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Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 08:37:24 +0900 (JST) From: bluesky Reply-To: bluesky To: xlsvx@yahoo.co.jp Cc: freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Message-ID: <172679147.1777437.1761176244469@mail.yahoo.co.jp> Subject: 14-stable src List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 References: <172679147.1777437.1761176244469.ref@mail.yahoo.co.jp> X-Spamd-Bar: --- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.41 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.93)[-0.935]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.58)[-0.579]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[yahoo.co.jp,quarantine]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:124.83.128.0/17]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[yahoo.co.jp:s=yahoocojp-202506]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; MIME_BASE64_TEXT(0.10)[]; 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Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 23:25:58 +0900 (JST) From: bluesky Reply-To: bluesky To: freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Message-ID: <783075527.76600.1761315958274@mail.yahoo.co.jp> In-Reply-To: <1508308973.1799269.1761251762675@mail.yahoo.co.jp> References: <172679147.1777437.1761176244469.ref@mail.yahoo.co.jp> <172679147.1777437.1761176244469@mail.yahoo.co.jp> <1508308973.1799269.1761251762675@mail.yahoo.co.jp> Subject: Re: Re: 14-stable src List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Spamd-Bar: / X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-0.87 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(1.00)[0.997]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[yahoo.co.jp,quarantine]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:124.83.128.0/17]; 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PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[users-jp@freebsd.org]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[] X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4ctjDt6Lbbz3jmS > FreeBSD 13.x $B$+$i(B 14.x $B$K%"%C%W%0%l!<%I$7$?$N$G$9$,!#(B > root $B$N(B $B%7%'%k(B $B$,I8=`$G$O(B /bin/csh $B$+$i(B /bin/sh $B$KJQ99(B POSIX (IEEE Std 1003.1) $B$K9g$o$;$k$3$H$K$7$?$N$G$O$J$$$G(B $B$7$g$&$+!)(B $BJ?NS(B $B9@0l(B From nobody Sat Oct 25 01:44:29 2025 X-Original-To: freebsd-users-jp@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4ctjHk5xF8z6DTgs for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 01:44:34 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) Received: from www121.sakura.ne.jp (www121.sakura.ne.jp [153.125.133.21]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4ctjHk1W02z3l1g for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 01:44:33 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none Received: from kalamity.joker.local (124-18-6-240.area1c.commufa.jp [124.18.6.240]) (authenticated bits=0) by www121.sakura.ne.jp (8.18.1/8.17.1/[SAKURA-WEB]/20201212) with ESMTPA id 59P1iU8S048745; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 10:44:30 +0900 (JST) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=dec.sakura.ne.jp; s=s2405; t=1761356670; bh=XXoxQqDMo9WXxLpTcOmVcuV5IUYbzV3k7nrwGl/2j28=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:In-Reply-To:References; b=swiGIgY31TzgFh8lt+6yw7i8UwEVc/lwnGjpX6U1bWpt7zwnQpaPt2QVpCtxL+wai Jd4IlkO+ymRGblekkWaKMm+j+FkRfbrYnFtlcrT9OuDS39J8SkGSKVFegzQxdAr+Mc 12KKMQEZ2htjQr8wC6r1U0b4IvwLwag9RnSiV5ks= Date: Sat, 25 Oct 2025 10:44:29 +0900 From: Tomoaki AOKI To: "Yamada,Kazuo" Cc: freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: root =?UTF-8?B?44Gu?