXVgYyf050=; b=t8aOYlujcmKmae5EPGKw+uGW/AGKYvOor7Yd2TUsNG/ilayL2MSTeXaS2DKONFZeB3 cEhFdYipUkPrVmWzJLr3dA7lSTPb3SraMrCjATwgUxPgs5KxkVrrggV21MHCOf5YIQmD t2SbhuPAdwYCSfstKONM+mxAJPt/P7JHrnF+LV6Frct5loYIRADcjKAzEZGwwwHcDkC8 8R1zuzbKnNq7EeLrU4xL8uA+o3FPtDZZoH3rjFeLpBlxkeH4e0g7BrxJMM3aOHeS6dmE HMUL9Hd24855pDpAbDLuy4SNmyvQFWf0cJo9a3RHaXjBq0CBfZvL6cB9+TjMd/UdAFlw 2G1g== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM531GaqmN0Uk7tURL/mSdCOb1Hl1vH7mDLmFhYNWLOxKd0whA8ADk bmkgncN9mQtyXLC4D/r5eX8B/zCPpQ06LLdyMvdOYK0Z X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxI4+QVcdkM37gn38E7WJq/45B59wgqVf1zhB8kTO/ijtDYr3HxUWsgAvf+Op6LahEiKrH0pmAOX0bQUbiesZg= X-Received: by 2002:adf:eb0f:: with SMTP id s15mr8447854wrn.308.1629628050346; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:27:30 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> In-Reply-To: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:26:54 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: DKIM To: Simon Hoffmann Cc: FreeBSD Questions Mailing List , Cyprian Ambe X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gss5453sjz3Lxf X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=XMUtHNKn; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mesanliturk@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::431 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=mesanliturk@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.70 / 15.00]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::431:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:27:37 -0000 On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 1:25 AM Simon Hoffmann wrote: > > > On August 22, 2021 5:28:36 AM GMT+02:00, Mehmet Erol Sanliturk < > m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com> wrote: > > > >Please search the following phrases one by one in Google : > > > >opendkim freebsd > >opendkim freebsd package > >opendkim freebsd package download > >opendkim freebsd 11.2 package download > > Oh and you couldn't do that quick search for yourself to directly answer > the question? > > Unfortunately it was not possible to quote one for "exact" answer . Possible answers were not in one list . Therefore , the best action was to list possible searches to advise one to select by the original poster . > > > > >And also you may search FreeBSD package repositories . > > If you state something like this, please also state how. The OP might be a > beginner and thus not know how to search the repos. Pointing them just to > some Google results (why Google btw) or giving them very brief instructions > might thus not be very helpful as they might not know how to interpret > that. > > > Cheers > Simon > > I am not able to find a list of FreeBSD packages with respect to releases , because old lists about FreeBSD package repositories are not working ( they are empty ) . I do not know why they are empty : either they are empty or Firefox is not able to display their contents . There are lists in Github , but only their first 1000 entries are listed , if they are listed . For that reason it could not be possible to specify any visible entry . There remained only one possibility to perform the above searches and find a suitable entry by the original poster with respect to my answer(s) . I never avoid helping if I can do it as much as possible . Mehmet Erol Sanliturk From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 10:35:59 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05000652929 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:35:59 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wm1-x333.google.com (mail-wm1-x333.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::333]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GssGk17JDz3PLw for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:35:58 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wm1-x333.google.com with SMTP id l24-20020a05600c089800b002e71a10130eso5576198wmp.5 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:35:58 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=ewmhx7MzuiQA/qpzczWXGoQWZ9+HJA/lUuKKgaljHXQ=; b=EnR41CYa48TWoFqPNTAL074gHvIoNaJdRGcj74k5gAduRLAqrVkzXivvWTNzBrwHPG dlIe+SyF6ceMB/ATEYr90ACPkyn7sHpt/Riq3fUByQ4rcSET6aufQCVq7AUzqtAi7h+0 70yKPfBN9fZVZTRwLah6rmp81VSiwcpvfjTpWp2fUdk/zxCJdiV00XrdYhyCKsA/ZUyq WkXPa7RlTD4rT+HvNloP7VPeWNTbccVIASqfamfk0SSC1YYE4FmwyWUo7ov/X6Hg9oG4 5PsBuR013kUSfP0s0h6XHErpmei9YUAOeKKPKgUXqVJ3saPpJZRlfVlHddzn1h2pijVX ulhQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=ewmhx7MzuiQA/qpzczWXGoQWZ9+HJA/lUuKKgaljHXQ=; b=A5tlrBdzKY0y6+RSqYfe94vhjjYUaJADa9v8fhwcP2N1sFBBQdq7xLbD5syDIOJQox WUOBwCOC/kWaGObpn5vRLcuvUswmzDxfvlPoJxp4ZLwJNsSjalyRHYRHqjOn/96uX58j fWTnz/ME8+ZoVnJlybKAORgVYJlYHZ+iocZcEHV3E3uVejkP3CXPHd14Tx19WWQc7SYO zyFPB74bdjqcOZVpqc4RP+rYjvYUxwalkEMJYMWIfEYk6oDRjh4bKkF/onk9y+jAKocU F4QfQJyyJ1+Wugk3wleMhJzeqUZT6kOujdf3qM9D9bSgDp7WaD/VefhFSdA/D50705MK uofQ== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM533Viap0pz5ulpdaV3XBjaNbo3dgelcun+vt8TysF3tNgZoa17OA nWZ3tw5BzyX6IOWuDS9Uoq8qjxhY6FfgkdGxeS/LSUZYRx8= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJyO8zOYQgMbFiYf2E/dD3eKRG3Jy99f00GJXn+uW2W7iGsez8Avf/yhqQ5Ce8nl4T1hnsi+k+/3j7iNgGdc5A8= X-Received: by 2002:a1c:4b04:: with SMTP id y4mr11431755wma.19.1629628557266; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:35:57 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> In-Reply-To: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:35:21 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: DKIM To: Simon Hoffmann Cc: FreeBSD Questions Mailing List , Cyprian Ambe X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GssGk17JDz3PLw X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=EnR41CYa; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mesanliturk@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::333 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=mesanliturk@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.70 / 15.00]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::333:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:35:59 -0000 On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 1:25 AM Simon Hoffmann wrote: > > > On August 22, 2021 5:28:36 AM GMT+02:00, Mehmet Erol Sanliturk < > m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com> wrote: > > > >Please search the following phrases one by one in Google : > > > >opendkim freebsd > >opendkim freebsd package > >opendkim freebsd package download > >opendkim freebsd 11.2 package download > > Oh and you couldn't do that quick search for yourself to directly answer > the question? > > > > > >And also you may search FreeBSD package repositories . > > If you state something like this, please also state how. The OP might be a > beginner and thus not know how to search the repos. Pointing them just to > some Google results (why Google btw) or giving them very brief instructions > might thus not be very helpful as they might not know how to interpret > that. > > > Cheers > Simon > > (why Google btw) : I am using Google searches because it is finding the best , most relevant , complete as possible , reliable , ... Nearly everyday I am searching a multitude of phrases continuously . Other search engines are not sufficiently powerful to find results in that quality . Reason is that . Mehmet Erol Sanliturk From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 10:41:11 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C38946528E3 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:41:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x434.google.com (mail-wr1-x434.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::434]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GssNk73ZYz3QD2 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:41:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x434.google.com with SMTP id h13so21487429wrp.1 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:41:10 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=UagD1He/7N3npeFNErRiAyrDrOEXxIM6ugHRvsT485w=; b=hTPb5xwTkFBrKtYbWF0niNtmRXauQ6xKV4SWYn1+/0W88qrwzYZeW+GH8VOZyhNJeQ R5o5a7XoplCPoJhWMs+1vnCGt9Rqx/vbTde4P6yfMf0oiTcSIjkvkX5/PoCD5ZKfQhkl A6PvoCXuTjD6sMXGEkzw7Z9PCCjFKJ/cT2ozMrOYczC8sWvOvcv65HPqgb8IFX3rFB2H 7dN8P5WTUogePrApyq/sBxIkkETK73jc+Jml21kv9SE1B0DDOmUYB/sX8lECrJKvrqBA TRO4RsmW6XtGrFoxr1j33w4nq6V915i/kjGTaFP+0vH2Wjhi5p+ISNF1X0Gtkq3VgTYk WmnQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=UagD1He/7N3npeFNErRiAyrDrOEXxIM6ugHRvsT485w=; b=In/+l8y8UJ1AklE14CckN4wsGAPXmcr3LCU6owRWC1KJjXLHwzD4L3yXekAF+Rb7Q5 HL1++HfnbkftB7Zasjl5S9qhqKeO9KnfQSUCRq8x4LklB+TV3z+sTijpJsBlmj9SSArz vFWnPxk66H2wKETpkAS96rJY8azW/pcVNagcqOYRXc53p6/OviwzciuJMpNdtUSV6JTF faJr35DPPyB+68dH3cMktlz12mGDDu8TsBdcaxd3PRfbp2Vs38MBjTM8X5c9wuuSnWdA BGY9GyxxHm780130mm2piysDq9yjoNBbtaASfQdcZ4xXw5EyMtMUw8idJ5zPWbPQou1u h1lA== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM531kfOrlqbpdpK62hgHgjgg6/UKPw0TurVWtL44RwbbG4n26gVmR rTOVumFyUN5AEbrFHbAYpm7pjU2n9JXzqrWVM6E= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxlkVw/oWyObSJxxeVS4BJVIM6RuZCWxsvVhHFb3aoc7zG0pnUSdMx52lEgxaP6rT7t6h+/b2ZuflpN60ZQA2M= X-Received: by 2002:adf:e60d:: with SMTP id p13mr8248078wrm.291.1629628863034; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:41:03 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:40:26 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: DKIM To: Ralf Mardorf Cc: FreeBSD Questions Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GssNk73ZYz3QD2 X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=hTPb5xwT; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mesanliturk@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::434 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=mesanliturk@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.70 / 15.00]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; URI_COUNT_ODD(1.00)[1]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::434:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:41:11 -0000 On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 3:17 AM Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:36 +0000, Cyprian Ambe wrote: > >If you state something like this, please also state how. The OP might > >be a beginner and thus not know how to search the repos. Pointing them > >just to some Google results (why Google btw) or giving them very brief > >instructions might thus not be very helpful as they might not know how > >to interpret that. > > Hi, > > it's pointless to discuss this. On some other mailing lists subscribers > would just quote the obligatory > > http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#before > > to a request as yours. > > At the risk of bikeshedding I'll play the Devil's advocate. Assuming > somebody is a "beginner", being in favour of Google rather than another > search engine makes much sense. It's probably still the search engine, > able to provide best recommendations, at least to those, who don't have > the skills to think about ideal search terms. Some alternative search > engines suffer from weak points, when doing researches by non-English > search terms. > > Some people are per se against Google for good reasons, but way too many > people are per se against Google for no good reasons at all. Let alone > excesses against Google, if people choose something even more bad as > a replacement for Google. > > A while back on another mailing list "Dissenter" was recommended as an > alternative to Firefox and especially to Google Chrome or any Google > Chromium based browser. Actually "Dissenter" is from "gab", see > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab_(social_network) . Avoiding usage of > Google not necessarily is the better choice. > > I reply by this off-topic and bikeshedding appearing email since I very > often explicitly mention that FLOSS novices shouldn't replace Google by > other search engines, as long as they are novices who don't have a clue > what good FLOSS related search terms to use. Not that long ago a lot of > people searching for a FLOSS sound server (jackd) for instance got hits > related to LGBTQIA*, but not related to FLOSS. "Beginners" can stay with > DuckDuckGo and other search engines for researches related to t-shirts > or coffee machines. > > Regards, > Ralf > _______________________________________________ > > Really you are right . My opinion is that your answer is not bikeshedding but a very good explanation about what may be good understanding . Mehmet Erol Sanliturk From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 15:05:12 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1C67F65695B for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:05:12 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4GszFM2ngwz3pxZ for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:05:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from [192.168.43.231] (unknown [172.58.137.250]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 82AC74E470 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:05:05 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: DKIM To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:04:58 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GszFM2ngwz3pxZ X-Spamd-Bar: +++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [3.29 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.99)[0.988]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[172.58.137.250:received]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.90)[0.905]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:05:12 -0000 On 8/22/21 5:16 AM, Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:28:36 +0000, Cyprian Ambe wrote: >> If you state something like this, please also state how. The OP might >> be a beginner and thus not know how to search the repos. Pointing them >> just to some Google results (why Google btw) or giving them very brief >> instructions might thus not be very helpful as they might not know how >> to interpret that. > > Hi, > > it's pointless to discuss this. On some other mailing lists subscribers > would just quote the obligatory > > http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#before > > to a request as yours. > +1 When I was a beginner, no I still am, I mean really-really beginner, I read something like that. People are kind by helping you, but you should not abuse their kindness, learn by reading (books, man pages, HOWTOs), not by asking like when professor lectures you in class. Ask only what you really tried to solve yourself, and hit brick wall. And describing what you tried and how it didn't work, helps others to understand what your problem might be, and it helped me to actually solve things by noticing what's amiss when writing detailed description. And lastly, if it is your job (you are not a beginner anymore) you do have to put fair effort into doing your job, not seeking on mail lists who will do for you the job you are paid for. But when you are really stuck, it's time to ask for help, - even those of us who don't consider oneself an expert sometimes know in detail some specific thing and can help. > At the risk of bikeshedding I'll play the Devil's advocate. Assuming > somebody is a "beginner", being in favour of Google rather than another > search engine makes much sense. It's probably still the search engine, > able to provide best recommendations, at least to those, who don't have > the skills to think about ideal search terms. Some alternative search > engines suffer from weak points, when doing researches by non-English > search terms. > > Some people are per se against Google for good reasons, but way too many > people are per se against Google for no good reasons at all. Let alone > excesses against Google, if people choose something even more bad as > a replacement for Google. > > A while back on another mailing list "Dissenter" was recommended as an > alternative to Firefox and especially to Google Chrome or any Google > Chromium based browser. Actually "Dissenter" is from "gab", see > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab_(social_network) . Avoiding usage of > Google not necessarily is the better choice. > > I reply by this off-topic and bikeshedding appearing email since I very > often explicitly mention that FLOSS novices shouldn't replace Google by > other search engines, as long as they are novices who don't have a clue > what good FLOSS related search terms to use. Not that long ago a lot of > people searching for a FLOSS sound server (jackd) for instance got hits > related to LGBTQIA*, but not related to FLOSS. "Beginners" can stay with > DuckDuckGo and other search engines for researches related to t-shirts > or coffee machines. > Hm, I for one "duckduckgo" everything, including really technical things, and if I don't find them, like why pf prevents traffic from jail to some service on localhost of the host machine, whereas ipfw never did block it, then there is nothing to find, not that if I "google" instead I will get better results. Just for fun I tested, and this another "google" search engine did not better than my regular "duckduckgo" into technical part, or even rather did worse towards "t-shirts" and other stuff you mentioned ;-) As far as firefox itself is concerned, I still am trying to part with it. There are many annoyances, some are nuisances, but I still didn't find fair open source replacement. Sigh. Valeri > Regards, > Ralf > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 16:40:38 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58FDB6585C1 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 16:40:38 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt1MT1XGCz4mYy for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 16:40:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews2.riseup.net (fews2-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.84]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt1MK6PKbzDyQG for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 09:40:29 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629650429; bh=k45PKtQlt8Yl1R43KC742NJJAzKJ0EriX7+LwoO+dTQ=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=gwL1NxXo38+wFI+tmrshLcGN5Tb97OAsXZvuXUqfJhhmynaZtGcNy5EG++sH1RSuW VSuyF4p//5gpfJ7cDPyKSxzwSn5rF3Ra7VQ6yxwLPSvvkgtMavBZMVGYFAFF4k5yRO chiQMULjpmRxM1i0Mcy83s6QSrewgpjgAd2WFx+g= X-Riseup-User-ID: 1F389870849338FEE37B1EB6D778D373E3B6D392BA4D7E3F9076358D73EDDD87 Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews2.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gt1MK34wgz1yBS for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 09:40:29 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:40:27 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt1MT1XGCz4mYy X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=gwL1NxXo; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.37 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.93)[0.933]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 16:40:38 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:04:58 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >Just for fun I tested, and this another "google" search engine did >not better than my regular "duckduckgo" into technical part, or even >rather did worse towards "t-shirts" and other stuff you mentioned ;-) Valeri, did you try to search for t-shirts by image? https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/search_by_image/ "A powerful reverse image search tool, with support for various search engines" The default search engines seem to be "Google, Bing, Yandex, Baidu and TinEye", at least those are checked here. IIRC I never edited the checked/unchecked search engines. The complete list of reverse image search engines doesn't contain DuckDuckGo [1]. >Department of Astronomy A few days back we had 3 active meteor showers, one of them the Perseids close at their peak. I've done a 30 seconds interval, by 20 seconds time exposures and 10 seconds processing time. Don't worry, I'll come back to Google vs other search engines. I got a lot of plane navigation lights, everything that looks like a meteor at a first glance obviously are planes far away, since they start at 1 interval and continue for usually 2 intervals, but at least for a second interval. One shot shows something, that likely is a satellite flare. One "star" seems to be only visible on 1 interval out of 721 interval shots + 1 test shot before starting the interval. The shooting was done in the night from 14 to 15 August. IIUC even a supernova is visible for longer than 30 seconds, let alone that this August a visible supernova was days before the night from 14 to 15 August. Btw. I didn't try a reverse image search engine, but googled and made my way by following one link by another, IIRC starting with Wikipedia. There seems to be not a single meteor on any of the 722 photos. Probably no search engine is much of a help to analyse the photos since I don't have any astronomical skills. For BSD, Linux, POSIX, UNIX novices man pages and search engines are similar useless. Today I like man pages a lot, but in the beginning I was in favour of search engines, since man pages were way to hard to understand without enough basic knowledge. However, you are able to use DuckDuckGo with good search terms. A real beginner tends to use naive search terms and due to Google's advanced analysis and data mining, Google IMO provides more useful hits. Keep in mind, Google knows when search engine users are pregnant, before the users know they are, but maybe this is just an urban myth. If so, its a good myth. Regards, Ralf [1] Google Images Bing Images Yandex.Images Baidu Image Search Sogou Images TinEye Reverse Image Search Karma Decay trace.moe SauceNAO lqdb Ascii2d Getty Images iStock Shutterstock Adobe Stock Depositphotos Pintarest Qihoo 360 Images Jingdong Taobao Alibaba China Mail.ru Image Search Dreamstime Alamy 123RF eSearch plus TMview Global Brand Database Madrid Monitor Australien Trade Mark Search Australien Design Search IPONZ Trade Mark Check Graphic Image Park PimEyes Stocksy United Pond5 PIXTA IKEA Reddit Repost Sleuth From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 17:05:29 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A40A1658B75 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:05:29 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4Gt1w84Dr4z4shY for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:05:28 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from [192.168.43.231] (unknown [172.58.137.250]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 272754E473 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 12:05:28 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: DKIM To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 12:05:27 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt1w84Dr4z4shY X-Spamd-Bar: + Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [1.31 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[0.999]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[172.58.137.250:received]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.91)[0.911]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:05:29 -0000 On 8/22/21 11:40 AM, Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:04:58 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >> Just for fun I tested, and this another "google" search engine did >> not better than my regular "duckduckgo" into technical part, or even >> rather did worse towards "t-shirts" and other stuff you mentioned ;-) > > Valeri, > > did you try to search for t-shirts by image? > > https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/search_by_image/ > > "A powerful reverse image search tool, with support for various search > engines" > > The default search engines seem to be "Google, Bing, Yandex, Baidu and > TinEye", at least those are checked here. IIRC I never edited the > checked/unchecked search engines. > > The complete list of reverse image search engines doesn't contain > DuckDuckGo [1]. > >> Department of Astronomy > > A few days back we had 3 active meteor showers, one of them the > Perseids close at their peak. I've done a 30 seconds interval, by 20 > seconds time exposures and 10 seconds processing time. > > Don't worry, I'll come back to Google vs other search engines. > > I got a lot of plane navigation lights, everything that looks like a > meteor at a first glance obviously are planes far away, since they > start at 1 interval and continue for usually 2 intervals, but at > least for a second interval. > > One shot shows something, that likely is a satellite flare. > > One "star" seems to be only visible on 1 interval out of 721 interval > shots + 1 test shot before starting the interval. > > The shooting was done in the night from 14 to 15 August. IIUC even a > supernova is visible for longer than 30 seconds, let alone that this > August a visible supernova was days before the night from 14 to 15 > August. > > Btw. I didn't try a reverse image search engine, but googled and made > my way by following one link by another, IIRC starting with Wikipedia. > > There seems to be not a single meteor on any of the 722 photos. > > Probably no search engine is much of a help to analyse the photos > since I don't have any astronomical skills. > > For BSD, Linux, POSIX, UNIX novices man pages and search engines are > similar useless. Today I like man pages a lot, but in the beginning I > was in favour of search engines, since man pages were way to hard to > understand without enough basic knowledge. > How strange you would say that. I was posting you into the same age category as myself. Back then when I was young, we didn't use web search engines at all. They didn't exist (at least for us living where I lived). We just were reading the book that came with [personal] computer, which effectively amounted to and was formatted as a regular man pages (and had in addition ergonomic, and whatever suggestions on how to not get your health hurt when using computer whole day). And we started to use man command [do not remember when I first did]. > However, you are able to use DuckDuckGo with good search terms. A real > beginner tends to use naive search terms and due to Google's > advanced analysis and data mining, Google IMO provides more useful > hits. Keep in mind, Google knows when search engine users are > pregnant, before the users know they are, but maybe this is just an > urban myth. If so, its a good myth. > Many non-technical people use google mostly, just because they never tweak away what is in default settings. And browsers (spare Microsoft and Apple) play it into google hands. But funny thing is: majority of people I do technical support for do seek answer to any, even simple, question by "googling" it. Including URL of their own department website. One of my friends even made a joke: do you ask google how much money you have left in your wallet? Valeri > Regards, > Ralf > > > [1] > Google Images > Bing Images > Yandex.Images > Baidu Image Search > Sogou Images > TinEye Reverse Image Search > Karma Decay > trace.moe > SauceNAO > lqdb > Ascii2d > Getty Images > iStock > Shutterstock > Adobe Stock > Depositphotos > Pintarest > Qihoo 360 Images > Jingdong > Taobao > Alibaba China > Mail.ru Image Search > Dreamstime > Alamy > 123RF > eSearch plus > TMview > Global Brand Database > Madrid Monitor > Australien Trade Mark Search > Australien Design Search > IPONZ Trade Mark Check > Graphic Image Park > PimEyes > Stocksy United > Pond5 > PIXTA > IKEA > Reddit Repost Sleuth > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sat Aug 21 07:47:11 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions+confunsub-25bb7e1338526665@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD73366E71F for ; 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The subject and the > body of the message can be anything. > > After doing so, you should receive a reply informing you that the operation > succeeded. > > If you do not want to do this, simply ignore this message. > > > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 04:27:09 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B29067E00E for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 04:27:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from beebeetles@posteo.de) Received: from mout01.posteo.de (mout01.posteo.de [185.67.36.65]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gsj583bBDz4VJd for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 04:27:08 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from beebeetles@posteo.de) Received: from submission (posteo.de [89.146.220.130]) by mout01.posteo.de (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8BF02240026 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 06:27:01 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=posteo.de; s=2017; t=1629606421; bh=v15w/h5dfPXOCNG3xkbC2sPJ3pZh64Otj3XPhMPDz4k=; h=To:From:Subject:Date:From; b=TjFSkDbK/E/8TxUFvhKrcdUQvM+KPNg8Oqj0gUzcOVsCUxLfxqYaC2Fh+w0Fz4HpM RopU1nljYOuTQIBAZlhLR4BeRmhaz5/Ola9tUeWYRrQiF/ZdNRfWa8RAadZAtbTB/q RPI7NM/OB6SCIhYq8erM0mHR9eQcG/S2M/en+76dBhEXXo6IXaL7FFGVDOlMTFl0oP nGjux4sYpnY+Ul93rWev1gCwDQN2NOOVxDCSuEK9nMkrK3g53CzTOm3lPu2kCy4Vro 7qT7iaG+onL7kV4EpnhGjFGGT4uj2bA8FJWArwNmhbRqoJHUhJWYFi3Eozl7DUXoJQ HKJm2tKT6RHDQ== Received: from customer (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by submission (posteo.de) with ESMTPSA id 4Gsj504Tcyz6tmN for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 06:27:00 +0200 (CEST) To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org From: beebeetles@posteo.de Subject: Risks of "unhiding" Device Nodes in devfs.rules for jails? Message-ID: Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 04:26:57 +0000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-CA Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gsj583bBDz4VJd X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=posteo.de header.s=2017 header.b=TjFSkDbK; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=posteo.de; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of beebeetles@posteo.de designates 185.67.36.65 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=beebeetles@posteo.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.70 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:185.67.36.0/23]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_DKIM_ARC_DNSWL_MED(-0.50)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED(-0.20)[185.67.36.65:from]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[posteo.de:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[posteo.de,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8495, ipnet:185.67.36.0/23, country:DE]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[posteo.de:s=2017]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[posteo.de:dkim]; FROM_NO_DN(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[185.67.36.65:from]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-Mailman-Approved-At: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:20:28 +0000 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 04:27:09 -0000 Hi all, I'm trying to understand the implications of "unhiding" device nodes for jails through `devfs.rules`. In particular, I'm hoping to know if there are any security risks incurred by unhiding certain device nodes. For example, if I create a devfs ruleset with the following rule for a vnet jail: add path 'bpf*' unhide will packets going though the host system become visible to the jail? As another example, if I do `add path 'da*' unhide`, does /dev/da0 become accessible (for read and write) to the jail? If unhiding device nodes creates no risk, why would one need the ability to hide device nodes at all? Thank you. 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ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[simonhoffmann.net:s=dkim1]; FREEFALL_USER(0.00)[simon]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; TAGGED_RCPT(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[85.13.155.197:from]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-Mailman-Approved-At: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:21:09 +0000 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:25:32 -0000 On August 22, 2021 5:28:36 AM GMT+02:00, Mehmet Erol Sanliturk wrote: > >Please search the following phrases one by one in Google : > >opendkim freebsd >opendkim freebsd package >opendkim freebsd package download >opendkim freebsd 11=2E2 package download Oh and you couldn't do that quick search for yourself to directly answer t= he question?=20 > >And also you may search FreeBSD package repositories =2E If you state something like this, please also state how=2E The OP might be= a beginner and thus not know how to search the repos=2E Pointing them just= to some Google results (why Google btw) or giving them very brief instruct= ions might thus not be very helpful as they might not know how to interpret= that=2E=20 Cheers=20 Simon=20 From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 17:28:00 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2DF5E659538 for ; 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Sun, 22 Aug 2021 13:27:44 -0400 Received: from smtp.lan.sohara.org (EMTPY [185.202.17.215]) by r2.h.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Sun, 22 Aug 2021 13:27:43 -0400 Received: from [192.168.63.1] (helo=steve.lan.sohara.org) by smtp.lan.sohara.org with smtp (Exim 4.94 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1mHrG2-00086g-Qc; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:27:41 +0100 Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:27:41 +0100 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: Valeri Galtsev Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-Id: <20210822182741.b9c785cde8cf2ed1a63c5090@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.1) X-Clacks-Overhead: "GNU Terry Pratchett" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; 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RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[142.0.176.198:from]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.82.1d4d4000132aaaf.6900146511cc0dfce8d0f0f2245b1dd4@email-od.com]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[email-od.com:dkim] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:28:00 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 12:05:27 -0500 Valeri Galtsev wrote: > do you ask google how much money you have left in your wallet? No, I'm afraid they might know the answer! -- Steve O'Hara-Smith From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 17:34:10 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C3E09659A81 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:34:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: from mail-vs1-xe31.google.com (mail-vs1-xe31.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::e31]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt2YF5nfPz3HSH for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:34:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com) Received: by mail-vs1-xe31.google.com with SMTP id i1so9603622vsk.8 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:34:09 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=X8y4Op3fv3IT4ZaOaPgRYi1tFJ2UDs+/y4e40kAgN1Q=; b=c2FJX9PmghjEWizkKiNg6SXAsGlNJYoRufHFBTwCxURM5tg8QPKJlUtenp5OSiQ7qz t8H99Xq6z1K0NQjQSVUODNDJLgk2lrF8sMbvG5FwtkwHtzhJVeDrNMylRvDiNvPlBVVq n0qrVcEml65RGqHpGyK1kkkXImiVjvaI1WQ7uqjiLg1oBicleJPetE38k7T5kFrIMT8O BIAAQYdx2u3YKVijzhHE9K2y7xn3V0atS2yBv0oSXEXOGxLvayOn4jgrwXaMKr8m9/5D jUV1dy48TsbCuEDEDYsiz0+W1VC34DgZ9uCVcxVnt6e9bjiwue8RJQVGlSlSHVfHjwdd MZ8g== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=X8y4Op3fv3IT4ZaOaPgRYi1tFJ2UDs+/y4e40kAgN1Q=; b=LEUFQMGhbr/KwwFJ63AZaKA7cvF8eRnqrqOeneXpQi5cqELya1fG9TkQ+qiWeeOxKo RMFlMrmv+ESF6y4XdWl5Vuk//ejGL4QNMM2mL8Ws8E9SihdvZJS3FpzMToda3R8sA1um myInDzlC1lMu/IZtOxH8t06uW2zjVWCjwBTiYl+QIgWDRPWpAyIwfnxNE03Y197yzXvY Z/6LOL912RpKD3Sj85hivv7gZqVVXgtWkzmKWsXZxLzVARC3OGX9Yt64k4WDzvVoGQAF Yc4xTlavPlM+NBN/FguIDzlXF3ButVQoRl8AeDM7xd73CcovWqX+SY98gdzz0iwiCT/L M8YA== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5336CMV/i8vkAcDg1ortz70+WpNTWuShtnhjYvTK7jysxMzXzjwK LRx8pvUjZjUnK6p+6RMIdmXKpKsjK2qrc8zKAxs= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxaWaHfIXsTQCvrycqN09Wqh9bEIMqoHLGK5yCbzCxkeCR9tsxivNoaQf8d/gKUWuIiIWR/GunlorEiNBT/CG8= X-Received: by 2002:a67:8c5:: with SMTP id 188mr22281855vsi.4.1629653649377; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:34:09 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822182741.b9c785cde8cf2ed1a63c5090@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: <20210822182741.b9c785cde8cf2ed1a63c5090@sohara.org> From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:33:33 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: DKIM To: "Steve O'Hara-Smith" Cc: Valeri Galtsev , FreeBSD Questions Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt2YF5nfPz3HSH X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=c2FJX9Pm; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of mesanliturk@gmail.com designates 2607:f8b0:4864:20::e31 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=mesanliturk@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.17 / 15.00]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2607:f8b0:4000::/36:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.40)[-0.397]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2607:f8b0::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.999]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.93)[0.926]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2607:f8b0:4864:20::e31:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:34:10 -0000 On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 10:28 AM Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 12:05:27 -0500 > Valeri Galtsev wrote: > > > do you ask google how much money you have left in your wallet? > > No, I'm afraid they might know the answer! > > -- > Steve O'Hara-Smith > _______________________________________________ > > Even me , I believe that you are right ... In that sense , your answer was a very wonderful idea . In Turkey , some banks are warning the customers that "do not use foreign mail services because they are tracking your ( therefore our ) financial activities" ... Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Mehmet Erol Sanliturk From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 17:57:24 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3544465A289 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:57:24 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt3433cwhz3PH2 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:57:23 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews1.riseup.net (fews1-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.83]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt3423sJVzDyYK for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:57:22 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629655042; bh=7A6+6KMA1bNg+y0tRUGtCA977tpVYjbXsbjizTSJSL0=; h=Subject:From:To:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=APFOeIbdxwqJ97XAq8LSCvRy38F9er7y/7QVbVIOoKnZEJsKY1W77QSGXWBVELzDa uOy3j3K+cZ2O5+BYfOqW3zQ5lYJM4MJUWn1JjPhffmMkBLR5ZmPz5419pfRqQlFkKy YwZk4qTA0hiWXemBRqvzqvYnkXQairi8z1FyMnpw= X-Riseup-User-ID: 58DC314392B4DB2FAF86AE54656FBC467AD55FFD9DD09B79425A137134A6E8AF Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gt3416MTxz5vYk for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:57:21 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <4b7375b3b207318a2b5381c683496864e83bffe4.camel@riseup.net> Subject: Re: DKIM From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 19:57:19 +0200 In-Reply-To: <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt3433cwhz3PH2 X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=APFOeIbd; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.998]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:57:24 -0000 On Sun, 2021-08-22 at 12:05 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: > How strange you would say that. I was posting you into the same age > category as myself. Back then when I was young, we didn't use web > search engines at all. They didn't exist (at least for us living where > I lived). We just were reading the book that came with [personal] > man pages (and had in addition ergonomic, and whatever suggestions on > started to use man command [do not remember when I first did]. You aren't mistaken. I was born in 1966. I live in Germany and we always were way behind with anything Internet related. Due to the corona pandemic we now clearly see how many decades we are still behind. My bookshelves were overloaded with computer software and computer hardware books. An example I've got at hand, it's still in a bookshelf, while many books are in cartons: https://i.imgur.com/2w6OKS9.jpg https://i.imgur.com/1o7399J.jpg "The Times They Are a-Changin'" we probably do not use Assembly, BASIC or Turbo Pascal to use BIOS routines. IOW we also not necessarily start learning by reading man pages, instead for the good and the bad, a search engine can be used. > Many non-technical people use google mostly, just because they never > tweak away what is in default settings. And browsers (spare Microsoft > and Apple) play it into google hands. That's a good point, but it also explains why Google has got so much more information than other search engines. Information that can be used for mind reading, if people don't use smart search terms. > One of my friends even made a joke: do you ask google how much money > you have left in your wallet? :D From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 18:26:05 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 41F7265AA80 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:26:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4Gt3j856J2z3n3G for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:26:04 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from [192.168.43.231] (unknown [172.58.137.250]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 462AA4E470 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 13:26:04 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: DKIM To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <763F5C0F-E364-4C57-8D09-A0679F547979@simonhoffmann.net> <20210822121658.13a66645@archlinux> <207e382e-fad4-68f6-de81-df7ca2e1a40f@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822184027.5ddae2e0@archlinux> <465c6ca1-0cf8-4e88-7f4c-fb466fe373c2@kicp.uchicago.edu> <4b7375b3b207318a2b5381c683496864e83bffe4.camel@riseup.net> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <7dd69600-931b-f749-589e-fb7647a55379@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 13:26:03 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <4b7375b3b207318a2b5381c683496864e83bffe4.camel@riseup.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt3j856J2z3n3G X-Spamd-Bar: +++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [3.30 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[172.58.137.250:received]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.90)[0.904]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:26:05 -0000 On 8/22/21 12:57 PM, Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Sun, 2021-08-22 at 12:05 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >> How strange you would say that. I was posting you into the same age >> category as myself. Back then when I was young, we didn't use web >> search engines at all. They didn't exist (at least for us living where >> I lived). We just were reading the book that came with [personal] >> man pages (and had in addition ergonomic, and whatever suggestions on >> started to use man command [do not remember when I first did]. > > You aren't mistaken. I was born in 1966. I live in Germany and we always > were way behind with anything Internet related. Due to the corona > pandemic we now clearly see how many decades we are still behind. > > My bookshelves were overloaded with computer software and computer > hardware books. > > An example I've got at hand, it's still in a bookshelf, while many books > are in cartons: > > https://i.imgur.com/2w6OKS9.jpg > https://i.imgur.com/1o7399J.jpg > Wow, it is interesting to read Deutsch with some clearly English, at least abbreviations (BIOS,...) I do like the calipers!! I do have similar of my own (in addition to electronic one). > "The Times They Are a-Changin'" we probably do not use Assembly, BASIC > or Turbo Pascal to use BIOS routines. IOW we also not necessarily start > learning by reading man pages, instead for the good and the bad, a > search engine can be used. > Pascal... I first learned Algol (and a bit of FORTRAN), so Pascal went for me as a "flavor of Algol" :-) Then we had quite efficient Borland Pascal, and several of us remember it... and once with one of such people, passing by BP (British Petroleum) gas (benzene) station, I said: oh, you see: Borland Pascal ;-) >> Many non-technical people use google mostly, just because they never >> tweak away what is in default settings. And browsers (spare Microsoft >> and Apple) play it into google hands. > > That's a good point, but it also explains why Google has got so much > more information than other search engines. Information that can be used > for mind reading, if people don't use smart search terms. There is one more thing to it. In many places it is pushed on technical people by bureaucrats from above, that "your website must have google related content info, and it must have embedded link to google analytics"... There you have it. This thing in the past was considered at least not a decent thing to do to your website visitors: their browser MUST NOT be made going to any external URLs while on your website. Not these days. The measure of "decent behavior" ah, not even changed, it is fully ignored ;-( But on the other hand, majority of people are sort of clueless, and do not care, so those who do care are in minority and bound to suffer. Like in, what Europeans will not like to hear, as they like democracy, but I still will say it: democracy by the definition is dictatorship of majority over minority ;-) Valeri > >> One of my friends even made a joke: do you ask google how much money >> you have left in your wallet? > > :D > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 18:53:49 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E36F365B382 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:53:49 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsdlists.admin@protonmail.com) Received: from mail-40135.protonmail.ch (mail-40135.protonmail.ch [185.70.40.135]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "protonmail.com", Issuer "R3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt4K83CJlz3tlC for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:53:48 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsdlists.admin@protonmail.com) Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:53:38 +0000 To: "m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com" From: JB Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Reply-To: JB Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.2 required=10.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,DKIM_VALID_EF,FREEMAIL_FROM,FREEMAIL_REPLYTO shortcircuit=no autolearn=disabled version=3.4.4 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on mailout.protonmail.ch X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt4K83CJlz3tlC X-Spamd-Bar: ++ X-Spamd-Result: default: False [2.63 / 15.00]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsdlists.admin@protonmail.com]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[protonmail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:185.70.40.0/24]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[protonmail.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[protonmail.com,quarantine]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FREEMAIL_TO(0.00)[gmail.com]; RCVD_COUNT_ZERO(0.00)[0]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[protonmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:62371, ipnet:185.70.40.0/24, country:CH]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FAKE_REPLY(1.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[protonmail.com:s=protonmail]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.33)[0.332]; TAGGED_RCPT(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_REPLYTO(0.00)[protonmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[1.000]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 18:53:50 -0000 > Message: 6 > > Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:35:21 -0700 > > From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com > > To: Simon Hoffmann simon@simonhoffmann.net > > Cc: FreeBSD Questions Mailing List freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, > > Cyprian Ambe > > > Subject: Re: DKIM > > On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 1:25 AM Simon Hoffmann simon@simonhoffmann.net > > wrote: > > > On August 22, 2021 5:28:36 AM GMT+02:00, Mehmet Erol Sanliturk < > > (why Google btw) : > > I am using Google searches because it is finding the best , most relevant > > , complete as possible , reliable , ... > > Nearly everyday I am searching a multitude of phrases continuously . Othe= r > > search engines are not sufficiently powerful to > > find results in that quality . > > Reason is that . > > Mehmet Erol Sanliturk Don't use Google. Use startpage.com instead. It uses Google's search engine= but doesn't log your searches or feed the Google beast your data. Here's what their front page says: Don't be tracked online. Protect your personal data. No collecting or selling search history No 3rd party ad trackers or cookies Search and browse anonymously Sent with ProtonMail Secure Email. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 19:04:46 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6061665B4CA for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 19:04:46 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4Gt4Yn4zX9z4SCg for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 19:04:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from [192.168.43.231] (unknown [172.58.137.250]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 54C594E473 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:04:45 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: DKIM To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:04:44 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt4Yn4zX9z4SCg X-Spamd-Bar: + Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [1.33 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[172.58.137.250:received]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.93)[0.925]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 19:04:46 -0000 On 8/22/21 1:53 PM, JB via freebsd-questions wrote: >> Message: 6 >> >> Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 03:35:21 -0700 >> >> From: Mehmet Erol Sanliturk m.e.sanliturk@gmail.com >> >> To: Simon Hoffmann simon@simonhoffmann.net >> >> Cc: FreeBSD Questions Mailing List freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, >> >> Cyprian Ambe >> >> >> Subject: Re: DKIM >> >> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 1:25 AM Simon Hoffmann simon@simonhoffmann.net >> >> wrote: >> >>> On August 22, 2021 5:28:36 AM GMT+02:00, Mehmet Erol Sanliturk < >> >> (why Google btw) : >> >> I am using Google searches because it is finding the best , most relevant >> >> , complete as possible , reliable , ... >> >> Nearly everyday I am searching a multitude of phrases continuously . Other >> >> search engines are not sufficiently powerful to >> >> find results in that quality . >> >> Reason is that . >> >> Mehmet Erol Sanliturk > > Don't use Google. Use startpage.com instead. Thanks a lot!! I remember there was scroogle.[org or com?] which was doing similar thing, until the founder died ;-( > It uses Google's search engine but doesn't log your searches or feed the Google beast your data. > > Here's what their front page says: > > Don't be tracked online. Protect your personal data. > No collecting or selling search history > No 3rd party ad trackers or cookies > Search and browse anonymously I looked up their domain with whois, and from what I see I tend to trust them. Valeri > Sent with ProtonMail Secure Email. > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 20:17:41 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0EFB565BFF6 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 20:17:41 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt69w0qGlz4pRT for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 20:17:40 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews1.riseup.net (fews1-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.83]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt69t6SDjzDq84 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 13:17:38 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629663458; bh=UWYwS/J1SWv83zIp8OG/EONYQsJgPzRpyRxAwYO+HDk=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=ZjJ9bAXR9P58no26aIw71HIZLJXjTpvjpnLKm7WTNCIE+gHzVK4UU3FETMZ40Xyz8 0ZXbMpNDIuaDCclBt+Qkpp2O1Ie3ZQzZzBvb/N69C+qbaqDzwPxvFlMlkvWQjBgmT1 M3xWlaDF8GEKijFDOU3/vSD6YQNcLP0cxrn/tQts= X-Riseup-User-ID: 204155FE4BF7D6591E8A282B6C8A65D1EA87F664B6FE0C76153CDAE80C9BB687 Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gt69t1vqYz5vkJ for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 13:17:38 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:17:35 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt69w0qGlz4pRT X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=ZjJ9bAXR; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.58 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.98)[-0.980]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.70)[0.699]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 20:17:41 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:04:44 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >I remember there was scroogle.[org or com?] which was doing similar >thing, until the founder died ;-( I started with Scroogle and after that used Startpage a lot. Some of my browsers still open with Startpage, but I tend to migrate more and more to Google. By default Startpage's family filter is enabled. It seems to be possible to use a special URL to keep the settings, when deleting cookies. Sometimes the family filter is an issue, even when using non-offensive Linux and FreeBSD search terms. Suggestions and hits differ when comparing Startpage and Google. If I type "lens co" the second suggestion shown by Google is "lens correction", Startpage doesn't offer "lens correction" at all. Suggestions are important for those who don't know the correct term, for individuals with dyslexia, not being familiar with a foreign language and so on. If I type "fo pa" Google offers "fopaux" which leads to "faux pas". Startpage offers "fo pang" which leads to nothing useful. For Startpage it at least is required to type "fopa" without the space, to get a pointer to "faux pas". From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 21:06:50 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23B9865D09B for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:06:50 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from lumiwa@dismail.de) Received: from mx1.dismail.de (mx1.dismail.de [78.46.223.134]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA512 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "mx1.dismail.de", Issuer "R3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt7Gd094gz3NL2 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:06:48 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from lumiwa@dismail.de) Received: from mx1.dismail.de (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mx1.dismail.de (OpenSMTPD) with ESMTP id 5bfcf10d; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:06:41 +0200 (CEST) Received: from smtp2.dismail.de ( [10.240.26.12]) by mx1.dismail.de (OpenSMTPD) with ESMTP id 6cd659e9; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:06:40 +0200 (CEST) Received: from smtp2.dismail.de (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by smtp2.dismail.de (OpenSMTPD) with ESMTP id f6cb3fa6; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:06:40 +0200 (CEST) Received: by dismail.de (OpenSMTPD) with ESMTPSA id 22cff4af (TLSv1.3:AEAD-AES256-GCM-SHA384:256:NO); Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:06:39 +0200 (CEST) Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:06:36 -0400 From: LuMiWa To: Ralf Mardorf Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210822170636.221bd176@dismail.de> In-Reply-To: <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> References: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> X-Mailer: Claws Mail 3.18.0 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd13.0) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt7Gd094gz3NL2 X-Spamd-Bar: -- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.81 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[dismail.de:s=20190914]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:78.46.223.134]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.99)[0.988]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[dismail.de:dkim]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[dismail.de:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[dismail.de,reject]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:24940, ipnet:78.46.0.0/15, country:DE]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[78.46.223.134:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:06:50 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:17:35 +0200 Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:04:44 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: > >I remember there was scroogle.[org or com?] which was doing similar=20 > >thing, until the founder died ;-( >=20 > I started with Scroogle and after that used Startpage a lot. Some of > my browsers still open with Startpage, but I tend to migrate more and > more to Google. >=20 > By default Startpage's family filter is enabled. It seems to be > possible to use a special URL to keep the settings, when deleting > cookies. Sometimes the family filter is an issue, even when using > non-offensive Linux and FreeBSD search terms. >=20 > Suggestions and hits differ when comparing Startpage and Google. >=20 > If I type "lens co" the second suggestion shown by Google is "lens > correction", Startpage doesn't offer "lens correction" at all. >=20 > Suggestions are important for those who don't know the correct term, > for individuals with dyslexia, not being familiar with a foreign > language and so on. >=20 > If I type "fo pa" Google offers "fopaux" which leads to "faux pas". > Startpage offers "fo pang" which leads to nothing useful. For > Startpage it at least is required to type "fopa" without the space, to > get a pointer to "faux pas". > _______________________________________________ Did you ever try metager.de or metager.com for english language? I am long time user. https://metager.de/meta/meta.ger3?eingabe=3D%22fo+pa%22&submit-query=3D&foc= us=3Dweb&s=3D&f=3D&ff=3D&ft=3D&m=3D --=20 "Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.