= shell =?UTF-8?B?44Gr44Gk44GE44Gm?= Message-Id: <20251025104429.6ff3bb2f5991b3ae8b25fd15@dec.sakura.ne.jp> In-Reply-To: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> References: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> Organization: Junchoon corps X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd15.0) List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Spamd-Bar: ---- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; REPLY(-4.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7684, ipnet:153.125.128.0/18, country:JP] X-Rspamd-Pre-Result: action=no action; module=replies; Message is reply to one we originated X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4ctjHk1W02z3l1g On Sat, 25 Oct 2025 09:46:14 +0900 "Yamada,Kazuo" wrote: > やまだ＠越谷です。 > > 20年くらい前に、このMLに投稿して。 > 以後ROM専門でした。 > > Facebook の FreeBSDのグループでも質問したのですが。 > コメントが全くないので．．． > > FreeBSD 13.x から 14.x にアップグレードしたのですが。 > root の シェル が標準では /bin/csh から /bin/sh に変更されているようです。 > > アップグレード中に、パスワードファイルの編集画面になり。 > 選択をする必要があったので、/bin/sh は基本使う事ないので。（使うなら bash 使 > う） > /bin/csh の方にしたのですが。 > > どちらにするのが正解なんでしょうか？ > > -- > 0----+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----# > 山田 和雄 MailTo:yamada@yamarail.net > Yamada Kazuo 青木@名古屋です。 基本的に、正解は「baseにある（portsでない）ものならお好きなものを」 です。　ただ、今後Handbook等で操作例が掲載されるのはデフォルトの /bin/shになっていく（または/bin/cshの例が消されていく）可能性が 高いと思いますので、内部コマンドの違いに混乱しそうなら/bin/shに 変えるのも「あり」ではあります。 問題としては、20年前と比べると飛躍的に改善されたとはいえ、/bin/shの コマンドラインヒストリー周り等は未だ/bin/cshに及ばないので、一応 実用に近づいたとはいえストレスを感じる場面があるかと。 なお、釈迦に説法でしょうけれど、スクリプトを組む場合はPOSIXのshで 必須になって「いない」機能は使わないのが無難ですので、/bin/shの 方を使うのが正解（cshは文法からして違いますので...）ですから csh自体の設定ファイル群にだけcshを使用しましょう。 また、先に「baseにある（portsでない）ものなら」という縛りを 入れたのは、私の知る限り（あれば）STATICオプションを付けて ビルドしたとしても/usr/local/bin/以下にインストールされ、 STATICオプション無効（または存在しない）場合に至っては /usr/local/lib以下のライブラリに依存する場合すらあるので、 仮に/usr/local/を独立したパーティションにしていると何らかの 原因でマウントに失敗したら詰んでしまうこと、base側での 何らかの変更でportsから入れたものに障害が出る場合、対象に 含まれてしまう恐れがある（portsにあるシェル全てがテストして もらえるわけではありません）ため、これもまた詰むことがある からです。 なお、私はrootのシェルをzshにしていますが、FreeBSD自体は (t)cshだと思いこんでいます。　というのは、/etc/master.passwd では/bin/cshにしてあって、/root/.tcshrc.mineに if ( -X zsh && -f ~/.Use_zsh ) exec zsh の1行を入れてあり、/root/.Use_zshという空のファイルを作っておく ことで、パスの通ったところに実行可能な（attributeの付いた）zshが 存在し、なおかつ/root/.Use_zshが存在することでzshに乗っ取らせる ようにしているのです。　portsで更新したzshに不備があった場合以外は これでzshが見つからなくても(t)cshのまま使えます。 ※zshに問題が出ている場合、シングルユーザに落ちて/root/.Use_zshを 　消してしまえばいいので、セーフティネットが効きます。 ご参考になれば。 -- 青木 知明 [Tomoaki AOKI] From nobody Sat Oct 25 02:30:52 2025 X-Original-To: users-jp@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4ctkKF5fqhz6DZB1 for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 02:30:57 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) Received: from www121.sakura.ne.jp (www121.sakura.ne.jp [153.125.133.21]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4ctkKF0DWfz3qNc for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 02:30:55 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none Received: from kalamity.joker.local (124-18-6-240.area1c.commufa.jp [124.18.6.240]) (authenticated bits=0) by www121.sakura.ne.jp (8.18.1/8.17.1/[SAKURA-WEB]/20201212) with ESMTPA id 59P2UrYA054855; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 11:30:53 +0900 (JST) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=dec.sakura.ne.jp; s=s2405; t=1761359453; bh=voObfdCSKf3UelYMgGCPCm5V0AVhAzWe6gO0djF16ZY=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:In-Reply-To:References; b=Odad9c+DFRvPh/N2QfB1fW/9MAA5EGgbKggGzHARD4Bn7bxqmMdLZQN7MKosr0615 y0PITC1gOS762CplXzUlurI87uCdYYrHrp0QFT3tANuJ6LMINrA7fEpwmoEIve2+I9 e09+pL8TTBqzO6E25rsZHQ1cBQoAoDUlJGWc/TyU= Date: Sat, 25 Oct 2025 11:30:52 +0900 From: Tomoaki AOKI To: kh Cc: users-jp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: root =?UTF-8?B?44Gu?