=E2=80=9D Leo Tolstoy From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 21:09:09 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D30665D06E for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:09:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from kicp.uchicago.edu (kicp.uchicago.edu [128.135.20.70]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4Gt7KJ4nFBz3NlJ for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:09:08 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu) Received: from point.uchicago.edu (point.uchicago.edu [128.135.52.6]) (Authenticated sender: galtsev) by kicp.uchicago.edu (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 6C04E4E473 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 16:09:08 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: DKIM To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> From: Valeri Galtsev Message-ID: <7dd22db2-f8a8-5499-bc89-851d1bf7a503@kicp.uchicago.edu> Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 16:09:02 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt7KJ4nFBz3NlJ X-Spamd-Bar: + Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=fail reason="No valid SPF, No valid DKIM" header.from=uchicago.edu (policy=none); spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu has no SPF policy when checking 128.135.20.70) smtp.mailfrom=galtsev@kicp.uchicago.edu X-Spamd-Result: default: False [1.09 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.99)[0.985]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.71)[0.709]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; RCVD_NO_TLS_LAST(0.10)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:160, ipnet:128.135.0.0/16, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DMARC_POLICY_SOFTFAIL(0.10)[uchicago.edu : No valid SPF, No valid DKIM,none] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:09:09 -0000 On 8/22/21 3:17 PM, Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:04:44 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >> I remember there was scroogle.[org or com?] which was doing similar >> thing, until the founder died ;-( > > I started with Scroogle and after that used Startpage a lot. Some of my > browsers still open with Startpage, but I tend to migrate more and > more to Google. > > By default Startpage's family filter is enabled. Oh, thanks, I'll keep that in mind. I do not want anybody filtering anything I request or what comes to me. Like firefox wants by default filter "deceptive or dangerous content". > It seems to be > possible to use a special URL to keep the settings, when deleting > cookies. Sometimes the family filter is an issue, even when using > non-offensive Linux and FreeBSD search terms. > > Suggestions and hits differ when comparing Startpage and Google. > Then to keep privacy level close to what one has with startpage.com one can access google using tor browser > If I type "lens co" the second suggestion shown by Google is "lens > correction", Startpage doesn't offer "lens correction" at all. > > Suggestions are important for those who don't know the correct term, > for individuals with dyslexia, not being familiar with a foreign > language and so on. > Yes, but once one needs suggestions... the privacy goes out of the window (Ah, I guess it is US idiom I stole, I should have said: disappears instead). Valeri > If I type "fo pa" Google offers "fopaux" which leads to "faux pas". > Startpage offers "fo pang" which leads to nothing useful. For > Startpage it at least is required to type "fopa" without the space, to > get a pointer to "faux pas". > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valeri Galtsev Sr System Administrator Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Phone: 773-702-4247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 21:50:53 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E0FC65DBF3 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:50:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt8FR6LvHz3ryV for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:50:51 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews1.riseup.net (fews1-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.83]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt8FQ1tkhzDq8h for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:50:50 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629669050; bh=T3EjiMGpAKklzhxwJuLczOQQhAazNbtKwW3JrJ6+dNk=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=NVF0d+J7SLGzNYeCTm3NFpGehKwpDHKn1H+OBQVvf30rp652TdXQ0jdXQLz2P/mtj NNGKJ1MZ20p7lceSa/+FTBKzjouWis7re0EATN+KGKMCbBx+bHJCWjAzxk/FWfLoi8 65tuAAEVr/vhgNsUvxz+o0pYPPfX8hwHJXAJOggs= X-Riseup-User-ID: 29025BE615B583BA3B3670C0E85CE791397C245EE09FAFA6B69F31BFC9836E82 Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gt8FP4f5Pz5vjg for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 14:50:49 -0700 (PDT) Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:50:46 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210822235046.34178029@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <20210822170636.221bd176@dismail.de> References: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> <20210822170636.221bd176@dismail.de> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt8FR6LvHz3ryV X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=NVF0d+J7; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.30 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[0.997]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 21:50:53 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 17:06:36 -0400, LuMiWa via freebsd-questions wrote: >Did you ever try metager.de or metager.com for english language? I am >long time user. > >https://metager.de/meta/meta.ger3?eingabe=%22fo+pa%22&submit-query=&focus=web&s=&f=&ff=&ft=&m= I don't know. Probably yes, I likely did. Search aggregators might have improved, since the last time I tested one. I'll take a look at it. Semantic search/question answering/natural language processing is a nice idea, but in the end often not as comfortable as a "mind reading" search engine. Privacy concerns in one way or another are advisable for almost all search engines. https://www.wolframalpha.com/ https://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/society-and-culture/arts-and-media/music/ https://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/science-and-technology/physics/ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 22:41:25 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3866965ED2E for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:41:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt9Mm1qDgz4ZRg for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:41:24 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews2.riseup.net (fews2-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.84]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt9Ml0GWpzDs6c for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:41:23 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629672083; bh=3vxzN4/K0y/H4a84AAXnnWst0i97L6hGbjef59O2htQ=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=OQlPd5YJBBeyCrsZHaNkNAsHOu56+MA9UdmQvUskW+Eqy7rQB7+/IHBSc26Dq3EPc Cw/gvihuaBKV/uh3J4HYN8ss+m8LtU9Z+s0k00Rsgzz1v07Asl5gZE1SCyF6diKqSB OaDnGIVoCbTrtrPgjOwkcxUcEjydOJaVs4hX7r84= X-Riseup-User-ID: 6D043EA4F23295B1817FC5BCAC8EC03A547C62E1CB1790922200CA4DDBFD956F Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews2.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gt9Mk355jz1yBb for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:41:22 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 00:41:19 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210823004119.7e4297ba@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <7dd22db2-f8a8-5499-bc89-851d1bf7a503@kicp.uchicago.edu> References: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> <7dd22db2-f8a8-5499-bc89-851d1bf7a503@kicp.uchicago.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt9Mm1qDgz4ZRg X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=OQlPd5YJ; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.29 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.99)[-0.985]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:41:25 -0000 On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 16:09:02 -0500, Valeri Galtsev wrote: >> Suggestions are important for those who don't know the correct term, >> for individuals with dyslexia, not being familiar with a foreign >> language and so on. >> =20 > >Yes, but once one needs suggestions... the privacy goes out of the=20 >window (Ah, I guess it is US idiom I stole, I should have said:=20 >disappears instead). Yes, suggestions are problematic. Btw. TOR browser + Google is slower than Startpage. PS: Regarding Dyslexia my iPad offered me today https://apps.apple.com/de/app/scandys-lesehilfe-scanner-ocr/id1512502620 for 2.99 =E2=82=AC https://apps.apple.com/de/app/navidys-lesen-mit-legasthenie/id1507784155 for 4.99 =E2=82=AC or the bundle https://apps.apple.com/de/app-bundle/dyslexia-better-reading-scan-text-docu= ments-opendyslexic/id1523729314 for 7.99 =E2=82=AC instead of 9.98 =E2=82=AC. I had a good laugh and wonder if there is a dyscalculia helper app available, too? "2.99 =E2=82=AC + 4.99 =E2=82=AC =3D x" seems to be a problem all search en= gines are able to solve. https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3D2.99%2B4.99 https://duckduckgo.com/?q=3D2.99%2B4.99&t=3Dhy&va=3Dg&ia=3Dcalculator https://www.google.com/search?q=3D2.99%2B7.99&source=3Dhp&ei=3DJNAiYbm1Ncmh= kwWAqYagBw&iflsig=3DAINFCbYAAAAAYSLeNFnpCkuMWJYtF7MUyj2UQ5qoRl54&oq=3D2.99%= 2B7.99&gs_lcp=3DCgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBAgAEB46CAguEIAEEJMCOgUILhCABDoFCAAQgAQ6Cwg= uEIAEEMcBENEDOgYIABAIEB5Q7hJYqzxgh0FoAXAAeACAAXWIAeIHkgEDMC45mAEAoAEBsAEA&s= client=3Dgws-wiz&ved=3D0ahUKEwi515qk18XyAhXJ0KQKHYCUAXQQ4dUDCAg&uact=3D5 An issue still remains, is 7.98 =E2=82=AC less or more than 7.99 =E2=82=AC = or 9.98 =E2=82=AC? ;) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 22:47:06 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1CE6A65E9EA for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:47:06 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt9VK2VS8z4c9v for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:47:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews2.riseup.net (fews2-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.84]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gt9VJ3lsBzDyKb for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:47:04 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1629672424; bh=92cf3xr/P9D/AipyIv+pJ5YCvggEpzScnhl/NPEhYSA=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=SmDtvLAFsyIppENJYy5OvAJoeFQNmw4Mp/kG9et+gyVsKLCR5sIWmawCwDS6ZgNGK OoJR8w5r3FtJPqSLW+ocp0WLASim5Q+dRDcak8Lo7F1iMv+NwLrur/WdI7AA3jWJl+ 4XLyGAx496PDTptjPGtmvJVM1cXs3vm0EAcLD0o0= X-Riseup-User-ID: D59424C412334E95BD8CA3E10AB524F6A7ED22A70A00A176AC20485A6EFC353C Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews2.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gt9VH6MKzz1yBb for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 15:47:03 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 00:47:01 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: DKIM Message-ID: <20210823004701.473055c8@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <20210823004119.7e4297ba@archlinux> References: <28f8b622-b956-799c-89bd-1151e824118d@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210822221735.22a86506@archlinux> <7dd22db2-f8a8-5499-bc89-851d1bf7a503@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20210823004119.7e4297ba@archlinux> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gt9VK2VS8z4c9v X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=SmDtvLAF; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.33 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx:c]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.97)[0.967]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 22:47:06 -0000 On Mon, 23 Aug 2021 00:41:19 +0200, Ralf Mardorf wrote: >"2.99 =E2=82=AC + 4.99 =E2=82=AC =3D x" seems to be a problem all search e= ngines are able >to solve. > >https://www.google.com/search?q=3D2.99%2B7.99&source=3Dhp&ei=3DJNAiYbm1Ncm= hkwWAqYagBw&iflsig=3DAINFCbYAAAAAYSLeNFnpCkuMWJYtF7MUyj2UQ5qoRl54&oq=3D2.99= %2B7.99&gs_lcp=3DCgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBAgAEB46CAguEIAEEJMCOgUILhCABDoFCAAQgAQ6Cw= guEIAEEMcBENEDOgYIABAIEB5Q7hJYqzxgh0FoAXAAeACAAXWIAeIHkgEDMC45mAEAoAEBsAEA&= sclient=3Dgws-wiz&ved=3D0ahUKEwi515qk18XyAhXJ0KQKHYCUAXQQ4dUDCAg&uact=3D5 As long as the fingers are able to push the correct keys on the number pad. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Aug 23 06:07:27 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AB902663DE8 for ; Mon, 23 Aug 2021 06:07:27 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from parv.0zero9@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x434.google.com (mail-wr1-x434.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::434]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GtMGQ4zWHz4ZkX for ; Mon, 23 Aug 2021 06:07:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from parv.0zero9@gmail.com) Received: by mail-wr1-x434.google.com with SMTP id k8so24490426wrn.3 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:07:26 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=YHVvCvQd68LCP6RzgvXdh8QOT2vz/5B61oTlFBvi6Qc=; b=X40Z2NaViUGYp3ISJPTpdGTY5Wh7SIcJMgIJWdrhx1PbNr0FYXsM/f2Ro1sGnGjq+0 TDNwn3h3tyKxd8NwcGK3o13OApjs7SnEiWOeoXxmQH72DjrdSwlGHeIpl2nWZogvwT1q +TVY2kwHfY9Bs5a1Eo2YSfe1VJfrTBGTiCf6CSVOXelmWcI5UfaIwW9enEgRKZUM37j9 IrRiJHZunyEOd/BQlTHVkA9pQKKa/DcqvyJV8b8II6sm2Q4104pj/Q9lFQfjlqPo3fVR RlVovqBBx0v5z7jY2TW7oV+WYMOnm1vTfZRH//QiRzob5jnFxZase3dLg4sFEu0Zuh/1 H77Q== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=YHVvCvQd68LCP6RzgvXdh8QOT2vz/5B61oTlFBvi6Qc=; b=e9B0xSF+XjVKRfixZaAUNU8+pRAIry6O9mk12NsWPqSqmTraO1KdjrO3qX3NMcqgzK MFDJIjYR5Nc+n1d7Vj6VF0uvP9zDVYjunQsz3BO2wt9ewKwKUz6hTtc1NiewvbP4fOgL wUNvQ1qTerfmbR8SD60W70Ss26NwGWFL1od06Nj3j8biF9dhJxr4fH5Gts/qOSnvRsZW MpSyXFvwUj8r6PooXr/S9uPUaZsjg5DTKyFIyogE+6TACHNhlzzFa3vFri8qUU1rvShO wqE3RukWEJQNcSyhlUARARO96d0+zj6TCLVexhvIXzghhDz1zOwI5F+l0q1fPv0GS+z4 f9BA== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM532bmKYlTdm9NeuX0TFoI7SgwUv8zhMzaI1HLjUWOFUADx8CGDl2 kBCfpqp4WnwR9QKs5ntd57P4FX6qqiUVAp9imC9g/Dqp4LY= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJyQeSvu7XY5bM9Cpxxy7JeoBY7VUKISEPbMO5D3NXCmw2wnwri9xvRdmyAVK+qtlRsShbtxwNiIHDSgL6YMTYY= X-Received: by 2002:adf:f490:: with SMTP id l16mr10089768wro.136.1629698845657; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:07:25 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: "parv/freebsd" Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 20:05:52 -1000 Message-ID: Subject: NFS v3 - FreeBSD 12 server connection getting timed out on CentOS 8 client To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GtMGQ4zWHz4ZkX X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=X40Z2NaV; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of parv0zero9@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::434 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=parv0zero9@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.47 / 15.00]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[freebsd]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.13)[-0.130]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.34)[-0.338]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[1.000]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::434:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 06:07:27 -0000 Hi there, CentOS 8 client (host name is replaced with "CentOS8-nfs3-client") ... Linux CentOS8-nfs3-client 4.18.0-305.10.2.el8_4.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jul 20 17:25:16 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux ... is having issues connecting to FreeBSD 12 NFS v3 server (host name has been replaced with "FreeBSD-nfsd") ... FreeBSD FreeBSD-nfsd 12.2-RELEASE-p7 FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE-p7 GENERIC amd64 ... when writing to one of the 2 ZFS pools. On the server, there is not much CPU load; drive activity does not match the connection being timed. On client, CPU getting stuck messages are being printed to everyone when trying to write to the NFS server (a short log is at the end). On the server side, I had not seen any output -- from smartctl or nfsd -- which could indicate such a problem. The client machine had been recently replaced. Same issue was present then, and is now. On the server, I have set "vfs.nfsd.debuglevel=2" to see if there would be any output when the client would complain after connection getting timed out. How do I go about investigating or solve this? - parv A short log from CentOS8-nfs3-client about connection timed out ... Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 22s! [kworker/u24:0:672075] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#1 stuck for 22s! [kworker/u24:10:672632] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#2 stuck for 22s! [kworker/u24:4:672525] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: Modules linked in: nfsv3 nfs_acl rpcsec_gss_krb5 auth_rpcgss nfsv4 dns_resolver nfs lockd grace fscache xt_CHECKSUM ipt_MASQUERADE xt_conntrack ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 nft_compat nft_counter nft_chain_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_tables libcrc32c nfnetlink tun bridge stp llc sunrpc vfat fat intel_rapl_msr intel_rapl_common snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_sof_pci snd_sof_intel_byt snd_sof_intel_ipc snd_sof_intel_hda_common snd_soc_hdac_hda snd_sof_xtensa_dsp snd_sof_intel_hda snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_sof snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio snd_soc_skl snd_soc_sst_ipc snd_soc_sst_dsp x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp snd_hda_ext_core coretemp snd_soc_acpi_intel_match snd_soc_acpi kvm_intel snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg soundwire_intel soundwire_generic_allocation iTCO_wdt mei_wdt iTCO_vendor_support intel_wmi_thunderbolt wmi_bmof snd_soc_core kvm snd_compress soundwire_cadence soundwire_bus irqbypass snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core crct10dif_pclmul Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: crc32_pclmul snd_hwdep snd_seq ghash_clmulni_intel rapl snd_seq_device intel_cstate snd_pcm intel_uncore snd_timer snd pcspkr soundcore i2c_i801 mei_me mei intel_pch_thermal ie31200_edac wmi acpi_pad intel_pmc_core ip_tables ext4 mbcache jbd2 sd_mod t10_pi sg i915 cec intel_gtt drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops drm igb ahci e1000e libahci libata dca i2c_algo_bit crc32c_intel video pinctrl_cannonlake fuse Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: CPU: 2 PID: 672525 Comm: kworker/u24:4 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G W L --------- - - 4.18.0-305.10.2.el8_4.x86_64 #1 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: Hardware name: Puget Systems C246M-WU4/C246M-WU4-CF, BIOS F4e 09/16/2020 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: Workqueue: rpciod rpc_async_schedule [sunrpc] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: RIP: 0010:native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x18f/0x1d0 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: Code: c1 e9 12 83 e0 03 83 e9 01 48 c1 e0 05 48 63 c9 48 05 00 ac 02 00 48 03 04 cd a0 b8 b7 a7 48 89 10 8b 42 08 85 c0 75 09 f3 90 <8b> 42 08 85 c0 74 f7 48 8b 02 48 85 c0 0f 84 6e ff ff ff 48 89 c1 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: RSP: 0018:ffff9d9bc7f57de8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffff13 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8a7c795a3000 RCX: 0000000000000004 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: RDX: ffff8a8b7c2aac00 RSI: 00000000000c0000 RDI: ffff8a7c795a3670 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: RBP: ffff8a7c795a3670 R08: 0000000000100000 R09: 0000000000000000 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: R10: ffff8a8a12ef2800 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff8a816e31d310 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffffffffc0c52b20 R15: ffffffffc0c44cf0 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8a8b7c280000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: CR2: 000055af47ebff44 CR3: 0000000eb0610001 CR4: 00000000003706e0 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: Call Trace: Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: _raw_spin_lock+0x1c/0x20 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: xprt_prepare_transmit+0x4a/0xb0 [sunrpc] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: call_transmit+0x2e/0x80 [sunrpc] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: __rpc_execute+0x85/0x3c0 [sunrpc] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: ? try_to_wake_up+0x1cd/0x540 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: rpc_async_schedule+0x29/0x40 [sunrpc] Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: process_one_work+0x1a7/0x360 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: ? create_worker+0x1a0/0x1a0 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: worker_thread+0x30/0x390 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: ? create_worker+0x1a0/0x1a0 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: kthread+0x116/0x130 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: ? kthread_flush_work_fn+0x10/0x10 Aug 21 08:31:04 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 ... similar for many other CPUs ... Aug 21 08:34:06 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: rpc_check_timeout: 123 callbacks suppressed Aug 21 08:34:06 CentOS8-nfs3-client kernel: nfs: server FreeBSD-nfsd not responding, timed out From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sun Aug 22 08:18:12 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBCD26505A8 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:18:12 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from simon@simonhoffmann.net) Received: from dd39600.kasserver.com (dd39600.kasserver.com [85.13.155.197]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GspCl5qmGz4WWH for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:18:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from simon@simonhoffmann.net) Received: from uhura.hoffmann.computer (ipb21bed2b.dynamic.kabel-deutschland.de [178.27.237.43]) by dd39600.kasserver.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 5B26B22A0407 for ; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:18:03 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=simonhoffmann.net; s=dkim1; h=Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-Type: MIME-Version:Message-ID:References:In-Reply-To:Subject:To:From:Date:Sender: Reply-To:Cc:Content-ID:Content-Description:Resent-Date:Resent-From: Resent-Sender:Resent-To:Resent-Cc:Resent-Message-ID:List-Id:List-Help: List-Unsubscribe:List-Subscribe:List-Post:List-Owner:List-Archive; bh=guVPj01IyvnjhzAXYi7YOpHldeSa1hxNLXthCaNLhLI=; b=TINdFrjX8uyb0QRsOhdJyncbAR EojojnaUVusL6rfT7VIkTWrbdAD3+mSe4AfyHCDxvImC7bDrCQKi0fqMi10bojb2kKgrnRXkFnADa rBnieUhsQjGogZo5B0iywbGg9KDiDup+mYVq+VU2IP4ZEHwBQOcnthp0Psk1t+lJ134riEdlelpz1 hHtiKJmiooXWUDxMJFb9Bl9oAWe5w6h8quXaS/hc0uQQ0FavbEjp1spOioBSm7R1Op/QvhesHsRNz g4DJgs71HZvQ4MfRkDlXq8Kc14VlFBytEwBVwB4rhDSGQyNcaN5FjpccbtN2j6yC0At+8ir6jxNyC +Bmx4AwA==; Received: from [178.27.237.43] (port=46978 helo=[127.0.0.1]) by uhura.hoffmann.computer with esmtpsa (TLS1.2) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1mHig4-00083P-34; Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:18:01 +0200 X-CTCH-RefID: str=0001.0A782F25.61220839.0001, ss=1, re=0.000, recu=0.000, reip=0.000, cl=1, cld=1, fgs=0 Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 10:17:59 +0200 From: Simon Hoffmann To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, Cyprian Ambe Subject: Re: DKIM In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable abuse: abuse@hoffmann.computer X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GspCl5qmGz4WWH X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=simonhoffmann.net header.s=dkim1 header.b=TINdFrjX; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=simonhoffmann.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of simon@simonhoffmann.net designates 85.13.155.197 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=simon@simonhoffmann.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.70 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a:w012befb.kasserver.com]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[simonhoffmann.net:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[simonhoffmann.net,none]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:34788, ipnet:85.13.155.0/24, country:DE]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[178.27.237.43:received]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[simonhoffmann.net:s=dkim1]; FREEFALL_USER(0.00)[simon]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[85.13.155.197:from]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-Mailman-Approved-At: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 09:47:05 +0000 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 08:18:13 -0000 On August 22, 2021 3:47:35 AM GMT+02:00, Cyprian Ambe wrote: >Please does freebsd 11=2E2 release -p9 amd64 have active support for open= dkim? Hey=2E=20 May I first ask, why you still use 11=2E2? 11=2E2 is no longer maintained = and has reached end of life a while ago=2E For security purposes an update = to 11=2E4 would be recommended=2E=20 It seems like you are already running FreeBSD=2E In that case, you can sea= rch the packages list for an available package with the command "pkg search= opendkim"=2E=20 If you find more than one package you can choose which one, or ask further= which one to use=2E For opendkim there should only be one=2E=20 And to answer your question=2E Yes, opendkim is available on FreeBSD 11=2E Cheers=20 Simon=20 From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Aug 23 09:54:10 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 42D48668698 for ; Mon, 23 Aug 2021 09:54:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@qeng-ho.org) Received: from mailout.qeng-ho.org (mailout.qeng-ho.org [217.155.128.244]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GtSJ10xCZz4bFQ for ; Mon, 23 Aug 2021 09:54:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@qeng-ho.org) Received: from arthur.home.qeng-ho.org (unknown [IPv6:2a02:8010:64c9:1::2]) by mailout.qeng-ho.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89352564FF; Mon, 23 Aug 2021 10:53:53 +0100 (BST) Subject: Re: DKIM To: Simon Hoffmann , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, Cyprian Ambe References: From: Arthur Chance Message-ID: <035acd4c-1cc5-551e-f111-207d30ddcee2@qeng-ho.org> Date: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 10:53:52 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.11.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-GB Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GtSJ10xCZz4bFQ X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@qeng-ho.org designates 217.155.128.244 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@qeng-ho.org X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.85 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:217.155.128.240/29]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[qeng-ho.org]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.96)[-0.958]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.77)[-0.768]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.88)[0.877]; SUBJ_ALL_CAPS(0.30)[4]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:13037, ipnet:217.155.0.0/16, country:GB]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 09:54:10 -0000 On 22/08/2021 09:17, Simon Hoffmann wrote: > > > On August 22, 2021 3:47:35 AM GMT+02:00, Cyprian Ambe > wrote: > >> Please does freebsd 11.2 release -p9 amd64 have active support for >> opendkim? > > > Hey. > > May I first ask, why you still use 11.2? 11.2 is no longer maintained > and has reached end of life a while ago. For security purposes an > update to 11.4 would be recommended. 11.4 reaches EOL at the end of next month (38 days from today). People should be on 12.2 or 13.0 if they are happy with .0 releases. -- Nothing teaches one not to try to stamp out burning thermite quite like real-life experience. — James Davis Nicoll From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 01:47:38 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D0695675B52 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 01:47:38 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cpnael@freebsd.org) Received: from mail.pnai.gov.gr (mail.pnai.gov.gr [84.205.237.60]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4GtsSB1qfTz3N4N for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 01:47:38 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from cpnael@freebsd.org) Received: from csfur.com ([51.81.199.231]) by pnai.gov.gr with MailEnable ESMTPA; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 04:47:29 +0300 From: cpnael@freebsd.org To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org require password update Date: 23 Aug 2021 18:47:25 -0700 Message-ID: <20210823184725.45421DD07D6BD5F2@freebsd.org> X-Envelope-Sender: cpnael@freebsd.org X-ME-Bayesian: 0.000000 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GtsSB1qfTz3N4N X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none X-Spamd-Result: default: False [0.00 / 15.00]; ASN(0.00)[asn:35506, ipnet:84.205.236.0/22, country:GR]; local_wl_from(0.00)[freebsd.org] MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 01:47:38 -0000 From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 13:47:08 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 752F4657D44 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 13:47:08 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bmcgover@cisco.com) Received: from rcdn-iport-4.cisco.com (rcdn-iport-4.cisco.com [173.37.86.75]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher DHE-RSA-SEED-SHA (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "iport.cisco.com", Issuer "HydrantID Server CA O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gv9QK6bZCz4xJ3 for ; 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Received: from doctor by doctor.nl2k.ab.ca with local (Exim 4.94.2 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1mIXMq-000CQN-6A for freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 08:25:32 -0600 Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 08:25:32 -0600 From: The Doctor To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: [matt@openssl.org: OpenSSL Security Advisory] Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvBfg6tJLz3GN3 X-Spamd-Bar: ++++++ X-Spamd-Result: default: False [7.00 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; GREYLIST(0.00)[pass,body]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(0.00)[+a:c]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; BAD_REP_POLICIES(0.10)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; RBL_VIRUSFREE_BOTNET(2.00)[204.209.81.1:from]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(0.00)[nl2k.ab.ca,quarantine]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[1.000]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6171, ipnet:204.209.81.0/24, country:CA]; INTRODUCTION(2.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-Spam: Yes X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 14:42:52 -0000 Is the kernel going to be updated? Also openssh updates did take place. ----- Forwarded message from Matt Caswell ----- Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 14:16:11 +0000 From: Matt Caswell To: openssl-project@openssl.org, openssl-users@openssl.org, openssl-announce@openssl.org Subject: OpenSSL Security Advisory User-Agent: Mutt/1.9.4 (2018-02-28) -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 OpenSSL Security Advisory [24 August 2021] ========================================== SM2 Decryption Buffer Overflow (CVE-2021-3711) ============================================== Severity: High In order to decrypt SM2 encrypted data an application is expected to call the API function EVP_PKEY_decrypt(). Typically an application will call this function twice. The first time, on entry, the "out" parameter can be NULL and, on exit, the "outlen" parameter is populated with the buffer size required to hold the decrypted plaintext. The application can then allocate a sufficiently sized buffer and call EVP_PKEY_decrypt() again, but this time passing a non-NULL value for the "out" parameter. A bug in the implementation of the SM2 decryption code means that the calculation of the buffer size required to hold the plaintext returned by the first call to EVP_PKEY_decrypt() can be smaller than the actual size required by the second call. This can lead to a buffer overflow when EVP_PKEY_decrypt() is called by the application a second time with a buffer that is too small. A malicious attacker who is able present SM2 content for decryption to an application could cause attacker chosen data to overflow the buffer by up to a maximum of 62 bytes altering the contents of other data held after the buffer, possibly changing application behaviour or causing the application to crash. The location of the buffer is application dependent but is typically heap allocated. OpenSSL versions 1.1.1k and below are affected by this issue. Users of these versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1l. OpenSSL 1.0.2 is not impacted by this issue. OpenSSL 3.0 alpha/beta releases are also affected but this issue will be addressed before the final release. This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 12th August 2021 by John Ouyang. The fix was developed by Matt Caswell. Read buffer overruns processing ASN.1 strings (CVE-2021-3712) ============================================================= Severity: Moderate ASN.1 strings are represented internally within OpenSSL as an ASN1_STRING structure which contains a buffer holding the string data and a field holding the buffer length. This contrasts with normal C strings which are repesented as a buffer for the string data which is terminated with a NUL (0) byte. Although not a strict requirement, ASN.1 strings that are parsed using OpenSSL's own "d2i" functions (and other similar parsing functions) as well as any string whose value has been set with the ASN1_STRING_set() function will additionally NUL terminate the byte array in the ASN1_STRING structure. However, it is possible for applications to directly construct valid ASN1_STRING structures which do not NUL terminate the byte array by directly setting the "data" and "length" fields in the ASN1_STRING array. This can also happen by using the ASN1_STRING_set0() function. Numerous OpenSSL functions that print ASN.1 data have been found to assume that the ASN1_STRING byte array will be NUL terminated, even though this is not guaranteed for strings that have been directly constructed. Where an application requests an ASN.1 structure to be printed, and where that ASN.1 structure contains ASN1_STRINGs that have been directly constructed by the application without NUL terminating the "data" field, then a read buffer overrun can occur. The same thing can also occur during name constraints processing of certificates (for example if a certificate has been directly constructed by the application instead of loading it via the OpenSSL parsing functions, and the certificate contains non NUL terminated ASN1_STRING structures). It can also occur in the X509_get1_email(), X509_REQ_get1_email() and X509_get1_ocsp() functions. If a malicious actor can cause an application to directly construct an ASN1_STRING and then process it through one of the affected OpenSSL functions then this issue could be hit. This might result in a crash (causing a Denial of Service attack). It could also result in the disclosure of private memory contents (such as private keys, or sensitive plaintext). OpenSSL versions 1.1.1k and below are affected by this issue. Users of these versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1l. OpenSSL versions 1.0.2y and below are affected by this issue. However OpenSSL 1.0.2 is out of support and no longer receiving public updates. Premium support customers of OpenSSL 1.0.2 should upgrade to 1.0.2za. Other users should upgrade to 1.1.1l. An initial instance of this issue in the X509_aux_print() function was reported to OpenSSL on 18th July 2021 by Ingo Schwarze. The bugfix was developed by Ingo Schwarze and first publicly released in OpenBSD-current on 10th July 2021 and subsequently in OpenSSL on 20th July 2021 (commit d9d838ddc). Subsequent analysis by David Benjamin on 17th August 2021 identified more instances of the same bug. Additional analysis was performed by Matt Caswell. Fixes for the additional instances of this issue were developed by Matt Caswell. Note ==== OpenSSL 1.0.2 is out of support and no longer receiving public updates. Extended support is available for premium support customers: https://www.openssl.org/support/contracts.html OpenSSL 1.1.0 is out of support and no longer receiving updates of any kind. The impact of these issues on OpenSSL 1.1.0 has not been analysed. Users of these versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1. References ========== URL for this Security Advisory: https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20210824.txt Note: the online version of the advisory may be updated with additional details over time. For details of OpenSSL severity classifications please see: https://www.openssl.org/policies/secpolicy.html -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQEzBAEBCAAdFiEEhlersmDwVrHlGQg52cTSbQ5gRJEFAmEk/mUACgkQ2cTSbQ5g RJFqwgf+JbgzTg6LoHNHCIAHkCwHHq2+bZO4ziGbxNxiSv5+37x3jV2iDxdjUeK6 IY87VG0AvjKCD5gN3eMpgOTspO9S2F5fq/q2HE0iIVc8bmR0w3TBvUtFceiBaW2X GyEPxtvG5IG5cMT7vEguk1yq3CgKfXqCz88/gya2YvC/9E7idoyi2UQbEYx+VHRU j5LDGPqYvqaUhWg7FfSCNZ5grdv9pl0A9Kx+HeoIYAi5LZgrcGScm7JpiU7dRa+L 3y1597g6uHOKuGORXkvR9Q61xnNSvOqfV6KLWkMR4PU1a3+Qklpofzub0SZwUIlr bgQ+i2Jm0IMrYHOmG8A9UDzNEqnEjA== =8QGT -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- ----- End forwarded message ----- -- Member - Liberal International This is doctor@@nl2k.ab.ca Ici doctor@@nl2k.ab.ca Yahweh, Queen & country!Never Satan President Republic!Beware AntiChrist rising! Look at Psalms 14 and 53 on Atheism https://www.empire.kred/ROOTNK?t=94a1f39b Canada on 20 Sept 2021 vote ! Beware https://mindspring.com From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 15:16:43 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 02373659C6C for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:16:43 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tomek@cedro.info) Received: from mail-wm1-x32a.google.com (mail-wm1-x32a.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::32a]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvCPk0nD4z3QRs for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:16:42 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tomek@cedro.info) Received: by mail-wm1-x32a.google.com with SMTP id k20-20020a05600c0b5400b002e87ad6956eso900301wmr.1 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 08:16:42 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=cedro.info; s=google; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc:content-transfer-encoding; bh=ctL6+1EjwuA+p7sNv5+eFQU3eChZP86zy6seD/pj/VM=; b=OaSPJr9AV0IlAeCYiYTPrrvXoC6IQr2wRTjSzb923qw9BBFmwKO7zyRChhIfxsa9eH OuolQAKjCb8u6XzqNiatjahwJIRJ7xIz3bBOqXU4VJOtUYjbn/oT8WwW5jiQEQ2XdkAN JrqLrsqMayGzCaFEE3n1G/xSLw8xG6iX+IuKS/91myU0LUK4IJHM0sDEnvyEPtoHwylx U1dcBQe0XC7qLpeV1mpd1MBs3fsyhe8MBQSvUclhqOdxnJUTpXkckkHmsY4XowWaynty bRwo76D8nol0e2ydmpBvB6hTAEGBAGx1AIM9BeWG0i7bf++leW12IIJc8xN0SoP2HC02 0rCg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc:content-transfer-encoding; bh=ctL6+1EjwuA+p7sNv5+eFQU3eChZP86zy6seD/pj/VM=; b=Qbs/R/3XHPc3Dwpt0u63UoFJM34wuww50uD+dJX3X8IzsBNjw901ZXhenYm2pZ8EB7 Tc6pifOBaMfSVEcpzdzafJx9qafRqqksJxlRYg8aKcnck2j5OFWH9xa63ZvB47MSTdgx mT4t935hhVsGOT3gog1Hx5iLPVFaz6JQ31xK/5j+RJNrSNp6HE04aa/uUIQCCYpQjiai 8ZadEGtheGVYQS75C9gvW2gfDfykWeZrW6Pkw4W17Ay8KKrTPmZEnHLZCJUHXXL1Cw4x 2cfAGkO+O4ZxCCj+AA1/WU/IwdfHrXa+GjNdUJlqjTTNBKgA2ViWWuFAEzwil6yYRoEH iBCQ== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5329akJpL2ZYWlkegN+TGlRN4CeHxRzDRFomAyYvURlHwvf8H4tF 6Ol+ZnMrLC31go1MqyQHb+hrt+l7NW5hZ3ebRwq5KQ== X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxMqb6mBNOlXG33jPrmJIpUAcwurvDwmcjFetREgPcRUhoZzo12tLnw+MyStyJE9e2LE0qADelm2vVViSjpIlI= X-Received: by 2002:a7b:cb02:: with SMTP id u2mr4591913wmj.103.1629818194801; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 08:16:34 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: Tomasz CEDRO Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 17:16:06 +0200 Message-ID: Subject: Re: Arduino Development on aarch64? To: "Brian McGovern (bmcgover)" Cc: "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" , "skreuzer@freebsd.orig" Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvCPk0nD4z3QRs X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=cedro.info header.s=google header.b=OaSPJr9A; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of tomek@cedro.info has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::32a) smtp.mailfrom=tomek@cedro.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.29 / 15.00]; TO_DN_EQ_ADDR_SOME(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[cedro.info:s=google]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.99)[-0.991]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[cedro.info]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[cedro.info:+]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::32a:from]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:16:43 -0000 On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 3:47 PM Brian McGovern (bmcgover) wrote: > I've had some good luck. I'm not sure its the right way forward, but I fi= gured I'd share it here as a reference to others, and that someone might pi= ck up my changes. Congratulations! :-) > My environment: RPI4 w/8GB, FreeBSD 13.0 Release, X running at 1920x1280 = per various documentation. I have some BananaPi and whole bunch of other boards but did not try FreeBSD + embedded development on them yet :-) > 1.) /usr/ports/devel/gcc-arm-embedded is marked as broken for aarch64. Th= is does not appear to be the case in the hardware configuration above. Comm= enting out the "BROKEN_aarch64" line had it building fine as near as I can = tell. Maybe this is related to my memory/swap note, below? Please report that on https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/ maybe someone with proper hardware and some time may verify. I wonder if adding big swap (i.e. 8GB+) will fix the problem :-) > 2.) There appears to be a name space conflict in /usr/ports/openocd/work/= openocd-0.10.0/src/target/nds32_tlb.h over PAGE_SIZE_4K, and the redefiniti= on breaks the build. Since the definition is fairly local, it looks fairly = safe to use this patch to undefine the system definition before redefining = and using it where needed. Since it looks like you created the original por= t, and I'm cc'ing the maintainer, hopefully one of you can either incorpora= te this, or re-think the solution (e.g. maybe use "PAGE_SIZE_IS_4K" instead= to avoid the namespace problem here). > > *** nds32_tlb.h.orig Tue Aug 3 05:26:01 2021 > --- nds32_tlb.h Tue Aug 3 05:25:29 2021 > *************** > *** 20,25 **** > --- 20,26 ---- > #define OPENOCD_TARGET_NDS32_TLB_H > > #include "nds32.h" > + #undef PAGE_SIZE_4K > enum { > PAGE_SIZE_4K =3D 0, > PAGE_SIZE_8K, This seems upstream issue with the specific Target MCU and/or its particular variant? Can you please contact the OpenOCD mailing list to verify? Maybe you will fix the upstream :-) > With those two changes, I was able to get the arduinio18 port built. I've= tested several of the basic examples available with my UNO locally, and I = didn't have any issues with the code compiling, downloading, or running. Th= ere may be some more complicated cases that I haven't hit yet, but if I hit= anything, I'll let you know. Super cool :-) If we have those two above fixes in the upstream so its "fire-and-forget" for everyone we will put that info on the WiKi :-) --=20 CeDeROM, SQ7MHZ, http://www.tomek.cedro.info From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 16:35:53 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0C89265B123 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:35:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tomek@cedro.info) Received: from mail-wr1-x432.google.com (mail-wr1-x432.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::432]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvF941PqZz4Y9p for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:35:51 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from tomek@cedro.info) Received: by mail-wr1-x432.google.com with SMTP id h13so32280948wrp.1 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 09:35:51 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=cedro.info; s=google; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc:content-transfer-encoding; bh=NvCtWVh+jsQHDNC7zYi/OUHrdRVioBXkLa0KTFdAjQw=; b=JHBwBBJmmHqFGVisq7Uo2AgKchQilZJei/Ha/kCrOCO9Bu4RpXtZuJ+OkpaBEmjfta Si+bNIYvUR33G1/hi6QjuUoCkinJHTKluMPWxPlAMbCirkziXDw3pUi+Bno0mO1/ltbb P4xFhuuSlUpHACTui66tColEyH4DmfpLkTaYSnVulE3lWVzRFKLBwWlMOmzuG8F3GeOr Q0wMWxSE5izAJ6HzxK5v4iPoAiOiandRz+7qqxzCu/Zx0Uoyg8/Brh1SKuRbN1+NcPh+ y719/lCxVJyAt7tDUYXP0SoT2QpU3ZHube7Eum6HSq7cMUnIcc2FoyAkJd84F4aMHr63 dyoQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc:content-transfer-encoding; bh=NvCtWVh+jsQHDNC7zYi/OUHrdRVioBXkLa0KTFdAjQw=; b=HF/hEw2gAzoNXgp0Xr7cADN2ba6YH1qnkFNv2bSK9IB/5BEvMj9Rv0dSlnH7b8gugM zch7MfYh55YB238/zkNqKLFOv8DKEo4Orq6QxH15L9gWtTSXFatAX8OV6RL25+VrHODr FPB4zU7AprVBLoZuhMQ1E5FDyZ3JlrI7o6THZdFC1I3i6ZwI6QCUWH/bt+bu94MoRNeu uETAQnHMEaypk2pj1nuGtVDdIT309d0JdEl4FKC77loAIvDwsuJ7ZKvNFSE+PP+H7G89 OskepScUKix76Sbge9f0jzsaH9yViTdX6GR1U7z0v9hg7k831UFOSBBeRDBL7tJ4ASYL wY9w== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5336tSXq/sGy5GnhwwDDBVetX2byJ8KXwkChs6uwyLHD42Y0flHB 0MS6S1eRRhRT5qlUJIbZu4nRBDnZTJpYxWfJjGjR4GvQH0o= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJz8IYSJPLF+yj328+avhpjrX0eu7c6wcwfhbhRxYk+5eyboph6zQWt2xa57M68HviMtZHU6y5KN2wH3fB6cH64= X-Received: by 2002:a5d:47a4:: with SMTP id 4mr12887345wrb.329.1629822945342; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 09:35:45 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: Tomasz CEDRO Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 18:35:16 +0200 Message-ID: Subject: Re: Arduino Development on aarch64? To: "Brian McGovern (bmcgover)" Cc: FreeBSD Questions Mailing List Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvF941PqZz4Y9p X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=cedro.info header.s=google header.b=JHBwBBJm; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of tomek@cedro.info has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::432) smtp.mailfrom=tomek@cedro.info X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.22 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[cedro.info:s=google]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.98)[-0.981]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[cedro.info]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[cedro.info:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::432:from]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.94)[-0.942]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; SUBJECT_ENDS_QUESTION(1.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:35:53 -0000 On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 6:09 PM Brian McGovern (bmcgover) wrote: > > > Please report that on https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/ maybe someone > > with proper hardware and some time may verify. I wonder if adding big > > swap (i.e. 8GB+) will fix the problem :-) > > Done. I suspect its a proportional issue - the smaller the RAM, the large= r the swap required. The flip side to this is that compile time goes WAY up= , and swap on some of the 64 bit arms is a bit unstable (leading to other c= rashes). Its one of the reasons I spent the extra $$ to get the 8GB variant= - almost makes it like a "real machine" =F0=9F=99=82 Yup :-) I also lack of more RAM in my AMD64 laptop and 8GB is really small in modern world.. but the RAM is soldered to the board.. I have IR Soldering Station and did some replacements of various components so I will try to perform RAM by hand hardware upgrade in my laptop to 16GB or 32GB I just need to find a replacement chips that will fit :-) This could be done also for ARM boards I guess :-) > > This seems upstream issue with the specific Target MCU and/or its > > particular variant? Can you please contact the OpenOCD mailing list to > > verify? Maybe you will fix the upstream :-) > > I don't have a ton of hardware variants, but this looks unique to FreeBSD= /aarch64. In /usr/include/machine/param.h, PAGE_SIZE_4K is defined thusly..= .. > > #define PAGE_SHIFT_4K 12 > #define PAGE_SIZE_4K (1 << PAGE_SHIFT_4K) > > It does not appear in FreeBSD/arm64, and unfortunately its not a "0". Mig= ht be worth making it a "#ifdef/#undef/#endif", but again, above my pay gra= de in the grand scheme to make that decision. > > I did not contact the openocd team, as I'm not sure they're the best "fir= st lookers", as its easy to simply state "Don't have your platform define t= hat value on this one platform variant..." > > I did send it to the openocd port maintainer, though, since I suspect tha= ts a better place to do the thinking as to whether this is more for FreeBSD= or openocd to fix. Ah, to its the OS specific not the MCU define, in that case the OpenOCD Port would be the best place to patch it conditionally on ARM build until a better solution is found :-) As far as I remember I have created initial OpenOCD port for FreeBSD.. and created initial generic SWD transport for OpenOCD :-) I was using it a lot with UrJTAG. But the upstream did not accept my LibSWD part as dedicated standalone module also I tried to make OpenOCD design more modular and coherent, proposed switch from TCL to Python, also some guys from Amontec just copied my work with no attribution, it was a bit mess back then, so I stopped using it at all circa 2013, not sure how it looks nowadays :-) Currently I am using pyOCD that is written as Python module so you can "just use it" on any platform with Python VirtualEnv and I really like that :-) Also Chris "flit" Reed the main developer and project owner is a very nice well organized open guy to work with when some tuning and/or platform specific and/or dependencies needs to be tuned/fixed so "thing just work out of the box"^TM on FreeBSD. It supports both SWD and JTAG transport, although focused on ARM, other targets/architectures may be added as well.. I guess that would be also good candidate to develop for RISC-V :-) --=20 CeDeROM, SQ7MHZ, http://www.tomek.cedro.info From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 20:30:57 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 969CB65FCCE for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 20:30:57 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dan@langille.org) Received: from out1-smtp.messagingengine.com (out1-smtp.messagingengine.com [66.111.4.25]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvLNJ4Tnjz4jmt for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 20:30:56 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dan@langille.org) Received: from compute6.internal (compute6.nyi.internal [10.202.2.46]) by mailout.nyi.internal (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51FED5C0222 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:13:00 -0400 (EDT) Received: from mailfrontend1 ([10.202.2.162]) by compute6.internal (MEProxy); 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Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:12:55 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: dma: could not open flush file: Permission denied From: Dan Langille To: "freebsd-questions@freebsd.org" References: <6746c30a-53c7-7e84-3840-d2ff692af4a5@langille.org> Message-ID: Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:12:50 -0400 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.16; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 PostboxApp/7.0.48 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <6746c30a-53c7-7e84-3840-d2ff692af4a5@langille.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Language: en-US X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvLNJ4Tnjz4jmt X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=langille.org header.s=fm2 header.b=XJfuH7Ls; dkim=pass header.d=messagingengine.com header.s=fm3 header.b=ixsf8rqS; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=langille.org; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dan@langille.org designates 66.111.4.25 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=dan@langille.org X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-5.10 / 15.00]; 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On 4 of those 6 servers, I'm seeing this nightly: > Aug 7 03:02:15  stage-nginx01 dma[dma][79633]: could not open flush > file: Permission denied > > I can't see a difference between the hosts. But I'm sure it's > something in periodic daily. > > Thank you > > [dan@stage-nginx01:~] $ cat /etc/dma/dma.conf > SMARTHOST cliff.int.unixathome.org > SECURETRANSFER > STARTTLS > > [dan@stage-nginx01:~] $ cat /etc/mail/mailer.conf > sendmail      /usr/libexec/dma > mailq         /usr/libexec/dma > newaliases    /usr/libexec/dma > rmail         /usr/libexec/dma > > [dan@stage-nginx01:~] $ grep mail /etc/rc.conf > sendmail_enable="NO" > sendmail_submit_enable="NO" > sendmail_outbound_enable="NO" > sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO" It seems this is sufficient to stop that message: daily_queuerun_enable="NO" Thank you. -- Dan Langille dan@langille.org : https://langille.org/ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 21:21:02 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 499C166683D for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 21:21:02 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dan@langille.org) Received: from out3-smtp.messagingengine.com (out3-smtp.messagingengine.com [66.111.4.27]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvMV51pL0z3L9d for ; 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Tue, 24 Aug 2021 17:05:03 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: [matt@openssl.org: OpenSSL Security Advisory] To: The Doctor Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: Dan Langille Message-ID: Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 17:04:57 -0400 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.16; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 PostboxApp/7.0.48 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Language: en-US X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvMV51pL0z3L9d X-Spamd-Bar: ----- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=langille.org header.s=fm2 header.b=PHyvxtgw; dkim=pass header.d=messagingengine.com header.s=fm3 header.b=f54BKY4r; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=langille.org; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dan@langille.org designates 66.111.4.27 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=dan@langille.org X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-5.10 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[langille.org:s=fm2,messagingengine.com:s=fm3]; FREEFALL_USER(0.00)[dan]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:66.111.4.27]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[messagingengine.com:dkim]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[langille.org:+,messagingengine.