= shell =?UTF-8?B?44Gr44Gk44GE44Gm?= Message-Id: <20251025113052.ad7987e9079d0cd48b5d90bd@dec.sakura.ne.jp> In-Reply-To: <20251025104159.3a21a2aa436ea62455b96a7c@mogami.com> References: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> <20251025104159.3a21a2aa436ea62455b96a7c@mogami.com> Organization: Junchoon corps X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd15.0) List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Spamd-Bar: ---- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; REPLY(-4.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7684, ipnet:153.125.128.0/18, country:JP] X-Rspamd-Pre-Result: action=no action; module=replies; Message is reply to one we originated X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4ctkKF0DWfz3qNc On Sat, 25 Oct 2025 10:41:59 +0900 kh wrote: > > FreeBSD 13.x から 14.x にアップグレードしたのですが。 > > root の シェル が標準では /bin/csh から /bin/sh に変更 > > POSIX (IEEE Std 1003.1) に合わせることにしたのではないで > しょうか？ > > 平林 浩一 青木@名古屋です。 POSIXといえば、shに関して個人的にはMandatoryで規定して欲しい ことがあります。 ・コマンドラインからだろうとgettyからだろうとshebangからだろうと、 　/bin/shとして起動された場合はPOSIXで規定されていない動作を一切 　しない ということです。　これが強制されてくれればLinuxで公開されている スクリプト（何らかのソフトウェアに含まれるものも含む）で shebangは#!/bin/shなのにFreeBSDで（外部コマンドの有無や非互換は 別として）正常に動かないというportsメンテナ泣かせの事態が無く なるのが期待できるからです。 ※新規portsとしてPRが登録されたもので「動かない」「ビルドに失敗する」 　という報告が出てきて、蓋を開けてみたらパッチを登録した人がbashを 　使っていたというオチをみかけた記憶があります。　確か、bashに 　依存させてshebangfixを使って直していたかと。 要は、スクリプト内でBashの拡張機能を使用したければ明示的に #!/bin/bashなり#!/opt/bin/bashなりを指定する必要が生じて くれるので、コード全体を読み込んだり動かしてみたりしなくても 1行目で特定できます。 ※FreeBSDでもハードリンクなりで/bin/ashを用意して挙動を分ける 　必要が生じそうですが。 -- 青木 知明 [Tomoaki AOKI] From nobody Sat Oct 25 03:01:44 2025 X-Original-To: users-jp@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4ctl0p3yw2z6DdGY for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 03:01:46 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kh@mogami.com) Received: from eve.mogami.com (p95173-ipngnfx01marunouchi.tokyo.ocn.ne.jp [153.156.47.173]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4ctl0p0gYDz3tFd for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 03:01:46 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from kh@mogami.com) Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none Received: from eve.mogami.com (eve.mogami.com [192.168.3.3]) by eve.mogami.com (Postfix) with SMTP id BA8171CC74EB; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 12:01:44 +0900 (JST) Date: Sat, 25 Oct 2025 12:01:44 +0900 From: kh To: Tomoaki AOKI Cc: users-jp@freebsd.org Subject: Re: root =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCJE4bKEI=?= shell =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCJEskRCQkJEYbKEI=?= Message-Id: <20251025120144.4192dafcd665ca3c57364360@mogami.com> In-Reply-To: <20251025113052.ad7987e9079d0cd48b5d90bd@dec.sakura.ne.jp> References: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> <20251025104159.3a21a2aa436ea62455b96a7c@mogami.com> <20251025113052.ad7987e9079d0cd48b5d90bd@dec.sakura.ne.jp> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.1) List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-2022-JP Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Spamd-Bar: ---- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; REPLY(-4.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:4713, ipnet:153.128.0.0/10, country:JP] X-Rspamd-Pre-Result: action=no action; module=replies; Message is reply to one we originated X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4ctl0p0gYDz3tFd > POSIX$B$H$$$($P!"(Bsh$B$K4X$7$F8D?ME*$K$O(BMandatory$B$G5,Dj$7$FM_$7$$(B > $B$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B > > $B!