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[langille.org,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[66.111.4.27:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:11403, ipnet:66.111.0.0/20, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[66.111.4.27:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 21:21:02 -0000 The Doctor via freebsd-questions wrote on 8/24/21 10:25 AM: > Is the kernel going to be updated? > > Also openssh updates did take place. This just in: https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-security-notifications/2021-August/000418.html > > > ----- Forwarded message from Matt Caswell ----- > > Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 14:16:11 +0000 > From: Matt Caswell > To: openssl-project@openssl.org, openssl-users@openssl.org, > openssl-announce@openssl.org > Subject: OpenSSL Security Advisory > User-Agent: Mutt/1.9.4 (2018-02-28) > > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- > Hash: SHA256 > > OpenSSL Security Advisory [24 August 2021] > ========================================== > > SM2 Decryption Buffer Overflow (CVE-2021-3711) > ============================================== > > Severity: High > > In order to decrypt SM2 encrypted data an application is expected to call the > API function EVP_PKEY_decrypt(). Typically an application will call this > function twice. The first time, on entry, the "out" parameter can be NULL and, > on exit, the "outlen" parameter is populated with the buffer size required to > hold the decrypted plaintext. The application can then allocate a sufficiently > sized buffer and call EVP_PKEY_decrypt() again, but this time passing a non-NULL > value for the "out" parameter. > > A bug in the implementation of the SM2 decryption code means that the > calculation of the buffer size required to hold the plaintext returned by the > first call to EVP_PKEY_decrypt() can be smaller than the actual size required by > the second call. This can lead to a buffer overflow when EVP_PKEY_decrypt() is > called by the application a second time with a buffer that is too small. > > A malicious attacker who is able present SM2 content for decryption to an > application could cause attacker chosen data to overflow the buffer by up to a > maximum of 62 bytes altering the contents of other data held after the > buffer, possibly changing application behaviour or causing the application to > crash. The location of the buffer is application dependent but is typically > heap allocated. > > OpenSSL versions 1.1.1k and below are affected by this issue. Users of these > versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1l. > > OpenSSL 1.0.2 is not impacted by this issue. > > OpenSSL 3.0 alpha/beta releases are also affected but this issue will be > addressed before the final release. > > This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 12th August 2021 by John Ouyang. The fix > was developed by Matt Caswell. > > Read buffer overruns processing ASN.1 strings (CVE-2021-3712) > ============================================================= > > Severity: Moderate > > ASN.1 strings are represented internally within OpenSSL as an ASN1_STRING > structure which contains a buffer holding the string data and a field holding > the buffer length. This contrasts with normal C strings which are repesented as > a buffer for the string data which is terminated with a NUL (0) byte. > > Although not a strict requirement, ASN.1 strings that are parsed using OpenSSL's > own "d2i" functions (and other similar parsing functions) as well as any string > whose value has been set with the ASN1_STRING_set() function will additionally > NUL terminate the byte array in the ASN1_STRING structure. > > However, it is possible for applications to directly construct valid ASN1_STRING > structures which do not NUL terminate the byte array by directly setting the > "data" and "length" fields in the ASN1_STRING array. This can also happen by > using the ASN1_STRING_set0() function. > > Numerous OpenSSL functions that print ASN.1 data have been found to assume that > the ASN1_STRING byte array will be NUL terminated, even though this is not > guaranteed for strings that have been directly constructed. Where an application > requests an ASN.1 structure to be printed, and where that ASN.1 structure > contains ASN1_STRINGs that have been directly constructed by the application > without NUL terminating the "data" field, then a read buffer overrun can occur. > > The same thing can also occur during name constraints processing of certificates > (for example if a certificate has been directly constructed by the application > instead of loading it via the OpenSSL parsing functions, and the certificate > contains non NUL terminated ASN1_STRING structures). It can also occur in the > X509_get1_email(), X509_REQ_get1_email() and X509_get1_ocsp() functions. > > If a malicious actor can cause an application to directly construct an > ASN1_STRING and then process it through one of the affected OpenSSL functions > then this issue could be hit. This might result in a crash (causing a Denial of > Service attack). It could also result in the disclosure of private memory > contents (such as private keys, or sensitive plaintext). > > OpenSSL versions 1.1.1k and below are affected by this issue. Users of these > versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1l. > > OpenSSL versions 1.0.2y and below are affected by this issue. However OpenSSL > 1.0.2 is out of support and no longer receiving public updates. Premium support > customers of OpenSSL 1.0.2 should upgrade to 1.0.2za. Other users should upgrade > to 1.1.1l. > > An initial instance of this issue in the X509_aux_print() function was reported > to OpenSSL on 18th July 2021 by Ingo Schwarze. The bugfix was developed by Ingo > Schwarze and first publicly released in OpenBSD-current on 10th July 2021 and > subsequently in OpenSSL on 20th July 2021 (commit d9d838ddc). Subsequent > analysis by David Benjamin on 17th August 2021 identified more instances of the > same bug. Additional analysis was performed by Matt Caswell. Fixes for the > additional instances of this issue were developed by Matt Caswell. > > Note > ==== > > OpenSSL 1.0.2 is out of support and no longer receiving public updates. Extended > support is available for premium support customers: > https://www.openssl.org/support/contracts.html > > OpenSSL 1.1.0 is out of support and no longer receiving updates of any kind. > The impact of these issues on OpenSSL 1.1.0 has not been analysed. > > Users of these versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1. > > References > ========== > > URL for this Security Advisory: > https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20210824.txt > > Note: the online version of the advisory may be updated with additional details > over time. > > For details of OpenSSL severity classifications please see: > https://www.openssl.org/policies/secpolicy.html > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- > > iQEzBAEBCAAdFiEEhlersmDwVrHlGQg52cTSbQ5gRJEFAmEk/mUACgkQ2cTSbQ5g > RJFqwgf+JbgzTg6LoHNHCIAHkCwHHq2+bZO4ziGbxNxiSv5+37x3jV2iDxdjUeK6 > IY87VG0AvjKCD5gN3eMpgOTspO9S2F5fq/q2HE0iIVc8bmR0w3TBvUtFceiBaW2X > GyEPxtvG5IG5cMT7vEguk1yq3CgKfXqCz88/gya2YvC/9E7idoyi2UQbEYx+VHRU > j5LDGPqYvqaUhWg7FfSCNZ5grdv9pl0A9Kx+HeoIYAi5LZgrcGScm7JpiU7dRa+L > 3y1597g6uHOKuGORXkvR9Q61xnNSvOqfV6KLWkMR4PU1a3+Qklpofzub0SZwUIlr > bgQ+i2Jm0IMrYHOmG8A9UDzNEqnEjA== > =8QGT > -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- > > ----- End forwarded message ----- > -- Dan Langille dan@langille.org : https://langille.org/ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 21:45:31 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D60156675E9 for ; 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Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:45:03 -0500 (CDT) (envelope-from tundra@tundraware.com) To: FreeBSD Mailing List From: Tim Daneliuk Subject: ipfw Table Organization Message-ID: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:44:57 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.11.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Greylist: Sender succeeded SMTP AUTH, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.6.4 (oceanview.tundraware.com [45.55.60.57]); Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:45:03 -0500 (CDT) X-TundraWare-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-TundraWare-MailScanner-ID: 17OLj2VQ077954 X-TundraWare-MailScanner: Found to be clean X-TundraWare-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam (whitelisted), SpamAssassin (not cached, score=-2.823, required 6, autolearn=not spam, ALL_TRUSTED -1.00, BAYES_00 -1.90, TW_PF 0.08) X-TundraWare-MailScanner-From: tundra@tundraware.com X-Spam-Status: No X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvN2L2z9kz3RHc X-Spamd-Bar: --- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.70 / 15.00]; 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DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[email-od.com:dkim] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 21:45:31 -0000 Is there any particular advantage - performance or otherwise - to breaking up a large ipfw table into smaller tables? We have a few firewalls approaching 100,000 rules for blocking addresses and CIDR blocks. The IPS are read from separate text files in a loop in the firewall init code, but are all written to a single table. This is easy to maintain, but the concern is that we may be clobbering runtime performance. Thanks... From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 22:25:37 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0445B667F2D for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:25:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from doctor@doctor.nl2k.ab.ca) Received: from doctor.nl2k.ab.ca (doctor.nl2k.ab.ca [204.209.81.1]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvNwc1Psyz3sbN for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:25:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from doctor@doctor.nl2k.ab.ca) Received: from doctor by doctor.nl2k.ab.ca with local (Exim 4.94.2 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1mIeqD-000DDe-Hl; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:24:21 -0600 Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:24:21 -0600 From: The Doctor To: Dan Langille Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: [matt@openssl.org: OpenSSL Security Advisory] Message-ID: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvNwc1Psyz3sbN X-Spamd-Bar: +++++ X-Spamd-Result: default: False [5.21 / 15.00]; INTRODUCTION(2.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(0.00)[+a]; GREYLIST(0.00)[pass,meta]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; BAD_REP_POLICIES(0.10)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RBL_VIRUSFREE_BOTNET(2.00)[204.209.81.1:from]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.79)[-0.786]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(0.00)[nl2k.ab.ca,quarantine]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6171, ipnet:204.209.81.0/24, country:CA]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:25:37 -0000 On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 05:04:57PM -0400, Dan Langille wrote: > > The Doctor via freebsd-questions wrote on 8/24/21 10:25 AM: > > Is the kernel going to be updated? > > > > Also openssh updates did take place. > > This just in: > > https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-security-notifications/2021-August/000418.html > I am on that list. > > > > > > ----- Forwarded message from Matt Caswell ----- > > > > Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 14:16:11 +0000 > > From: Matt Caswell > > To: openssl-project@openssl.org, openssl-users@openssl.org, > > openssl-announce@openssl.org > > Subject: OpenSSL Security Advisory > > User-Agent: Mutt/1.9.4 (2018-02-28) > > > > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- > > Hash: SHA256 > > > > OpenSSL Security Advisory [24 August 2021] > > ========================================== > > > > SM2 Decryption Buffer Overflow (CVE-2021-3711) > > ============================================== > > > > Severity: High > > > > In order to decrypt SM2 encrypted data an application is expected to call the > > API function EVP_PKEY_decrypt(). Typically an application will call this > > function twice. The first time, on entry, the "out" parameter can be NULL and, > > on exit, the "outlen" parameter is populated with the buffer size required to > > hold the decrypted plaintext. The application can then allocate a sufficiently > > sized buffer and call EVP_PKEY_decrypt() again, but this time passing a non-NULL > > value for the "out" parameter. > > > > A bug in the implementation of the SM2 decryption code means that the > > calculation of the buffer size required to hold the plaintext returned by the > > first call to EVP_PKEY_decrypt() can be smaller than the actual size required by > > the second call. This can lead to a buffer overflow when EVP_PKEY_decrypt() is > > called by the application a second time with a buffer that is too small. > > > > A malicious attacker who is able present SM2 content for decryption to an > > application could cause attacker chosen data to overflow the buffer by up to a > > maximum of 62 bytes altering the contents of other data held after the > > buffer, possibly changing application behaviour or causing the application to > > crash. The location of the buffer is application dependent but is typically > > heap allocated. > > > > OpenSSL versions 1.1.1k and below are affected by this issue. Users of these > > versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1l. > > > > OpenSSL 1.0.2 is not impacted by this issue. > > > > OpenSSL 3.0 alpha/beta releases are also affected but this issue will be > > addressed before the final release. > > > > This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 12th August 2021 by John Ouyang. The fix > > was developed by Matt Caswell. > > > > Read buffer overruns processing ASN.1 strings (CVE-2021-3712) > > ============================================================= > > > > Severity: Moderate > > > > ASN.1 strings are represented internally within OpenSSL as an ASN1_STRING > > structure which contains a buffer holding the string data and a field holding > > the buffer length. This contrasts with normal C strings which are repesented as > > a buffer for the string data which is terminated with a NUL (0) byte. > > > > Although not a strict requirement, ASN.1 strings that are parsed using OpenSSL's > > own "d2i" functions (and other similar parsing functions) as well as any string > > whose value has been set with the ASN1_STRING_set() function will additionally > > NUL terminate the byte array in the ASN1_STRING structure. > > > > However, it is possible for applications to directly construct valid ASN1_STRING > > structures which do not NUL terminate the byte array by directly setting the > > "data" and "length" fields in the ASN1_STRING array. This can also happen by > > using the ASN1_STRING_set0() function. > > > > Numerous OpenSSL functions that print ASN.1 data have been found to assume that > > the ASN1_STRING byte array will be NUL terminated, even though this is not > > guaranteed for strings that have been directly constructed. Where an application > > requests an ASN.1 structure to be printed, and where that ASN.1 structure > > contains ASN1_STRINGs that have been directly constructed by the application > > without NUL terminating the "data" field, then a read buffer overrun can occur. > > > > The same thing can also occur during name constraints processing of certificates > > (for example if a certificate has been directly constructed by the application > > instead of loading it via the OpenSSL parsing functions, and the certificate > > contains non NUL terminated ASN1_STRING structures). It can also occur in the > > X509_get1_email(), X509_REQ_get1_email() and X509_get1_ocsp() functions. > > > > If a malicious actor can cause an application to directly construct an > > ASN1_STRING and then process it through one of the affected OpenSSL functions > > then this issue could be hit. This might result in a crash (causing a Denial of > > Service attack). It could also result in the disclosure of private memory > > contents (such as private keys, or sensitive plaintext). > > > > OpenSSL versions 1.1.1k and below are affected by this issue. Users of these > > versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1l. > > > > OpenSSL versions 1.0.2y and below are affected by this issue. However OpenSSL > > 1.0.2 is out of support and no longer receiving public updates. Premium support > > customers of OpenSSL 1.0.2 should upgrade to 1.0.2za. Other users should upgrade > > to 1.1.1l. > > > > An initial instance of this issue in the X509_aux_print() function was reported > > to OpenSSL on 18th July 2021 by Ingo Schwarze. The bugfix was developed by Ingo > > Schwarze and first publicly released in OpenBSD-current on 10th July 2021 and > > subsequently in OpenSSL on 20th July 2021 (commit d9d838ddc). Subsequent > > analysis by David Benjamin on 17th August 2021 identified more instances of the > > same bug. Additional analysis was performed by Matt Caswell. Fixes for the > > additional instances of this issue were developed by Matt Caswell. > > > > Note > > ==== > > > > OpenSSL 1.0.2 is out of support and no longer receiving public updates. Extended > > support is available for premium support customers: > > https://www.openssl.org/support/contracts.html > > > > OpenSSL 1.1.0 is out of support and no longer receiving updates of any kind. > > The impact of these issues on OpenSSL 1.1.0 has not been analysed. > > > > Users of these versions should upgrade to OpenSSL 1.1.1. > > > > References > > ========== > > > > URL for this Security Advisory: > > https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20210824.txt > > > > Note: the online version of the advisory may be updated with additional details > > over time. > > > > For details of OpenSSL severity classifications please see: > > https://www.openssl.org/policies/secpolicy.html > > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- > > > > iQEzBAEBCAAdFiEEhlersmDwVrHlGQg52cTSbQ5gRJEFAmEk/mUACgkQ2cTSbQ5g > > RJFqwgf+JbgzTg6LoHNHCIAHkCwHHq2+bZO4ziGbxNxiSv5+37x3jV2iDxdjUeK6 > > IY87VG0AvjKCD5gN3eMpgOTspO9S2F5fq/q2HE0iIVc8bmR0w3TBvUtFceiBaW2X > > GyEPxtvG5IG5cMT7vEguk1yq3CgKfXqCz88/gya2YvC/9E7idoyi2UQbEYx+VHRU > > j5LDGPqYvqaUhWg7FfSCNZ5grdv9pl0A9Kx+HeoIYAi5LZgrcGScm7JpiU7dRa+L > > 3y1597g6uHOKuGORXkvR9Q61xnNSvOqfV6KLWkMR4PU1a3+Qklpofzub0SZwUIlr > > bgQ+i2Jm0IMrYHOmG8A9UDzNEqnEjA== > > =8QGT > > -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- > > > > ----- End forwarded message ----- > > > > -- > Dan Langille > dan@langille.org : https://langille.org/ > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" -- Member - Liberal International This is doctor@@nl2k.ab.ca Ici doctor@@nl2k.ab.ca Yahweh, Queen & country!Never Satan President Republic!Beware AntiChrist rising! Look at Psalms 14 and 53 on Atheism https://www.empire.kred/ROOTNK?t=94a1f39b Canada on 20 Sept 2021 vote ! Beware https://mindspring.com From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 22:31:16 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 94FE86681E8 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:31:16 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: from mail-lf1-x12b.google.com (mail-lf1-x12b.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::12b]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvP374CmQz3vJ1 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:31:15 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: by mail-lf1-x12b.google.com with SMTP id k5so48697404lfu.4 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:31:15 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=aLeG1Xh4G48OothaUE3ILMFHDi66Gsm+3/Y+OyG6xMs=; b=A1bhWSgKj9Pzk7wGktjgPj+yuagEq/Q+II9TD87fhEIi9EJ6ht91xq7fO1zi/tGDJn MYr0IjwsWUWoLcuMW6FrZXjhbMdSxw9Jy2gC33Q86w5IcNCEXWDB96YTedY3L6EHkSIq glK3QdJMO8IICZc6mtubJuW/vGhZPg8/ooZbGwAIxCgKxUMqCzDKrSNSfwzzxkjSWHfK uo0reOq79nf7NPYqe2mWJK3O2nEvIw/i0g8DoOF48po2bNHEdRnJEPM6pUPa0aZmCUDt uj37blMF/Sl9CP2hcf/8VGvFWgRqpjU+gKcjbuRzlvwVaY/zCQGovKm1hj2k2vu07rid Spvw== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to; bh=aLeG1Xh4G48OothaUE3ILMFHDi66Gsm+3/Y+OyG6xMs=; b=NPgzaZrzNn8UJPrIsd2WDvOHUJvLUGu/tqZJTslE0NWJAvVeQSx6sbDZLcYiYFlm9U A2hI9a09iWsXp4mlFyKvgTWFdcb/aEFJEYrnnnbMih5otcMEV7uNgaduDmh3lWqjifxo 7DbR+ZsMuGX7GlZHJ1/ix2OYeBJmeOyr6Wfo8sPYtLqsWG+0GYDzi0ZPHUwfDGpRxKE+ tjsbIEveIGPSXv6FfHDXlCUsLcbo5QPKJSJw9uEToh4Oa8zihZb2V/SRPD5SfRBHCBlO yiXdf+9NyBJQ6sj23fhajLdIlSGgkIpFlMPR2A9AYHXtpYasFCfH7W06hbEKei0WgRZP /U8A== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM533NWmoiJ6L48MnT63LzkFJEMESgLvmy0z0+OewKDRJedKx7d+ZC FFI1L12dWMXhG9nVvystCrg+SFuxf6l4rZ9v1QCVLFcJMYc8oyam X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJwbI7I/NBMd38Zx5vUEmDSQ3QEoYlXgfltewYq1qbtbiIvYomymYnl0HrqJTZTTq8fP4MC+81UQyBNyVFrlHyM= X-Received: by 2002:a05:6512:21cf:: with SMTP id d15mr30467659lft.548.1629844273951; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:31:13 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> In-Reply-To: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> From: Michael Sierchio Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:30:38 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvP374CmQz3vJ1 X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=A1bhWSgK; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kudzu@tenebras.com has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::12b) smtp.mailfrom=kudzu@tenebras.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [0.04 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.96)[-0.960]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[tenebras.com]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.98)[0.978]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::12b:from]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.33)[0.326]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:31:16 -0000 On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 2:47 PM Tim Daneliuk via freebsd-questions < freebsd-questions@freebsd.org> wrote: > Is there any particular advantage - performance or otherwise - to breakin= g > up > a large ipfw table into smaller tables? > > We have a few firewalls approaching 100,000 rules for blocking addresses > and CIDR blocks. Do you really mean 100,000 firewall rules? 100,000 CIDR blocks is not a problem. You should probably consolidate CIDR blocks before adding them to a table, because it's a longest-prefix-match. > The IPS are read from separate text files in a loop > in the firewall init code, but are all written to a single table. I have a framework that collects IPs and CIDR blocks from various sources (for blocking). Two tables are used for this =E2=80=93 so I can atomically replace the tabl= e contents via table swap. None of this is done in the firewall init code, it's all done via a cronjob. I use the table arg to store an integer that says what the source was. The firewall init script only gets invoked at startup, or when rules change. This > is easy to maintain, but the concern is that we may be clobbering runtime > performance. > Did you know you can add an entire file to a table, if the lines consist of ? Empirically, this works for up to 8192 entries, so I split the file into files of that size, add them, then delete the splits. My pcengines box has CPU: AMD GX-412TC SOC (998.15-MHz K8-class CPU) *root@hearst:/usr/src 210#* ipfw table reject list | wc -l 99787 Something with decent power could easily filter 250,000 CIDR blocks. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 22:41:06 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 50D08668544 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:41:06 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 93ab.82.c3790001c0a009.a7149d89435098da7232c6934b54b1cc@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b515.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b515.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.181.21]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvPGT1fvbz4RS4 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:41:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 93ab.82.c3790001c0a009.a7149d89435098da7232c6934b54b1cc@email-od.com) X-Thread-Info: OTNhYi4xMi5jMzc5MDAwMWMwYTAwOS5mcmVlYnNkLXF1ZXN0aW9ucz1mcmVlYnNkLm9yZw== Received: from r2.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com (r2.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com [142.0.189.2]) by mxh4.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Tue, 24 Aug 2021 18:40:55 -0400 Received: from oceanview.tundraware.com (oceanview.tundraware.com [45.55.60.57]) by r2.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Tue, 24 Aug 2021 18:40:54 -0400 Received: from [192.168.0.2] (ozzie.tundraware.com [75.145.138.73]) (authenticated bits=0) by oceanview.tundraware.com (8.16.1/8.16.1) with ESMTPSA id 17OMegI9078842 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128 verify=NO); Tue, 24 Aug 2021 17:40:42 -0500 (CDT) (envelope-from tundra@tundraware.com) Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: Michael Sierchio , FreeBSD Mailing List References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> From: Tim Daneliuk Message-ID: <7b9a7c6a-fc0e-a605-6938-8b89c09e0336@tundraware.com> Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 17:40:37 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.11.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Greylist: Sender succeeded SMTP AUTH, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.6.4 (oceanview.tundraware.com [45.55.60.57]); Tue, 24 Aug 2021 17:40:42 -0500 (CDT) X-TundraWare-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-TundraWare-MailScanner-ID: 17OMegI9078842 X-TundraWare-MailScanner: Found to be clean X-TundraWare-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam (whitelisted), SpamAssassin (not cached, score=-4.128, required 6, autolearn=not spam, ALL_TRUSTED -1.00, BAYES_00 -1.90, NICE_REPLY_A -1.30, TW_PF 0.08) X-TundraWare-MailScanner-From: tundra@tundraware.com X-Spam-Status: No X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvPGT1fvbz4RS4 X-Spamd-Bar: --- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.70 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tundraware.com:s=slkey,email-od.com:s=dkim]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tundraware.com:+,email-od.com:+]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[142.0.181.21:from,142.0.189.2:received]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[tundraware.com,reject]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[tundra@tundraware.com,93ab.82.c3790001c0a009.a7149d89435098da7232c6934b54b1cc@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:53658, ipnet:142.0.180.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[tundra@tundraware.com,93ab.82.c3790001c0a009.a7149d89435098da7232c6934b54b1cc@email-od.com]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[email-od.com:dkim] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:41:06 -0000 On 8/24/21 5:30 PM, Michael Sierchio wrote: > Do you really mean 100,000 firewall rules? 100,000 CIDR blocks is not > a problem. You should probably consolidate CIDR blocks before adding them > to a > table, because it's a longest-prefix-match. Most of the 100,000 are CIDR blocks but there are probably on the order of 5000-ish IPs -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tim Daneliuk tundra@tundraware.com PGP Key: http://www.tundraware.com/PGP/ From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 22:59:59 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 733E86689E5 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:59:59 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: from mail-lj1-x232.google.com (mail-lj1-x232.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::232]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvPhG5PhXz4Y0q for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:59:58 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: by mail-lj1-x232.google.com with SMTP id q21so40264534ljj.6 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:59:58 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=YtGWGn7HWw4VeRb6svRilSmbcg5I1mnOQB/RuADCnjo=; b=FBZ6pZL9t3Tg8oo48qGR86O49VF6Yc2AoBwX9ibITt6WFjHVSdeENkm/lCcy+5mgYV FmGjYoE71C5Y45B28crLlDyGDcpZXfHcmyzA0fzGQEBcPlmFxKdsAdnTlPiVjiFNJKDr dpH0hTUsmXnw9IHy3EPMRsnEVDzPCMfVjl2mpR83g2EVnhcSszWlx4haCeLq8q28Gy8d Ge3RYMYqUc3wGybhn3ugJ1y6vUnX7ZMXE9RHZlL4zXSNSsxeOH/RTXPXzsuWWoR2dr/p zrwylT3YUxN+0mBThuKnEfiRMGjAxLsllMpiPE/ZZcLl98cLDuWOFbahXKntETNkZfOm UpZA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to; bh=YtGWGn7HWw4VeRb6svRilSmbcg5I1mnOQB/RuADCnjo=; b=rhKwIKdfQxATbifdl7Nb8GSf+rn/7qwIiT1lUztvVMN+Sx+FqZ7tIlKnkylDW1aR0P LYx/3ene0hpoqe0l/UYtsBCwP71onLf8VTpkE5n9H5CPKzQR7WoW+tWfs2fxE3XaEu+b zU80H2nHFFIIvBrqDSTKA9v7PF4vZ0FBE5tD1qnkt2eOor/wFXGJv+efXCeyXhvo3yE9 q9WauXjmpP1byM4dInEv6kZfyN9Dnma50e99BaoOlGYLakUAW0JJlmGfr7T8GQDqTb28 TrvFiqZdC5TNm8f745o3ZuhvUCYoFME9pWVLxovz4Y5KYInbVr1qKfroW2WQa0K4H8r4 9EOg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM532AUxkEzfWx+NiPGdS68SJl3ejdIYfXu7uwjSmJYj1+4lxW0MyF 9CoSfHIyY3/19hy/aCBhGBZSvXEoPUPI1y/1Ivxe2J85yKlbzg== X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJy5784CX1Rzz83dvHciw3FKxJVql+weNd9+ZioXdRmYn0Zb98DDEh6NXn41pcRIVwcP5J9rmOC0Z59PVjrqAXE= X-Received: by 2002:a2e:9c16:: with SMTP id s22mr33617507lji.255.1629845997003; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:59:57 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> <7b9a7c6a-fc0e-a605-6938-8b89c09e0336@tundraware.com> In-Reply-To: <7b9a7c6a-fc0e-a605-6938-8b89c09e0336@tundraware.com> From: Michael Sierchio Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:59:21 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvPhG5PhXz4Y0q X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=FBZ6pZL9; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kudzu@tenebras.com has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::232) smtp.mailfrom=kudzu@tenebras.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.29 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.995]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[tenebras.com]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-0.999]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::232:from]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 22:59:59 -0000 On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 3:41 PM Tim Daneliuk wrote: > On 8/24/21 5:30 PM, Michael Sierchio wrote: > > Do you really mean 100,000 firewall rules? 100,000 CIDR blocks is not > > a problem. You should probably consolidate CIDR blocks before adding > them > > to a > > table, because it's a longest-prefix-match. > > > Most of the 100,000 are CIDR blocks but there are probably on the order > of 5000-ish IPs > An IPv4 address is a CIDR block with a netmask of /32 ;-) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 23:02:55 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A8FB4669047 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 23:02:55 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: from mail-lf1-x12e.google.com (mail-lf1-x12e.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::12e]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvPlf5YNjz4ZZl for ; 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Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:02:52 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> <7b9a7c6a-fc0e-a605-6938-8b89c09e0336@tundraware.com> In-Reply-To: From: Michael Sierchio Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 16:02:17 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvPlf5YNjz4ZZl X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=G4D82+N3; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kudzu@tenebras.com has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::12e) smtp.mailfrom=kudzu@tenebras.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [0.70 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[tenebras.com]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[0.999]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::12e:from]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 23:02:55 -0000 Here's the histogram of my reject table by netmask len. 1 3 2 27 2 29 3 28 3 8 8 30 9 25 15 10 38 11 48 31 94 12 153 13 264 14 349 15 559 17 653 16 888 18 1434 32 1816 19 2453 20 2929 23 3856 24 4443 21 9767 22 > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Aug 25 00:22:02 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 859CE66A360 for ; 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dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=ECEbFZ1I; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of parv0zero9@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::32c as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=parv0zero9@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.12 / 15.00]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[freebsd]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.88)[0.879]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::32c:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 00:22:02 -0000 On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 8:05 PM parv/freebsd wrote: (I have rearranged my quoted email) [CentOS 8 NFS v3 client sometimes prints ...] > Aug 21 08:31:04 [CLIENT] kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck > for 22s! [kworker/u24:0:672075] > > Aug 21 08:31:04 [CLIENT] kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#1 stuck for 22s! [kworker/u24:10:672632] > > ... > On the [FreeBSD 12.2] server, there is not much CPU load; drive activity > does not match the > connection being timed. On [CentOS 8] client, CPU getting stuck messages > are being printed > to everyone when trying to write to the NFS server > ... > On the server side, I had not seen any output -- from smartctl or nfsd -- > which > could indicate such a problem. > ... > On the server, I have set "vfs.nfsd.debuglevel=2" to see if there would be > any > output when the client would complain after connection getting timed out. > > How do I go about investigating or solve this? > ... I have collected tcpdump output on both server & client ... https://github.com/parv/centos8-nfs3-issue/ ... but am unable to differentiate between error and normal operation in the output, unlike of strace. :-( When I ran rsync, CentOS sent the message "CPU stuck" around 21:20, so links around to that time ... client output (215 KB), https://github.com/parv/centos8-nfs3-issue/blob/main/centos8-client.tcpdump.2118-2120#L1623 server output (414 KB), https://github.com/parv/centos8-nfs3-issue/blob/main/freebsd12-server.tcpdump.2118-2120#L2621 - parv From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Aug 25 13:54:36 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81D1B674FC0 for ; Wed, 25 Aug 2021 13:54:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from parv.0zero9@gmail.com) Received: from mail-wr1-x436.google.com (mail-wr1-x436.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::436]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvnXW4RrCz4nsN for ; 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Wed, 25 Aug 2021 06:54:28 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: In-Reply-To: From: "parv/freebsd" Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 03:52:46 -1000 Message-ID: Subject: Re: NFS v3 - FreeBSD 12 server connection getting timed out on CentOS 8 client To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GvnXW4RrCz4nsN X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=mQQ9zAvO; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of parv0zero9@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::436 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=parv0zero9@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.07 / 15.00]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; TAGGED_FROM(0.00)[freebsd]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.93)[0.932]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::436:from]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 13:54:36 -0000 On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 2:20 PM parv/freebsd wrote: Hi me, On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 8:05 PM parv/freebsd wrote: > > (I have rearranged my quoted email) > > [CentOS 8 NFS v3 client sometimes prints ...] > >> Aug 21 08:31:04 [CLIENT] kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck >> for 22s! [kworker/u24:0:672075] >> >> Aug 21 08:31:04 [CLIENT] kernel: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#1 stuck for 22s! [kworker/u24:10:672632] >> >> ... > How do I go about investigating or solve this? > > ... > I have collected tcpdump output on both server & client ... > > https://github.com/parv/centos8-nfs3-issue/ > ... While trying to find if there is an update for CentOS 8 "nfs-utils" package, I came upon the thread on "linux-nfs" mailing list ... CPU lockup in or near new filecache code, 201912, https://marc.info/?l=linux-nfs&m=157599524312895&w=2 ; a patch, 201912, https://marc.info/?l=linux-nfs&m=157609449120027&w=2 ; more to come, 202001 https://marc.info/?l=linux-nfs&m=157807452103938&w=2 ? Now the question is will the fix be available on CentOS 8 anytime soon, as above thread was concerned with, AIUI, kernel 5.5 (CentOS 8 kernel is hovering around 4.18)? 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Thu, 26 Aug 2021 13:36:19 +0000 Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:36:12 +0200 From: Javier To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.4.3 (GTK+ 2.10.14; i686-pc-mingw32) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-TMN: [RfP3JtYPP201kPfgfWY/SC2OjoUHAc0e] X-ClientProxiedBy: MR1P264CA0126.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:501:50::29) To MW4PR01MB6401.prod.exchangelabs.com (2603:10b6:303:67::11) X-Microsoft-Original-Message-ID: <20210826153612.215d19d581af535ff51ce6e7@outlook.es> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-Exchange-MessageSentRepresentingType: 1 Received: from localhost (62.57.107.98) by MR1P264CA0126.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:501:50::29) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_0, cipher=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA) id 15.20.4457.20 via Frontend Transport; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 13:36:17 +0000 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: 737ffb81-fe39-4490-f318-08d968967c13 X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: MW4PR01MB6386: X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0; 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 40.92.43.64 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.97 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.99)[-0.990]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[40.92.43.64:from]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.99)[-0.990]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; BAD_REP_POLICIES(0.10)[]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; RBL_VIRUSFREE_BOTNET(2.00)[40.92.43.64:from]; R_SPF_ALLOW(0.00)[+ip4:40.92.0.0/15]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.99)[-0.993]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(0.00)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[40.92.43.64:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:40.80.0.0/12, country:US]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; ARC_ALLOW(0.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 13:36:28 -0000 Hi, ok, finally, I'm going to dare to ask this (literally, after weeks, no hurry). I felt somehow dumb asking it as it looks quite obvious, but not asking it is a stone in my path before start fiddling with FreeBSD. (please, use monospace font where/if needed to view this mail correctly) I would like to know what is correct as the HandBook mainly talks about GPT today and I think it doesn't cover what I'm in doubt of, or I don't understand as is. Also have some disk basics in one section and others in another, doesn't help, when you haven't installed=20 and you haven reached that section yet. Let me ask in schematic way :) (Questions in the middle) Note: my original idea was to post this on the forum but formatting capabilities... didn't help. Anyway..., sorry the verbosity. I guess we all agree (terminology correctness aside) with the following two examples: -------------- 1) DOS|GNU/Linux MBR +---Primary/Extended* 1 +---Primary/Extended* 2 +---Primary/Extended* 3 +---Primary/Extended* 4 (if Extended) +---Logic 1 +---Logic 2 +---. +---. +---. +---Logic nth -------------- 2) DOS|GNU/Linux + FreeBSD MBR +---Primary/Extended* 1 +---Primary/Extended* 2 +---Primary/Extended* 3 =A6 (if Extended) =A6 +---Logic 1 =A6 +---Logic 2 =A6 +---. =A6 +---. =A6 +---. =A6 +---Logic nth +---FreeBSD 4 (Slice) +---Partition 1 +---Partition 2 +---Partition 3 +---. +---. +---Partition (h/eight/8?) ****** Being the FreeBSD slice on any position of the 4 MBR possible options. Just placed 4th for simplicity in the scheme -------------- Ok, now the third example, where I mixed cases, so some questions in one. Can a whole FreeBSD installation (mountpoints) be spread along multiple slices? Can I have more than h/eight/8 partitions when using more than one slice? If no, why this small limit? Can mountpoints be outside of slices? Specially or specifically, /boot. Can it be on a FAT/32 or ext/2/3/4 file system outside the slices? I understand any other should be inside the FreeBSD slices only. And when I say slices, I don't mean only on one disk, but several too. Might be a dumb question, but better ask to be sure. What is correct and what isn't. -------------- 3) DOS|GNU/Linux + FreeBSD (hypothetical case) MBR +---Primary/Extended* 1 /Boot +---FreeBSD 2 (Slice) =A6 +---Partition 1 /etc =A6 +---Partition 2 /home =A6 +---Partition 3 =A6 +---. =A6 +---. =A6 +---Partition (h/eight/8?) +---Primary/Extended* 3 =A6 (*if Extended and only one) =A6 +---Logic 1 =A6 +---Logic 2 =A6 +---. =A6 +---. =A6 +---. =A6 +---Logic nth +---FreeBSD 4 (Slice) +---Partition 1 / +---Partition 2 +---Partition 3 +---. +---. +---Partition (h/eight/8?) /swap -------------- Despite I ask for MBR scheme, that is my BIOS/Disk system, I guess answers should be applicable to GPT, more or less, with its differences. Thanks, in advance, if I don't reply back, for your answers. Regards. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 15:06:53 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86AD866B900 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:06:53 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) Received: from holgerdanske.com (holgerdanske.com [184.105.128.27]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (P-256) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "holgerdanske.com", Issuer "holgerdanske.com" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwR5S0ZR4z3JJm for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:06:52 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=holgerdanske.com; s=nov-20210719-112354; t=1629990400; bh=JyKrNjC1/u+k/PDQuhPG9PtmaWrzjRglMfbQGqxzgyI=; h=Received:Subject:To:References:From:Message-ID:Date:User-Agent: MIME-Version:In-Reply-To:Content-Type:Content-Language: Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=YZgXadT7bwBDmfcuHNkjkUGr+D5DTOldIz2ybbeWjBS2wWUMZ4sL8ckio3BrjUz9b C//fWdLIa0uVHaKRQdodIohIxwecWV+DCwWxQ+1bsCYzMNR82OJE9j8ZYRMpM9ji7i NJzK4LzB3KvJit6rHnRA2sNptkC/Nz+rPn18+1y23bCuZ8RizYZuJA+7RmjYJ/DrFl Vj7/O91uEIr94g9ivgLnM4tWUJgcSrhbYiPfEV6smqygbSnakwUyAoqsfuFKGG7N6u BYxEnU7DKQ25NAY2mh0I8ogNDeRiTN8kUy4EAFRc/WSfW+dybDlyYe6BL+8Kg4iq6M vGIX+YxhpT8odlQxL6RGv9DVE6epz5CPt5xKtdgjs6lmFcxx2aKCC71J9b/9adWtgz SvCY8q3rIiJeyrP4/F87qzvey3ac/skcWEH+XC7miInwRVSkRtrkwhbUHN7el4Njup rTOePP3xs6z43nneo8eiJwxq8H130gatuzGW6ZM8myg9X91qXBYcXET7pKOixsGqkA Im/oF5lfB3lyOFYas/X3gqIB89W8jFt2Z6gwBwVdzc7XEdlSfgYOxdzHuBEPWG9/3l 5XypHVocpqVsdIs0YXloLxHzFl/qIvS2vbBq78+7yP2bh7ndrSsslBwDow1RiZYVRN ZxpJ7Iu/uQjXmBTGfPeGtaYg= Received: from 99.100.19.101 (99-100-19-101.lightspeed.frokca.sbcglobal.net [99.100.19.101]) by holgerdanske.com with ESMTPSA (TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLSv1.3:Kx=any:Au=any:Enc=AESGCM(128):Mac=AEAD) (SMTP-AUTH username dpchrist@holgerdanske.com, mechanism PLAIN) for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 08:06:40 -0700 Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: David Christensen Message-ID: Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 08:06:40 -0700 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.12.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwR5S0ZR4z3JJm X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=holgerdanske.com header.s=nov-20210719-112354 header.b=YZgXadT7; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=holgerdanske.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dpchrist@holgerdanske.com designates 184.105.128.27 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=dpchrist@holgerdanske.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[holgerdanske.com:s=nov-20210719-112354]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[holgerdanske.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[holgerdanske.com,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-0.999]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6939, ipnet:184.104.0.0/15, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:06:53 -0000 On 8/26/21 6:36 AM, Javier wrote: > Hi, Hello. :-) There are as many strategies for partitioning as there are system administrators. I have a SOHO network with three entry-level servers running FreeBSD and a mix of macOS, iOS, Windows, and Linux clients. My approach: 1. Motherboard firmware set to BIOS mode. 2. Small, fast, blank device (e.g. SSD) connected to first motherboard SATA port, so that FreeBSD sees it as device 'ada'. (The FreeBSD installer will use all available space, so I used "16 GB" SSD's until I hacked the FreeBSD installer shell script per my desired partition sizes.) 3. FreeBSD installer on USB flash drive. Here are my partitioning notes from when I set up a server with FreeBSD-12.1-RELEASE-amd64: Partitioning Auto (ZFS) Pool Type/Disks stripe: 1 disk ada0 INTEL SSDSC2CW060A3 Pool Name f1_zroot Force 4K Sectors YES Encrypt Disks YES Partition Scheme MBR (BIOS) Swap Size 2g Mirror Swap YES Encrypt Swap YES >>> Install Proceed with installation David From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 18:47:49 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51DE866EB48 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 18:47:49 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nixlist@outlook.es) Received: from NAM11-BN8-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-bn8nam11olkn20830.outbound.protection.outlook.com [IPv6:2a01:111:f400:7eae::830]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "mail.protection.outlook.com", Issuer "DigiCert Cloud Services CA-1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwX0N2wNXz3R4F for ; 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 2a01:111:f400:7eae::830 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a01:111:f400::/48]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a01:111:f400:7eae::830:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:2a01:111:f000::/36, country:US]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; ARC_ALLOW(-1.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 18:47:49 -0000 Hi, thanks for your answer with your experiences :) Despite that you are true here: > There are as many strategies for partitioning as there are system > administrators. I'm more interested in the *allowed* options, as the way FreeBSD does things breaks *my* traditional MBR disk disposal and/or understanding of space usage on a MBR partitioned disk, where I have 1-3 primary part..., sorry, slices ;), and loads (and when I mean loads, I mean a few) of logical in an extended slice. And, so, I want to be sure what is allowed given the questions I made. If I'm correct in my assumption with the 3rd case shown, or totally wrong. Then, I could get a broader idea of what to do when I decide to install on a physical disk (first I'll try on VM, and before waste the time in a VM, better ask). Hacking the intaller is way, waaaaay beyond my knowledge to do things and without understanding the basics, worse. I could do all automatic, but I'm those that prefer to do manually knowing what I'm doing. Or at least, what is happening in the background. I think, somehow, this could be better explained at the beginning of the installation in the HandBook. Regards. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 18:53:34 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6FDF366F29E for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 18:53:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from chris@groessler.org) Received: from vigilia.groessler.org (vigilia.groessler.org [79.143.177.135]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA512 client-signature RSA-PSS (1024 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "vigilia.groessler.org", Issuer "vigilia.groessler.org" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwX711qhGz3hTf for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 18:53:33 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from chris@groessler.org) Received: from [10.23.1.23] (gaga.groessler.org [212.168.189.235]) by vigilia.groessler.org (8.16.0.45/8.14.6) with ESMTPS id 17QIrPKx047484 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=AEAD-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:53:25 +0200 (CEST) Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: Christian Groessler Message-ID: <8ab9716c-fdc3-ad09-1883-8210b37ef520@groessler.org> Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:53:25 +0200 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwX711qhGz3hTf X-Spamd-Bar: + Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of chris@groessler.org has no SPF policy when checking 79.143.177.135) smtp.mailfrom=chris@groessler.org X-Spamd-Result: default: False [1.52 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; FREEFALL_USER(0.00)[chris]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[1.000]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[groessler.org]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(0.62)[0.622]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:51167, ipnet:79.143.176.0/23, country:DE]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 18:53:34 -0000 On 8/26/21 8:32 PM, Javier wrote: > 1-3 primary part..., sorry, slices ;), and loads (and when I mean > loads, I mean a few) of logical in an extended slice. "loads"? If I remember correctly, an extended partition can also only hold 4 partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an extended partition which can hold 4 partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an extended partition... etc But I don't know if that is supported by current OSes. regards, chris From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 19:39:41 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F04FA66FB57 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 19:39:41 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.82.1d4d40001bc2a67.521bb8545b7a151bccb0e9f440b7488c@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.176.198]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwY8D43S5z3vHT for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 19:39:40 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.82.1d4d40001bc2a67.521bb8545b7a151bccb0e9f440b7488c@email-od.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=email-od.com;i=@email-od.com;s=dkim; 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Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:39:21 +0100 Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:39:21 +0100 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-Id: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: References: X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.1) X-Clacks-Overhead: "GNU Terry Pratchett" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwY8D43S5z3vHT X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=email-od.com header.s=dkim header.b=ZcUSCENX; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 4250.82.1d4d40001bc2a67.521bb8545b7a151bccb0e9f440b7488c@email-od.com designates 142.0.176.198 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=4250.82.1d4d40001bc2a67.521bb8545b7a151bccb0e9f440b7488c@email-od.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.70 / 15.00]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[email-od.com:s=dkim]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[sohara.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[email-od.com:+]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[steve@sohara.org,4250.82.1d4d40001bc2a67.521bb8545b7a151bccb0e9f440b7488c@email-od.com]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[142.0.176.198:from]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.82.1d4d40001bc2a67.521bb8545b7a151bccb0e9f440b7488c@email-od.com]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[email-od.com:dkim] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 19:39:42 -0000 On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:36:12 +0200 Javier wrote: > Let me ask in schematic way :) (Questions in the middle) > > Note: my original idea was to post this on the forum but formatting > capabilities... didn't help. > > Anyway..., sorry the verbosity. > > I guess we all agree (terminology correctness aside) with the > following two examples: > -------------- > 1) DOS|GNU/Linux > > MBR > +---Primary/Extended* 1 > +---Primary/Extended* 2 > +---Primary/Extended* 3 > +---Primary/Extended* 4 > (if Extended) > +---Logic 1 > +---Logic 2 > +---. > +---. > +---. > +---Logic nth Yep - except IMSC n is no more than 4. > 2) DOS|GNU/Linux + FreeBSD > > MBR > +---Primary/Extended* 1 > +---Primary/Extended* 2 > +---Primary/Extended* 3 > ¦ (if Extended) > ¦ +---Logic 1 > ¦ +---Logic 2 > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---Logic nth > +---FreeBSD 4 (Slice) > +---Partition 1 > +---Partition 2 > +---Partition 3 > +---. > +---. > +---Partition (h/eight/8?) This the standard way of installing FreeBSD on an MBR based system - FreeBSD docs call the MBR partitions slices because they wanted to keep the partition name as used on other platforms. > ****** Being the FreeBSD slice on any position of the 4 MBR > possible options. Just placed 4th for simplicity in the scheme Indeed. > Ok, now the third example, where I mixed cases, so some questions > in one. > > Can a whole FreeBSD installation (mountpoints) be spread along > multiple slices? Yes but the installer won't be much help. > Can I have more than h/eight/8 partitions when using more than one > slice? If no, why this small limit? Yes because each slice would contain a BSD Disklabel with up to eight partitions. > Can mountpoints be outside of slices? Specially or > specifically, /boot. Can it be on a FAT/32 or ext/2/3/4 file system /boot I'm pretty sure has to be UFS or ZFS because that's what the bootloader (very small code) can read. > outside the slices? I understand any other should be inside the > FreeBSD slices only. > > And when I say slices, I don't mean only on one disk, but several too. Yes you can spread things over multiple disks, once upon a time it tended to be necessary for capacity. > -------------- > 3) DOS|GNU/Linux + FreeBSD (hypothetical case) > > MBR > +---Primary/Extended* 1 /Boot > +---FreeBSD 2 (Slice) > ¦ +---Partition 1 /etc > ¦ +---Partition 2 /home > ¦ +---Partition 3 > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---Partition (h/eight/8?) > +---Primary/Extended* 3 > ¦ (*if Extended and only one) > ¦ +---Logic 1 > ¦ +---Logic 2 > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---. > ¦ +---Logic nth > +---FreeBSD 4 (Slice) > +---Partition 1 / > +---Partition 2 > +---Partition 3 > +---. > +---. > +---Partition (h/eight/8?) /swap > -------------- Unless MBR has changed since I last looked there could only be one extended partition(slice) and it had to be the fourth. Other than that this should work. One more option (that you probably don't want), you can put a BSD disklabel on the whole disc and not have an MBR or GPT at all - this is called Dangerously Dedicated. I mention this only for completeness. > Despite I ask for MBR scheme, that is my BIOS/Disk system, I guess > answers should be applicable to GPT, more or less, with its > differences. GPT is *much* simpler if you want lots of partitions - there's just one level and you can have as many as you like. No partition/slice confusion, no BSD disklabels, no extended partitions just a bunch of partitions with names that you provide. MBR is considered obsolete and GPT the replacement. Highly recommend using GPT if all the OSs can use it. -- Steve O'Hara-Smith From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Tue Aug 24 11:44:47 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions+confunsub-25bb7e1338526665@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB4946560BA for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:47 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m040601@envs.net) Received: from mail.envs.net (envs.net [89.163.145.170]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gv6jB5y58z3sMP for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:46 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from m040601@envs.net) Received: from localhost (mail.envs.net [127.0.0.1]) by mail.envs.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C7DE38A0ED6 for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:39 +0000 (UTC) X-Virus-Scanned: Debian amavisd-new at mail.envs.net Received: from mail.envs.net ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (mail.envs.net [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10026) with ESMTP id Tl_P5MvpegHm for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from core.envs.net (unknown [192.168.1.1]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: m040601@envs.net) by mail.envs.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA for ; Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:38 +0000 (UTC) Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:37 +0000 From: m040601 To: freebsd-questions+confunsub-25bb7e1338526665@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Confirm unsubscribe from freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org Message-ID: <20210824114437.2ytil4zb544ibfiq@core.envs.net> References: <1629531829-94064-mlmmj-0516e61d@FreeBSD.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: User-Agent: NeoMutt/20201127 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gv6jB5y58z3sMP X-Spamd-Bar: --- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[envs.net:s=modoboa]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a]; TAGGED_RCPT(0.00)[confunsub-25bb7e1338526665]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROMTLD(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[envs.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[envs.net,quarantine]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:24961, ipnet:89.163.128.0/17, country:DE]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-Mailman-Approved-At: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:45:08 +0000 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:44:47 -0000 On Sat, Aug 21, 2021 at 10:47:00AM +0300, Markiyan Kushnir wrote: > 2021-08-21 10:43 GMT+03:00, freebsd-questions+help@freebsd.org > : > > Hi, this is the Mlmmj program managing the > > mailing list. > > > > An administrator has requested that the email address > > be removed from the list. > > > > To confirm you want to do this, please send a message to > > which can > > usually be done simply by replying to this message. The subject and the > > body of the message can be anything. > > > > After doing so, you should receive a reply informing you that the operation > > succeeded. > > > > If you do not want to do this, simply ignore this message. > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" -- m040601 my custom sig From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 21:12:05 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B187A67119A for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:12:05 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 93ab.82.c37900021b83ee.9aadb35bdef40199041493f615702ded@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b515.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b515.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.181.21]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwbBr2rDqz4ph0 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:12:04 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 93ab.82.c37900021b83ee.9aadb35bdef40199041493f615702ded@email-od.com) X-Thread-Info: OTNhYi4xMi5jMzc5MDAwMjFiODNlZS5mcmVlYnNkLXF1ZXN0aW9ucz1mcmVlYnNkLm9yZw== Received: from r3.us-east-1.aws.in.socketlabs.com (r3.us-east-1.aws.in.socketlabs.com [142.0.191.3]) by mxh4.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Thu, 26 Aug 2021 17:11:50 -0400 Received: from oceanview.tundraware.com (oceanview.tundraware.com [45.55.60.57]) by r3.us-east-1.aws.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Thu, 26 Aug 2021 17:11:50 -0400 Received: from [192.168.0.2] (ozzie.tundraware.com [75.145.138.73]) (authenticated bits=0) by oceanview.tundraware.com (8.16.1/8.16.1) with ESMTPSA id 17QLBVZh026598 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 16:11:31 -0500 (CDT) (envelope-from tundra@tundraware.com) Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> From: Tim Daneliuk Message-ID: <25ed1e6f-fe69-5b3b-c459-00a115cfbb5e@tundraware.com> Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 16:11:26 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.11.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Greylist: Sender succeeded SMTP AUTH, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.6.4 (oceanview.tundraware.com [45.55.60.57]); Thu, 26 Aug 2021 16:11:31 -0500 (CDT) X-TundraWare-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-TundraWare-MailScanner-ID: 17QLBVZh026598 X-TundraWare-MailScanner: Found to be clean X-TundraWare-MailScanner-SpamCheck: not spam (whitelisted), SpamAssassin (not cached, score=-4.824, required 6, autolearn=not spam, ALL_TRUSTED -1.00, BAYES_00 -1.90, NICE_REPLY_A -2.00, TW_PF 0.08) X-TundraWare-MailScanner-From: tundra@tundraware.com X-Spam-Status: No X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwbBr2rDqz4ph0 X-Spamd-Bar: --- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.70 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tundraware.com:s=slkey,email-od.com:s=dkim]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tundraware.com:+,email-od.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[tundraware.com,reject]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[142.0.181.21:from,142.0.191.3:received]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FORGED_SENDER(0.30)[tundra@tundraware.com,93ab.82.c37900021b83ee.9aadb35bdef40199041493f615702ded@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:53658, ipnet:142.0.180.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[tundra@tundraware.com,93ab.82.c37900021b83ee.9aadb35bdef40199041493f615702ded@email-od.com]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[email-od.com:dkim] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:12:05 -0000 On 8/24/21 5:30 PM, Michael Sierchio wrote: > On Tue, Aug 24, 2021 at 2:47 PM Tim Daneliuk via freebsd-questions < > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org> wrote: > >> Is there any particular advantage - performance or otherwise - to breaking >> up >> a large ipfw table into smaller tables? >> >> We have a few firewalls approaching 100,000 rules for blocking addresses >> and CIDR blocks. > > > Do you really mean 100,000 firewall rules? 100,000 CIDR blocks is not > a problem. You should probably consolidate CIDR blocks before adding them > to a > table, because it's a longest-prefix-match. > > >> The IPS are read from separate text files in a loop >> in the firewall init code, but are all written to a single table. > > > I have a framework that collects IPs and CIDR blocks from various sources > (for blocking). > Two tables are used for this – so I can atomically replace the table > contents via table swap. > None of this is done in the firewall init code, it's all done via a > cronjob. I use the table arg to > store an integer that says what the source was. The firewall init script > only gets invoked at > startup, or when rules change. > > This >> is easy to maintain, but the concern is that we may be clobbering runtime >> performance. >> > > Did you know you can add an entire file to a table, if the lines consist of > >