&%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i$@$m$&$H(Bgetty$B$+$i$@$m$&$H(Bshebang$B$+$i$@$m$&$H!"(B > $B!!(B/bin/sh$B$H$7$F5/F0$5$l$?>l9g$O(BPOSIX$B$G5,Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$F0:n$r0l@Z(B > $B!!$7$J$$(B > > $B$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#(B $B;d$bF146$G$9!#(B $BJ?NS(B $B9@0l(B From nobody Sat Oct 25 12:11:18 2025 X-Original-To: freebsd-users-jp@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4ctzBz3g2nz6FDPD for ; 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Sat, 25 Oct 2025 21:11:17 +0900 (JST) (envelope-from yamada@yamarail.net) DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; bh=iUDlP4jm19acwURw7O27OtOIwKz8PslRfSJMQYJgquc=; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=yamarail.net; h=Date:From:To:Subject:Message-Id; s=rs20240606; t=1761394277; v=1; b=kiFroAJT5OBgzwoeczlfZLCvBXWVSvn4jXBnNNj/dWEPMVrT4DBihEt4ZUSEdN4O cZ591O3k7lLXWVU3S8um7h4hZK0CB36WW0em2eLXzPiRhRgVgiu/IIxnCTQNaVLk G1XlqSg4AN7Ic5JZDjRNIstKmBYnhIx2YiYXRkMdfN5kP+HgEsCqcYyTOcvEmZKR 8mPbrlLF98Iy5JeqgK84nQgTZtDZ/DTjMskDmXuZAInT22PUR8QhxhOTfApWn/Qd v2DjMepyShEdChtws4Qpt8o+wFDVwGrxHNi8bQ42eEMnEF0W99BWN/FryqVokPQI syHoCGZZpxInrllYtmIZlw== Date: Sat, 25 Oct 2025 21:11:18 +0900 From: "Yamada,Kazuo" To: freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: root =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCJE4bKEI=?= shell =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCJEskRCQkJEYbKEI=?= In-Reply-To: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> References: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> Message-Id: <20251025211029.D251.5C005573@yamarail.net> List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-2022-JP" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: Becky! ver. 2.82.01 [ja] X-Virus-Status: clean X-Anti-Virus-Server: fsav302.rs.sakura.ne.jp X-Spamd-Bar: --- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-1.000]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[yamarail.net,none]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+mx]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[yamarail.net:s=rs20240606]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; PREVIOUSLY_DELIVERED(0.00)[freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:9371, ipnet:49.212.0.0/16, country:JP]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; MLMMJ_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[yamarail.net:+] X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4ctzBx5zTlz3kCB $B$d$^$@!w1[C+$G$9!#(B $B2?L>$+$NJ}$+$i%3%a%s%HD:$-$^$7$?$,!#(B $BJ#?t4D6-$"$k$N$G!"%@%a85$G$A$g$C$H;n$7$F$_$^$7$?!#(B On Sat, 25 Oct 2025 09:46:14 +0900 "Yamada,Kazuo" wrote: > FreeBSD 13.x $B$+$i(B 14.x $B$K%"%C%W%0%l!<%I$7$?$N$G$9$,!#(B > root $B$N(B $B%7%'%k(B $B$,I8=`$G$O(B /bin/csh $B$+$i(B /bin/sh $B$KJQ99$5$l$F$$$k$h$&$G$9!#(B > > $B%"%C%W%0%l!<%ICf$K!"%Q%9%o!<%I%U%!%$%k$NJT=82hLL$K$J$j!#(B > $BA*Br$r$9$kI,MW$,$"$C$?$N$G!"(B/bin/sh $B$O4pK\;H$&;v$J$$$N$G!#!J;H$&$J$i(B bash $B;H(B > $B$&!K(B > /bin/csh $B$NJ}$K$7$?$N$G$9$,!#(B > > $B$I$A$i$K$9$k$N$,@52r$J$s$G$7$g$&$+!)(B freebsd-update $B$G%"%C%W%0%l!<%I$r9T$&$H!"(B /etc/passwd $B$NJT=82hLL!J(Bvipw$B$HF1$8MM$J%b%N!K$,=P$F$-$^$9$,!#(B $B$3$l$r(B 14.x $B$NJ}$rC1=c$KA*$V$H$H$s$G$b$J$$;v$K$J$j$^$9!#(B $B%Q%9%o!<%I$N%U%#!<%k%I$,$J$$$N$G!"(Broot $B$G%m%0%$%s=PMh$J$/$J$j$^$9!#(B su $B$H$+(B sudo $B$G(Broot$B8"8B$,$"$kA`:n=PMh$k$h$&$K$7$F$*$+$J$$$H!#(B $B$H$s$G$b$J$$;v!J(Broot$B8"8B$G$NA`:n=PMh$J$$!K$K$J$k$N$G!"Cm0U$,I,MW$G$9!#(B $B%m%0%$%s%7%'%k0JA0$NLdBj$G$9$M!#(B $B%Q%9%o!<%I$N%U%#!<%k%I$,$J$$$N$G$J$s$G$@$m$&$H;W$C$F$$$?$N$G$9$,!#(B $B$I$&$b$=$&$$$&;EMM!)$N$h$&$G$9!#(B 14.x$B$r:G=i$+$i%$%s%9%H!