> > ? > > Empirically, this works for up to 8192 entries, so I split the file into > files of that size, > add them, then delete the splits. My pcengines box has > > CPU: AMD GX-412TC SOC (998.15-MHz K8-class > CPU) > > > *root@hearst:/usr/src 210#* ipfw table reject list | wc -l > > 99787 > > Something with decent power could easily filter 250,000 CIDR blocks. As I thought about this, it led to a followup question. Imagine I have populated a table and then run this command: ipfw add deny all from table\(10\) to any via em0 If I then later update the contents of table 10, will those changes go live on the firewall, or is the binding of table content to firewall rules only relevant at the time the "add deny" is invoked? To be more specific, I want to be able to build the table from a set of flat files that list all the naughty IPs and CIDR blocks at boot time. But I'd like to add/delete from that list as the system is running without having to reload the firewall every time. tl;dr I don't understand ipfw table semantics very well ... 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 40.92.41.53 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[40.92.41.53:from]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:40.92.0.0/15]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[40.92.41.53:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:40.80.0.0/12, country:US]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; ARC_ALLOW(-1.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:39:31 -0000 Hi, thanks for the helpful answer :) > > 1) DOS|GNU/Linux > > > > MBR > > +---Primary/Extended* 1 > > +---Primary/Extended* 2 > > +---Primary/Extended* 3 > > +---Primary/Extended* 4 > > (if Extended) > > +---Logic 1 > > +---Logic 2 > > +---. > > +---. > > +---. > > +---Logic nth > > Yep - except IMSC n is no more than 4. IMSC ? If you mean the same as what Christian told, I never had that limit of 4 logical in an extended partition. > This the standard way of installing FreeBSD on an MBR based > system - FreeBSD docs call the MBR partitions slices because they > wanted to keep the partition name as used on other platforms. Yes, I learned that, thanks :) I'd have to get used. > > Can a whole FreeBSD installation (mountpoints) be spread along > > multiple slices? > > Yes but the installer won't be much help. I see. I'll have to try what are the limits there and/or imagine how to organize the disk. > Unless MBR has changed since I last looked there could only > be one extended partition(slice) and it had to be the fourth. Other > than that this should work. Yes, is limited to 1. I originally intended to share an image where it was all clearer, but image size and that it was going to be outside the list, I gave up. Here it is. It is outdated and wrong in comparison with the schemes sent to the list as I learned the 8 partition limits after I made the image: https://i.ibb.co/Mgxz2qZ/freebsd-part.png This is the last edit and I haven't reviewed if it is the same I posted here: https://i.ibb.co/f2RZFst/bsdpart2021-08.png What I'm not sure about the place, if it needed to be fourth. I always set the last, but I don't remember if by restrictions, just for simplicity. I'll have to check because otherwise I'd have a big headache. The other option is just run on a virtual machine with enough space for it until I get used to FreeBSD and then cross the fingers to jump to a reorganized physical disk (after backups madness). > One more option (that you probably don't want), you can put > a BSD disklabel on the whole disc and not have an MBR or GPT at all > - this is called Dangerously Dedicated. I mention this only for > completeness. Thanks, but it will be shared with other OSs :) Not to mention that I'd still need more than 8 partitions. > > Despite I ask for MBR scheme, that is my BIOS/Disk system, I guess > > answers should be applicable to GPT, more or less, with its > > differences. > > GPT is *much* simpler if you want lots of partitions - > there's just one level and you can have as many as you like. No > partition/slice confusion, no BSD disklabels, no extended > partitions just a bunch of partitions with names that you provide. > MBR is considered obsolete and GPT the replacement. > > Highly recommend using GPT if all the OSs can use it. I know, but my system is "old" and doesn't support GPT (with BIOS instead EFI I'd say instead old; by the time could have EFI, but it doesn't). It is just what I have. Regards. 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Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:39:30 +0000 Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 23:37:24 +0200 From: Javier To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: In-Reply-To: <8ab9716c-fdc3-ad09-1883-8210b37ef520@groessler.org> References: <8ab9716c-fdc3-ad09-1883-8210b37ef520@groessler.org> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.4.3 (GTK+ 2.10.14; i686-pc-mingw32) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-TMN: [Ob+Ndo3i7QcwSx8JX8+o60tW95laNhzl] X-ClientProxiedBy: MR2P264CA0176.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:501::15) To MW4PR01MB6401.prod.exchangelabs.com (2603:10b6:303:67::11) X-Microsoft-Original-Message-ID: <20210826233724.9d0d7f7263c2eeee482334da@outlook.es> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-Exchange-MessageSentRepresentingType: 1 Received: from localhost (62.57.107.98) by MR2P264CA0176.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:501::15) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_0, cipher=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA) id 15.20.4457.17 via Frontend Transport; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:39:29 +0000 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: 5a70107e-a44f-4854-ee2b-08d968d9fc56 X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: CO1PR01MB6613: X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0; 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 40.92.42.42 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[40.92.42.42:from]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:40.92.0.0/15:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[40.92.42.42:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:40.80.0.0/12, country:US]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; ARC_ALLOW(-1.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:39:38 -0000 On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:53:25 +0200 Christian Groessler wrote: > "loads"? Hi, Yep :), I always had more than 4, way more than 4. > If I remember correctly, an extended partition can also only hold 4 > partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an extended partition > which can hold 4 partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an > extended partition... etc > > But I don't know if that is supported by current OSes. :-? If it had been that limitation at any time might be decades ago. I always (over 2 decades) had a bunch of logical in an extended partition, following that is was allowed. Wikipedia, if it is trustable, agrees too :-? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_boot_record Anyway, I never had any problem. Regards. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 21:58:26 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB916671F8E for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:58:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: from mail-lf1-x12e.google.com (mail-lf1-x12e.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::12e]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwcDK3rmJz539T for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:58:25 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: by mail-lf1-x12e.google.com with SMTP id j4so9914069lfg.9 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 14:58:25 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=6g26Bp/tvLOwAyYb5vI4H5J87RSDe22Y32Evy92iUss=; b=NoqXnA6r3FCvS5N8xhdmGpti/uPmwRhv9cbgiRx2s0C7hRB5Qxyi20Dlwd6KxPbPVO gzOPgOIoSC4+V0WILypANTUYLuzyfVcrXa9YM2ZJJzVpj2UUVo5cLadj3wEQ8geLBfAO Fln2U0lbv/gDZO1lhYzIelMiJO34hRrr+O4xp4DqexcrwJ/dtTICGKSZzqAX/dP1NJ9a 9KCD1hxkTDROYDyln/bUK4Yp+hGXWw8A+a2gfOjJBFCGpa69nuEwZI4BNngd1OEDB9mO xnuJH/pN+N3VCr4CcGEEdaJg729hJh9KcSvx3WlaA62ulInSVfe5N16HX3qxQMFGRUgs 17yA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to; bh=6g26Bp/tvLOwAyYb5vI4H5J87RSDe22Y32Evy92iUss=; b=TMNsiaq0lGCnCal5f4tn++Ywym8EnGh6RrcMEIV97bmybTKhHfQUNJSminp2l41wu1 dvWzfT+yYrqdI5VEC+CJmY8gV3Bizdb+3/BDeseL6e0bAqODB6H7kgZxqH+w/bOPSS4f MXOtecLk2+dBPXudWbZUJE2yQAwHGHf2M2f4/VonoUu+C1o2Oagl+OGIHoJgdU4q7u4J S56JT64jPqxi99YocMCe74+SXVAs+OnTLWuK5Cf45lntGFnh9fxq7Dov7noxyzcO0d2F OERfYe5DjLI+R6jk/FQsC1F6LDfDWxAoTQ3lusmvwFfaQL0SfJ0QYNUwbo0489xCajSI hCIw== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM533VhqDif8NxneMbU5diUwlTnq+28Okkm/GpMMARO4pPweF2uQUM yLDaO5Ejq7nGfMIGu9Z7GNgYIN+1UEySXZwQ7M/lQbEWKnB+C2ve X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJyjwW6mw6vD2/5Dj/lo5R91ZkiFtxqlvAHJTzJPvMZ+QpKdEJfPWOx2BhNWCZaVuhmoKGo3KRZRevywCEr/FjA= X-Received: by 2002:a19:c201:: with SMTP id l1mr4326742lfc.306.1630015103510; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 14:58:23 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> <25ed1e6f-fe69-5b3b-c459-00a115cfbb5e@tundraware.com> In-Reply-To: <25ed1e6f-fe69-5b3b-c459-00a115cfbb5e@tundraware.com> From: Michael Sierchio Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 14:57:47 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwcDK3rmJz539T X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=NoqXnA6r; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kudzu@tenebras.com has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::12e) smtp.mailfrom=kudzu@tenebras.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.26 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[tenebras.com]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.96)[-0.956]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::12e:from]; HTTP_TO_IP(1.00)[]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:58:26 -0000 On Thu, Aug 26, 2021 at 2:12 PM Tim Daneliuk via freebsd-questions < freebsd-questions@freebsd.org> wrote: > > > As I thought about this, it led to a followup question. Imagine > I have populated a table and then run this command: > > ipfw add deny all from table\(10\) to any via em0 > > > If I then later update the contents of table 10, will those changes go li= ve > on the firewall, or is the binding of table content to firewall rules onl= y > relevant at the time the "add deny" is invoked? > The answer is an unequivocal yes. You can start with an empty table, and keep modifying it on the basis of events, on a cronjob, etc. The rule does the table lookup at the time of execution, and the table contents can be changing all the time. If you have a blocklist, have a whitelist. Not kidding. For example, so many useful things don't work in AWS if you block 169.254.0.0/16 =E2=80=93 169.254.169.254 is = metadata service, .253 is DNS, .123 is NTP, etc. Yes. I recommend you write that as two rules so it doesn't get matched 4 times. ;-) ipfw add deny ip from table\(10\) to any in recv em0 # warn internal hosts ipfw add unreach filter-prohib from any to table\(10\) out xmit em0 The answer is an unequivocal yes. You can start with an empty table, and keep modifying it on the basis of events, on a cronjob, etc. The rule does the table lookup at the time of execution, and the table contents can be changing all the time. I fetch the full bogons list hourly. To change the table contents atomically, swap the tables =E2=80=93 with I d= o this: Assumptions: - For every table X, there is a table named X-alt. The have the same contents except when being changed. - The database consists of .txt files in /var/db/ipfw/X/cidr (there is a /var/db/ipfw/X/src, more on that later). - The .txt files contain entries like 223.247.130.195/32 4295 223.247.153.244/32 4295 223.247.194.119/32 4295 2001:558:6045:52:f093:7192:8eb6:7cb7/128 4295 2001:912:800:212::61/128 4295 (the table arg says what file it's from, which may mean a particular blocklist) Script: #!/bin/sh PATH=3D/etc/ipfw:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sb= in export PATH BASEDIR=3D"/var/db/ipfw" if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then echo "usage: ipfw-table-update " exit 64 fi LIST=3D$1 ; export LIST IPFW=3D"/sbin/ipfw -q" ; export IPFW ###########################################################################= ##### # GUSTY WINDS MAY EXIST # $IPFW table ${LIST} create >/dev/null 2>&1 $IPFW table ${LIST}-alt create >/dev/null 2>&1 cd ${BASEDIR}/${LIST}/cidr ###########################################################################= ##### # combine lists # cat *.txt | awk '/^[^ #-]/ { print $1, $2 }' > .X ###########################################################################= ##### # split into files of no more than 8192 entries # PFX=3D".${LIST}-tmp" ; export PFX split -l 8192 .X $PFX ###########################################################################= ##### # swap table with table-alt, flush alt, load alt # $IPFW table ${LIST} swap ${LIST}-alt ; $IPFW table ${LIST}-alt flush for f in ${PFX}* ; do $IPFW table ${LIST}-alt add `cat $f` done ###########################################################################= ##### # repeat to load other table # $IPFW table ${LIST} swap ${LIST}-alt ; $IPFW table ${LIST}-alt flush for f in ${PFX}* ; do $IPFW table ${LIST}-alt add `cat $f` done rm -f ${PFX}* .X From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 22:00:32 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E7F6672127 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:00:32 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: from mail-lj1-x22d.google.com (mail-lj1-x22d.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::22d]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwcGl22rwz54Ct for ; 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Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:00:29 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> <25ed1e6f-fe69-5b3b-c459-00a115cfbb5e@tundraware.com> In-Reply-To: From: Michael Sierchio Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 14:59:54 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwcGl22rwz54Ct X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=vabSWXJD; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kudzu@tenebras.com has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::22d) smtp.mailfrom=kudzu@tenebras.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.24 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[tenebras.com]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.94)[-0.941]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::22d:from]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:00:32 -0000 On Thu, Aug 26, 2021 at 2:57 PM Michael Sierchio wrote: Sorry about the duplicate paragraph. I thought I was cutting when I was copying. ;-) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 22:10:37 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1FA6B6720EF for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:10:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) Received: from holgerdanske.com (holgerdanske.com [IPv6:2001:470:0:19b::b869:801b]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (P-256) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "xray.he.net", Issuer "R3" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwcVM75bkz56VZ for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:10:35 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dpchrist@holgerdanske.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=holgerdanske.com; s=nov-20210719-112354; t=1630015828; bh=PhZpeKNWtWFZ8bbOFjh5H82kIedliA/lvQt2Ry6ql6Y=; h=Received:Subject:To:References:From:Message-ID:Date:User-Agent: MIME-Version:In-Reply-To:Content-Type:Content-Language: Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=swb2jFKwmIDH4bLAQfhuOdolk6QWcLZQCkRRvIz/AM9imqCdPrc4VCzNfJiRUFcGG kxDlTX0RM9Izi1RcWNNCS+H4HDKrQtYFktVPA86LNInQHg9+iUfp1ZeJoD2zG71zWT /M7/aTLfUVvgUuzN8tA7wZDkHfclO5pXYtv4ABM9s7osf2MV+Epm1FDgSeA15am+d6 9avUb9dYpgwWCp4OB0xWpBw6HHl32aoYzO5TsAH/muxqj/FOB58m504qDR+UV46y4k l7qzvREY0joxNm72IbKzndl93KH85gF+n18yFme+5StKX11JV69PYvaB7gUVvDwao1 V6yEDDNvcj7+BgPm+GwYEPB27oQtT7Pvlr6R/8bwuuNh4ZR85b3IUk02Um6PcrYQNW TKFPj64oIxGagCj/odOdTeAdFgubT/qfFmgPcmVhnulX9omQBFhmr9Bi6G7834Xb1g KLIWIff62qmc0PGe2hxlDdctZ1ripbeVDgoSawXrVwpkk6rA4pF4B3rBTy216W8dsU t32BrL1cDii1Dad0d9DyJKhvRiqTRIlo+57s85UuqbnWGkTiB4xftwCLopbcFHgSne i9biWvxu1O2br4f64huQz5c78X57JJL71kZ++1BxdkfYga70kfuHRYkRG0Cfte4QX1 zz3Q+wY+f/CTG37BUIcgs8Ck= Received: from 99.100.19.101 (99-100-19-101.lightspeed.frokca.sbcglobal.net [99.100.19.101]) by holgerdanske.com with ESMTPSA (TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLSv1.3:Kx=any:Au=any:Enc=AESGCM(128):Mac=AEAD) (SMTP-AUTH username dpchrist@holgerdanske.com, mechanism PLAIN) for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:10:28 -0700 Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: From: David Christensen Message-ID: <9459f921-3b89-b353-414c-b863686d1e67@holgerdanske.com> Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:10:27 -0700 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.12.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwcVM75bkz56VZ X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=holgerdanske.com header.s=nov-20210719-112354 header.b=swb2jFKw; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=holgerdanske.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of dpchrist@holgerdanske.com designates 2001:470:0:19b::b869:801b as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=dpchrist@holgerdanske.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.99 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[holgerdanske.com:s=nov-20210719-112354]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+a:november.he.net]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[holgerdanske.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[holgerdanske.com,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.99)[-0.994]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:6939, ipnet:2001:470::/32, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:10:37 -0000 On 8/26/21 11:32 AM, Javier wrote: > And, so, I want to be sure what is allowed given the questions I made. > If I'm correct in my assumption with the 3rd case shown, or totally > wrong. I tried multi-boot back in the day. It was an unreliable PITA. The various Linux mailing lists still have posts and replies by people with this form of self-harm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_harm So, I installed a second HDD, installed a second OS on it, and selected the boot device via HDD jumpers and/or Setup. When I got tired of the hardware inconvenience and wanted more than two OS choices, I installed drive racks in my desktop tower chassis, bought extra drives, and dedicate one drive to each OS instance. (This was the IDE era.) As time progressed, I was able to standardize on 2.5" SATA drives, 2.5" SATA chassis racks, and laptops with externally-accessible 2.5" SATA drive bays. The final improvement was virtualization. Now I can choose my hardware, choose my base OS, and run multiple OS's at the same time. :-) The next challenge will come when I want NVMe drives everywhere. > I could do all automatic, but I'm those that prefer to do manually > knowing what I'm doing. Or at least, what is happening in the > background. KISS. Use the FreeBSD installer and choose the simplest options. Use a camera for screen captures and type up good notes in a second computer. Consider it an experiment that you will repeat several times over the next year as you learn. Keep your data on a separate device (better yet, RAID). Get good at backup/ restore, archiving, and imaging. David From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Thu Aug 26 22:18:52 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB6D0672440 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:18:52 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: from mail-lf1-x12e.google.com (mail-lf1-x12e.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::12e]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "smtp.gmail.com", Issuer "GTS CA 1O1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gwcgw0bY8z58JB for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:18:52 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kudzu@tenebras.com) Received: by mail-lf1-x12e.google.com with SMTP id m28so10034542lfj.6 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:18:52 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=mnCEc6+Y38CMVldW+YKvhl6r7MuGMSt/AA7hrGXS1jw=; b=h3nYgMzCNLOTBG2lZAUIpAA4QXiLfrDvisr5BQJv3gOBHTLlqf5XrQDoBWpmcO7RdD kdDCer/GRvYYGgi7Qpbu+/BbUUPqW4yKMITQMqZVrUyhM/Hdccq/wTNQgL3fJY7f2Zkt O/Bvw/YsZ1ZtxzTzGaMVmS7jQUeRB4qDigDvSIcBYqF0a84a5UxG4RcvdLxJ3491m2md /Lj5WyRKthj7HVJtJxvF1BjBJjeb3+zO1ZhNZ1KdmFdq7x0SFur9fuPFVzqHSFaSCji/ cqGhl21gxOEw6z7+28PtsbwZ9VBMuGiQbIx3xWaAtqNiXNC4OU2p1UraR//N3BUKrAPr 658g== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:from:date :message-id:subject:to; bh=mnCEc6+Y38CMVldW+YKvhl6r7MuGMSt/AA7hrGXS1jw=; b=rEMzeoGmMqBI9VLzZCgt4uJm8bAWSzu5lKPhvJfyS7c3UriLjpXSguaFKmneFarVdL H3mOQ+ziJoGxu5GGnD5m/5soW/PIoj5M8vQOWn8/sSpmHZsfqgVLcT4WP0xR04JwLGf4 FZPXT6FfRzcX0ZhwYLlDgk1wy3Hx3oPv2SqZj6AfqnrH/WoJJapf6vPhSGjXEb4q11Ba 6POtHEnrEeZSRuJ5mONJQ145ntE30e1YZE9kTykO00JDlHipgVODOrCBojGjpdpwgsuV z+ezs5gCq75PSWCewcK6QVmV/ph7Tr2qr9L6K5PtCmqZnzpZ3CubTkAe8/nEOsCCxzj4 QYvw== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM530zvFEZ5vQAx7u4jspfW1SVb7a8U9821vGIy0uCe9FZQwWg+hus woASXsgzRf6vsrVt6n0fPvDCzfJ5z9EaoQWI52IAgWd2keVH3YnP X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxhht2W3s1xLUZwVrNR2kmKnvfNEECcagfr41oMs9z9zhsPd4do83+nP+S1janGgL+oYus6JU92YSHzTZmHAU0= X-Received: by 2002:a05:6512:1390:: with SMTP id p16mr4269032lfa.39.1630016330513; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:18:50 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <9e6cd8e2-a06e-468b-7245-d5ff13309763@tundraware.com> <25ed1e6f-fe69-5b3b-c459-00a115cfbb5e@tundraware.com> In-Reply-To: From: Michael Sierchio Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:18:14 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: ipfw Table Organization To: FreeBSD Mailing List X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gwcgw0bY8z58JB X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.s=20150623 header.b=h3nYgMzC; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of kudzu@tenebras.com has no SPF policy when checking 2a00:1450:4864:20::12e) smtp.mailfrom=kudzu@tenebras.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.25 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:s=20150623]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[multipart/alternative,text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[tenebras.com]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[tenebras-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com:+]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.95)[-0.945]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::12e:from]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+,1:+,2:~]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.34 X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:18:52 -0000 ipfw add unreach filter-prohib ip from any to table\(10\) out xmit em0 On Thu, Aug 26, 2021 at 2:59 PM Michael Sierchio wrote: > > > On Thu, Aug 26, 2021 at 2:57 PM Michael Sierchio > wrote: > > Sorry about the duplicate paragraph. I thought I was cutting when I was > copying. ;-) > > From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Aug 27 04:48:33 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E47F06770F4 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 04:48:33 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwnKX6r0zz4hCg for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 04:48:32 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews1.riseup.net (fews1-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.83]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GwnKP58YdzDxXp for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:48:25 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1630039705; bh=TGjEmYbs+P7cX9yEbbPgm8Hkwn0AvwRjxXdG5od0ujY=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=gHya6nqVL/M6f8CRRc873tvlDxP2KZwHu03/+iVE1YxRiIjOi5bkVwmr5eXbc7/Gc MNxrX6yX04YcwxbsPMLwcZkC3EH/eVZFf+KpDnl2O7Pi1RB2w1YRCHdKs0m1k8wpot +153vfu0ohKXQ3LoRkjgTLA3Rb1s2skZIshbhwKg= X-Riseup-User-ID: D4C4044564A11EB8B0103D96C1BC026D5D682A249558C0560306ECDA5726B56B Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4GwnKP0lJyz5vkC for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:48:24 -0700 (PDT) Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 06:48:21 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: <20210827064821.0678b4da@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <8ab9716c-fdc3-ad09-1883-8210b37ef520@groessler.org> References: <8ab9716c-fdc3-ad09-1883-8210b37ef520@groessler.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwnKX6r0zz4hCg X-Spamd-Bar: -- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=gHya6nqV; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-2.60 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; NEURAL_SPAM_SHORT(1.00)[1.000]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 04:48:34 -0000 On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:53:25 +0200, Christian Groessler wrote: >If I remember correctly, an extended partition can also only hold 4 >partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an extended partition >which can hold 4 partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an >extended partition... etc That's incorrect. "Master Boot Record (partition table) In the MBR partition table (also known as DOS or MS-DOS partition table) there are 3 types of partitions: Primary Extended Logical Primary partitions can be bootable and are limited to four partitions per disk or RAID volume. If the MBR partition table requires more than four partitions, then one of the primary partitions needs to be replaced by an extended partition containing logical partitions within it. Extended partitions can be thought of as containers for logical partitions. A hard disk can contain no more than one extended partition. The extended partition is also counted as a primary partition so if the disk has an extended partition, only three additional primary partitions are possible (i.e. three primary partitions and one extended partition). The number of logical partitions residing in an extended partition is unlimited. A system that dual boots with Windows will require for Windows to reside in a primary partition. The customary numbering scheme is to create primary partitions sda1 through sda3 followed by an extended partition sda4. The logical partitions on sda4 are numbered sda5, sda6, etc. Tip: When partitioning a MBR disk consider leaving at least 33 512-byte sectors (16.5 KiB) of free unpartitioned space at the end of the disk in case you ever decide to convert it to GPT. The space will be required for the backup GPT header." - https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/partitioning#Master_Boot_Record_(partition_table) From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Aug 27 05:13:11 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C7285677D07 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 05:13:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gwnsz0FSdz4nvP for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 05:13:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews2.riseup.net (fews2-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.84]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gwnsx6Xm7zDxXp for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:13:09 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1630041189; bh=+hmNFiWjcjD0qT6YOS2IT063M/52xvGRimdlI4nltBw=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=UFFxuH6pgqA+bNeZ9SU6Yh2MX27nLA1cVqNnzh/wAVhER8bX04Fec4ohf7Ono1u01 jJUtm14cE8H7K1TDan1xc4+JlrkDpyRO+nhIdlY9Wig60DnkPox62LCJof9smDB8ro V2Sj+SgIanVUOX9q/GtpYWGDCh1yK8pbhN+rSsbc= X-Riseup-User-ID: F29229B5C4B0D3D7BC298A183F3EEE2F653CAD8F08279EFFE158B1919726D672 Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews2.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gwnsx1PKYz1yS7 for ; Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:13:09 -0700 (PDT) Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 07:13:06 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: <20210827071306.34e90c17@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> References: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gwnsz0FSdz4nvP X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=UFFxuH6p; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.60 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 05:13:11 -0000 On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:39:21 +0100, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: >Unless MBR has changed since I last looked there could only be one >extended partition(slice) and it had to be the fourth. Other than that >this should work. Sometimes limits are not caused by the MBR. Some limits are probably caused by partitioning tools, bootloaders, operating systems or are just an issue of linguistic usage. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Wed Aug 25 19:29:45 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions+confsub-476faf45755c414c@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 087CE659F19 for ; Wed, 25 Aug 2021 19:29:45 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from prvs=864fc556a=Ewald.Jenisch@oekb.at) Received: from mgaterz2.oekb.co.at (mgaterz2.oekb.co.at [143.245.5.112]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "mgaterz1.oekb.co.at", Issuer "SwissSign Server Gold CA 2014 - G22" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GvwzD1KkQz3PQj for ; Wed, 25 Aug 2021 19:29:40 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from prvs=864fc556a=Ewald.Jenisch@oekb.at) IronPort-SDR: NoS/bgbJDckfQdKeot2hCBvmbFPTGKqOyUeFqQW/HDloChxEwUD3RrqKsWcZsuPNf1Wm3XC1Hu XJ0qvlwn+qKC1PwxYAmTAwbUDdbQIqNScsHvsP4n10nUzg2cwPdXo5CZRVg8+KQnen0+3ALuoq n9WX/GZDSEYbzehXJPTrAa1R+W8lUipqxykNpiNMSW3jMD5H2V3fC/uFL6olHjFOpB2SgRpPB3 G0FMlp5UtHIpJdvU1PWBVKrzJImhAKAEUPPiMER/GMBgW2qNIxaQbeo/vQv060DbLzxEXsgI6F gf1cyKQAjUKPu4K4dKS0jcWp Received: from exchsrv03-con1.oekb.co.at (HELO EXCHSRV03.oekb.co.at) ([143.245.3.14]) by mgaterz2.oekb.co.at with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256; 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[2001:470:1f1c:a0::2]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d145sm10661195wmd.3.2021.08.27.03.13.42 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Fri, 27 Aug 2021 03:13:42 -0700 (PDT) To: FreeBSD questions From: Graham Perrin Subject: acpiconf(8) and s5 (sleep type 5) Message-ID: <367b613a-9e20-4a58-185d-2a0608a91748@gmail.com> Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 11:13:41 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.13.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Language: en-GB X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4GwwXt2swFz3pPh X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=VbzvmSTw; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of grahamperrin@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4864:20::334 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=grahamperrin@gmail.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a00:1450:4000::/36]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; TO_DN_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[gmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[gmail.com,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[gmail.com]; ASN(0.00)[asn:15169, ipnet:2a00:1450::/32, country:US]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[gmail.com:dkim]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[gmail.com:s=20161025]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a00:1450:4864:20::334:from]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 10:13:51 -0000 % sysctl hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5 % sudo acpiconf -s5 acpiconf: invalid sleep type (5) % This is consistent with the absence of s5 from the manual page for acpiconf(8), however I wonder why – historically – mode/state/type 5 is invalid in this context. I'm aware of equivalents e.g. `shutdown -p now`, just curious about the acpiconf(8) context. 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 2a01:111:f400:7eaa::801 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a01:111:f400::/48]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a01:111:f400:7eaa::801:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:2a01:111:f000::/36, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; ARC_ALLOW(-1.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:03:09 -0000 On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 15:10:27 -0700 David Christensen wrote: > On 8/26/21 11:32 AM, Javier wrote: > > > And, so, I want to be sure what is allowed given the questions I > > made. If I'm correct in my assumption with the 3rd case shown, or > > totally wrong. > > > I tried multi-boot back in the day. It was an unreliable PITA. Hi, I suffered too, when I tried (very long ago), those multi-os issues, but because I didn't even tried back then to understand what was going on, bootloader settings, bootloaders installation options, and so on. Not prepared for the paradigm. This is going to be a long run. If I have to give up, I'll give up, but I don't have dedicated Hardware/disks for each OS, as you tell in your experiences, unless, as you point, virtualization. That is not a bad idea, but, somehow, limited, depending on your final use of the OS. > > I could do all automatic, but I'm those that prefer to do manually > > knowing what I'm doing. Or at least, what is happening in the > > background. > > > KISS. Use the FreeBSD installer and choose the simplest options. > Use a camera for screen captures and type up good notes in a second > computer. Consider it an experiment that you will repeat several > times over the next year as you learn. I always had my own needs and automatic installations never fit them. It may be fine for the average, not for me, but I thank your thoughts :) > Keep your data on a separate device (better yet, RAID). > > > Get good at backup/ restore, archiving, and imaging. Sure :) Thanks for your thoughts :) Regards. 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Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:03:04 +0000 Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 16:02:35 +0200 From: Javier To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: In-Reply-To: <20210827071306.34e90c17@archlinux> References: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> <20210827071306.34e90c17@archlinux> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.4.3 (GTK+ 2.10.14; i686-pc-mingw32) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-TMN: [B2uFzxrUqRHVfBH6YqdSYyGdo1WKDjxm] X-ClientProxiedBy: MRXP264CA0027.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:500:14::15) To MW4PR01MB6401.prod.exchangelabs.com (2603:10b6:303:67::11) X-Microsoft-Original-Message-ID: <20210827160235.b74785b10ad993b6d3c160eb@outlook.es> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-Exchange-MessageSentRepresentingType: 1 Received: from localhost (62.57.107.98) by MRXP264CA0027.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:500:14::15) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_0, cipher=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA) id 15.20.4457.20 via Frontend Transport; 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 2a01:111:f400:7eaa::801 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip6:2a01:111:f400::/48:c]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[2a01:111:f400:7eaa::801:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:2a01:111:f000::/36, country:US]; ARC_ALLOW(-1.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:03:09 -0000 On Fri, 27 Aug 2021 07:13:06 +0200 Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:39:21 +0100, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > >Unless MBR has changed since I last looked there could only be one > >extended partition(slice) and it had to be the fourth. Other than > >that this should work. > > Sometimes limits are not caused by the MBR. Some limits are probably > caused by partitioning tools, bootloaders, operating systems or are > just an issue of linguistic usage. TL;DR: Anyway, all this makes me ask now... does FreeBSD have any kind of limitation I could suffer in the way the MBR implementation is setup/programmed? Hi, and so might be. I've spent this night reading here and there to find out any documentation that really tells if that limitation is real or not and..., first, there isn't such; and second, I found that all depends on implementations by anyone. For example, here (Linux doc project) tell there is not limit on Extended location, but they tell the limit might be 15 logicals. https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/partitions.html (section 5.9.2 and figure 5-2) Fact, I tested on a virtual machine such limitations, and... 15 isn't the limit and even Windows 98 accepts over 20 logical partitions. I also took the oportunity to set the extended partition "anywhere" (actually 3rd) and no problem. Also I used the FreeBSD boot-only, and the partition tool didn't have any problem with such strange disk organization and re-organizations with it. Would be problems inside FreeBSD? Might be good to know. Then I found a page and... god, I didn't save to bookmarks!!!, where it told the limit is 20, but I set 21 logical partitions and I hadn't any problem either. I thought it was the following page, but, anyway, is helpful. It tells, too, that extended can be anywhere (second page): https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/PartTables.htm After all, an extended primay partition is set to a fixed size, so, it is only constrained by that size, and it doesn't matter the location, except other limits like booting some OSs that require the first to be primary and active (that isn't standard either, by what I read). Another reading about it: https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html But, in the end, all these pages seems to tell that, as there wasn't an starndard per-se, all depends on implementations. Good or bad. Anyway, all this makes me ask now... does FreeBSD have any kind of limitation I could suffer in the way the MBR implementation is setup/programmed? Regards. P.S.1: sorry these long posts, I think they worth, at least for the time I spent finding out the info :D P.S.2: BIOS Boot Specification, if anyone wants a read :D http://www.reenigne.org/crtc/PC-XT.pdf From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Aug 27 14:45:35 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9C496612C8 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:45:35 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from chris@groessler.org) Received: from vigilia.groessler.org (vigilia.groessler.org [79.143.177.135]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA512 client-signature RSA-PSS (1024 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "vigilia.groessler.org", Issuer "vigilia.groessler.org" (not verified)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gx2ZQ3cYSz4v8n for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:45:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from chris@groessler.org) Received: from blasi.groessler.org (gaga.groessler.org [212.168.189.235]) by vigilia.groessler.org (8.16.0.45/8.14.6) with ESMTPS id 17REjVLQ044412 (version=TLSv1.3 cipher=AEAD-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128 verify=OK) for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 16:45:31 +0200 (CEST) Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <8ab9716c-fdc3-ad09-1883-8210b37ef520@groessler.org> <20210827064821.0678b4da@archlinux> From: Christian Groessler Message-ID: Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 16:45:31 +0200 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.11.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20210827064821.0678b4da@archlinux> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Language: en-US X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gx2ZQ3cYSz4v8n X-Spamd-Bar: / Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of chris@groessler.org has no SPF policy when checking 79.143.177.135) smtp.mailfrom=chris@groessler.org X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.07 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; FREEFALL_USER(0.00)[chris]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-0.999]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(1.00)[0.996]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[groessler.org]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-0.97)[-0.970]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[no SPF record]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; ASN(0.00)[asn:51167, ipnet:79.143.176.0/23, country:DE]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:45:35 -0000 On 8/27/21 6:48 AM, Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Thu, 26 Aug 2021 20:53:25 +0200, Christian Groessler wrote: >> If I remember correctly, an extended partition can also only hold 4 >> partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an extended partition >> which can hold 4 partitions. Of which one in turn can again be an >> extended partition... etc > That's incorrect. > > "Master Boot Record (partition table) > > In the MBR partition table (also known as DOS or MS-DOS partition > table) there are 3 types of partitions: > > Primary > Extended > Logical > > Primary partitions can be bootable and are limited to four partitions > per disk or RAID volume. If the MBR partition table requires more than > four partitions, then one of the primary partitions needs to be > replaced by an extended partition containing logical partitions within > it. > > Extended partitions can be thought of as containers for logical > partitions. A hard disk can contain no more than one extended > partition. The extended partition is also counted as a primary > partition so if the disk has an extended partition, only three > additional primary partitions are possible (i.e. three primary > partitions and one extended partition). The number of logical > partitions residing in an extended partition is unlimited. A system > that dual boots with Windows will require for Windows to reside in a > primary partition. > > The customary numbering scheme is to create primary partitions sda1 > through sda3 followed by an extended partition sda4. The logical > partitions on sda4 are numbered sda5, sda6, etc. Tip: When partitioning > a MBR disk consider leaving at least 33 512-byte sectors (16.5 KiB) of > free unpartitioned space at the end of the disk in case you ever decide > to convert it to GPT. The space will be required for the backup GPT > header." - > https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/partitioning#Master_Boot_Record_(partition_table) The first sector of an extended partition has the same layout as the MBR. Means that it has 4 slots for partition information. If one of the slots has the "extended partition" ID it can in turn define more partitions. That this is only supported 1 level deep is an artificial restriction. regards, chris From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Aug 27 17:02:11 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B4114663AF9 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:02:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gx5c24PQyz3FKP for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:02:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews2.riseup.net (fews2-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.84]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gx5c13Dv9zDrc1 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 10:02:09 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1630083729; bh=lZ2BaiYgserwr1TBb+Ks+LGgGyJKoVfs0a/bIwwcGtM=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=GCkMaVkxpStuImbOoxfWpQf83+Vf0zrNdL1Ja9Vosy+QzTp3QQeatKrhACgUjgRVF rLBrZumymaav9K82EnK1Xon+iT5SxrUHtjC8P0ft7PDjXnS+pY63Un4GpoEqGqQQbs 67+QT0vnKXR0yG/70PDoxxc7nqAhs4Kjs4GbggWw= X-Riseup-User-ID: 50B31AAEB81EF0EBE0CD116408014429B2C55880F2267B721D5A885385719267 Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews2.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gx5c065BLz1ySf for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 10:02:08 -0700 (PDT) Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 19:02:08 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: <20210827190208.4280496c@archlinux> In-Reply-To: References: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> <20210827071306.34e90c17@archlinux> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gx5c24PQyz3FKP X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=GCkMaVkx; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.60 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:02:11 -0000 On Fri, 27 Aug 2021 16:02:35 +0200, Javier wrote: >Anyway, all this makes me ask now... does FreeBSD have any kind of >limitation I could suffer in the way the MBR implementation is >setup/programmed? I'm not aware of limitation you need to worry about in real world scenarios, other than... (I'm mainly a Linux multi-boot user. I migrated from GRUB legacy to GRUB 2 to syslinux. However, in the past I also chainloaded FreeBSD. All my old internal HDDs were, as well as my new internal SSDs and external HDDs are <= 2 TiB MBR drives only.) ...the other day I read something scary. It's not related to an operating system, bootloader or partitioning tool. It's a hardware issue. Some mobo vendors have dropped legacy BIOS support, thus they dropped booting an operating system from MBR formatted devices. It's required to migrate from MBR to GPT for those drives, if there is the need to replace a mobo, by another one that doesn't provide a legacy BIOS option. IIRC the related Unified Extensible Firmware Interface term for booting MBR partitions is "CSM support". From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Fri Aug 27 17:25:37 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A39BC664457 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:25:37 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from mx1.riseup.net (mx1.riseup.net [198.252.153.129]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gx6745vJYz3LG2 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:25:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf-mardorf@riseup.net) Received: from fews1.riseup.net (fews1-pn.riseup.net [10.0.1.83]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "*.riseup.net", Issuer "Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA" (not verified)) by mx1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Gx6732hbbzDrc1 for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 10:25:35 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=riseup.net; s=squak; t=1630085135; bh=KGCZiuSL6smRmQyO9RoQ4HuZcnVhYYzEW566Rdf/oZQ=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=HMlqLtpEbilz3GN3YGcy8F06uTRA0mNjG22uNKr98uQ1q7196b8zQs9xUq2R463bq ycyiUjLGz2e9W8bAtwelKazcDEz4asJkmonKpGevK32UtTpgev2PQPA0EaNQCph5c6 996n0MWaFSJYQ11pEwnFEYdPKahtUD0tSTMoD6qc= X-Riseup-User-ID: 601E52261D901605ACFF75D77CF9761F318355E11FCD577A5A3A06A21D43C62D Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by fews1.riseup.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4Gx6725YmWz5vkB for ; Fri, 27 Aug 2021 10:25:34 -0700 (PDT) Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 19:25:24 +0200 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: <20210827192524.5cc7bf5b@archlinux> In-Reply-To: <20210827190208.4280496c@archlinux> References: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> <20210827071306.34e90c17@archlinux> <20210827190208.4280496c@archlinux> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Gx6745vJYz3LG2 X-Spamd-Bar: ---- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=riseup.net header.s=squak header.b=HMlqLtpE; dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=riseup.net; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of ralf-mardorf@riseup.net designates 198.252.153.129 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=ralf-mardorf@riseup.net X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.60 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[riseup.net:s=squak]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_GOOD(0.00)[198.252.153.129:from]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-questions@freebsd.org]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; DWL_DNSWL_LOW(-1.00)[riseup.net:dkim]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[riseup.net:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[riseup.net,none]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:16652, ipnet:198.252.153.0/24, country:US]; RCVD_TLS_ALL(0.00)[]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW(-0.10)[198.252.153.129:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:25:37 -0000 On Fri, 27 Aug 2021 19:02:08 +0200, Ralf Mardorf wrote: >On Fri, 27 Aug 2021 16:02:35 +0200, Javier wrote: >>Anyway, all this makes me ask now... does FreeBSD have any kind of >>limitation I could suffer in the way the MBR implementation is >>setup/programmed? =20 > >I'm not aware of limitation you need to worry about in real world >scenarios, other than... > >(I'm mainly a Linux multi-boot user. I migrated from GRUB legacy to >GRUB 2 to syslinux. However, in the past I also chainloaded FreeBSD. >All my old internal HDDs were, as well as my new internal SSDs and >external HDDs are <=3D 2 TiB MBR drives only.) > >...the other day I read something scary. It's not related to an >operating system, bootloader or partitioning tool. It's a hardware >issue. > >Some mobo vendors have dropped legacy BIOS support, thus they dropped >booting an operating system from MBR formatted devices. It's required >to migrate from MBR to GPT for those drives, if there is the need to >replace a mobo, by another one that doesn't provide a legacy BIOS >option. IIRC the related Unified Extensible Firmware Interface term for >booting MBR partitions is "CSM support". Off-topic: =46rom a Linux user point of view using MBR is important, to clearly express, that PID 1 is the init process and not at all related to a bootloader. Keyword "systemd-boot" ... can't be used with MBR. From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sat Aug 28 17:42:29 2021 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4977267759F for ; Sat, 28 Aug 2021 17:42:29 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nixlist@outlook.es) Received: from NAM02-DM3-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-dm3nam07olkn2048.outbound.protection.outlook.com [40.92.43.48]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client CN "mail.protection.outlook.com", Issuer "DigiCert Cloud Services CA-1" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4GxkS36yH7z3JyP for ; Sat, 28 Aug 2021 17:42:27 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from nixlist@outlook.es) ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; s=arcselector9901; d=microsoft.com; cv=none; b=fUNIIdwGT8v30MR04x2O93sACmVPpgeWIcYjmovpKHmW8lcKPC6y7FeepcwEpbpqq4sd8o5VoNoJJsN56HTQIfSAY6iNbcHlTrXYeFgsriv/dMaVC1tpJbtL8cRF3/wej9pXzyPjCWa6L0OAwyoa/mctJM68f6poSfcUwqEtqA4yaftAw+g7BmZKiPpsnquC6PwI5TMUO0pzM+i4vTcWddMx1KVM1Z5cBduqKxvXypHoiI1vn8JB3wD+J/FjFU7DpqDalkSAjWkc5wPRCCW7EHefJCvpVRSb7sm5jakVq+SHfZmXdC7oVJ9++Rs0F/epcI5Frt7pGiBL5dGB8m6pkg== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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Sat, 28 Aug 2021 17:42:20 +0000 Date: Sat, 28 Aug 2021 19:42:12 +0200 From: Javier To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Paritioning scheme on MBR disk doubts Message-ID: In-Reply-To: <20210827190208.4280496c@archlinux> References: <20210826203921.0d3537684706867aef1e30f9@sohara.org> <20210827071306.34e90c17@archlinux> <20210827190208.4280496c@archlinux> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.4.3 (GTK+ 2.10.14; i686-pc-mingw32) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-TMN: [of4RKMELzVd1FytbPUxlCfBgh1h8rIy5] X-ClientProxiedBy: MR1P264CA0053.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:501:3e::13) To MW4PR01MB6401.prod.exchangelabs.com (2603:10b6:303:67::11) X-Microsoft-Original-Message-ID: <20210828194212.c54687bba791577727cae1a3@outlook.es> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-Exchange-MessageSentRepresentingType: 1 Received: from localhost (62.57.107.98) by MR1P264CA0053.FRAP264.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:501:3e::13) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_0, cipher=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA) id 15.20.4457.17 via Frontend Transport; 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dkim=none; arc=pass ("microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1"); dmarc=pass (policy=none) header.from=outlook.es; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of nixlist@outlook.es designates 40.92.43.48 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=nixlist@outlook.es X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.80 / 15.00]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; ARC_ALLOW(-1.00)[microsoft.com:s=arcselector9901:i=1]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:40.92.0.0/15]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[outlook.es,none]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[40.92.43.48:from]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[outlook.es]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8075, ipnet:40.80.0.0/12, country:US]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; MAILMAN_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-questions]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[40.92.43.48:from] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.34 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 28 Aug 2021 17:42:29 -0000 On Fri, 27 Aug 2021 19:02:08 +0200 Ralf Mardorf wrote: > On Fri, 27 Aug 2021 16:02:35 +0200, Javier wrote: > >Anyway, all this makes me ask now... does FreeBSD have any kind of > >limitation I could suffer in the way the MBR implementation is > >setup/programmed? > > I'm not aware of limitation you need to worry about in real world > scenarios, other than... > > (I'm mainly a Linux multi-boot user. I migrated from GRUB legacy to > GRUB 2 to syslinux. However, in the past I also chainloaded FreeBSD. > All my old internal HDDs were, as well as my new internal SSDs and > external HDDs are <= 2 TiB MBR drives only.) Hi, thanks for the support answer. My concern was what I wrote in the initial mail, but the conversation was routed to these MBR possible issues I never found and that got weird ;) So doubts, I guess, solved. I have others related to the system itself, but may come some day when I face them. > ...the other day I read something scary. It's not related to an > operating system, bootloader or partitioning tool. It's a hardware > issue. > > Some mobo vendors have dropped legacy BIOS support, thus they > dropped booting an operating system from MBR formatted devices. > It's required to migrate from MBR to GPT for those drives, if there > is the need to replace a mobo, by another one that doesn't provide > a legacy BIOS option. IIRC the related Unified Extensible Firmware > Interface term for booting MBR partitions is "CSM support". Thanks to point this out. The same as some software isn't being released as 64-bit anymore, that would happen at some time too. Despite retro compatibility is a good thing, when MBR has limits on disk size and new disk sizes are getting larger and larger without opportunity to stick on less size disks, it is something that would happen in the end :/ Also new mobo usually means new socket, new CPU, new RAM, etc... so, maybe a disk with MBR is the less important if at least we keep tools to access the data. Regards.