<%k$b0lEY$7$^$7$?$,!#(B $B$=$N>l9g$O(Broot$B$N%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$O(B /bin/sh $B$K$J$C$F$$$^$7$?!#(B root $B$N%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$r(B /bin/sh $B$K$5$l$?$$>l9g$O!#(B $B$"$kDxEY%"%C%W%0%l!<%I$7$F0BDj$7$?;~E@$G!#(B vipw $B$G=$@0$9$kJ}$,L5Fq$G$O$J$$$+$H!#(B -- 0----+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----# $B;3ED(B $BOBM:(B MailTo:yamada@yamarail.net Yamada Kazuo From nobody Sat Oct 25 14:09:59 2025 X-Original-To: freebsd-users-jp@mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mlmmj.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4cv1r34cx0z6FQtj for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 14:10:11 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) Received: from www121.sakura.ne.jp (www121.sakura.ne.jp [153.125.133.21]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4cv1r30Nj6z3xpw for ; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 14:10:10 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; none Received: from kalamity.joker.local (124-18-6-240.area1c.commufa.jp [124.18.6.240]) (authenticated bits=0) by www121.sakura.ne.jp (8.18.1/8.17.1/[SAKURA-WEB]/20201212) with ESMTPA id 59PE9xwD042056; Sat, 25 Oct 2025 23:10:01 +0900 (JST) (envelope-from junchoon@dec.sakura.ne.jp) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=dec.sakura.ne.jp; s=s2405; t=1761401401; bh=c7QKd9JJqSl8XuGGd3exq4LbrQD1A/0B38HUDyP4zmY=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:In-Reply-To:References; b=OzdO0CKcqps5X3btlrqXDX9Pgx0aEYjmBLUO2s3AC+d2Hk7Iv/ioRuiE6u+bv6A9y vnCnbvTk2XAoGUUA+YQv2SIL/7Iv/hYoKoK+RQ/wqs1OPKel/IUoLA1Qh9wNW8cLuF rJP5bfY/0s3+qpqT8Rxu7Ne6ttNUboof7Ze+jcOo= Date: Sat, 25 Oct 2025 23:09:59 +0900 From: Tomoaki AOKI To: "Yamada,Kazuo" Cc: freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: root =?UTF-8?B?44Gu?= shell =?UTF-8?B?44Gr44Gk44GE44Gm?= Message-Id: <20251025230959.88a10291af0564934f2740da@dec.sakura.ne.jp> In-Reply-To: <20251025211029.D251.5C005573@yamarail.net> References: <20251025094603.310B.5C005573@yamarail.net> <20251025211029.D251.5C005573@yamarail.net> Organization: Junchoon corps X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.33; amd64-portbld-freebsd15.0) List-Id: Discussion relevant to FreeBSD communities in Japan List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-users-jp List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-BeenThere: freebsd-users-jp@freebsd.org Sender: owner-freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Spamd-Bar: ---- X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-4.00 / 15.00]; REPLY(-4.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7684, ipnet:153.125.128.0/18, country:JP] X-Rspamd-Pre-Result: action=no action; module=replies; Message is reply to one we originated X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4cv1r30Nj6z3xpw On Sat, 25 Oct 2025 21:11:18 +0900 "Yamada,Kazuo" wrote: > やまだ＠越谷です。 > > 何名かの方からコメント頂きましたが。 > > 複数環境あるので、ダメ元でちょっと試してみました。 > > > On Sat, 25 Oct 2025 09:46:14 +0900 > "Yamada,Kazuo" wrote: > > > FreeBSD 13.x から 14.x にアップグレードしたのですが。 > > root の シェル が標準では /bin/csh から /bin/sh に変更されているようです。 > > > > アップグレード中に、パスワードファイルの編集画面になり。 > > 選択をする必要があったので、/bin/sh は基本使う事ないので。（使うなら bash 使 > > う） > > /bin/csh の方にしたのですが。 > > > > どちらにするのが正解なんでしょうか？ > > freebsd-update でアップグレードを行うと、 > /etc/passwd の編集画面（vipwと同じ様なモノ）が出てきますが。 > これを 14.x の方を単純に選ぶととんでもない事になります。 > > パスワードのフィールドがないので、root でログイン出来なくなります。 > su とか sudo でroot権限がある操作出来るようにしておかないと。 > とんでもない事（root権限での操作出来ない）になるので、注意が必要です。 > > ログインシェル以前の問題ですね。 > パスワードのフィールドがないのでなんでだろうと思っていたのですが。 > どうもそういう仕様？のようです。 > > 14.xを最初からインストールも一度しましたが。 > その場合はrootのログインシェルは /bin/sh になっていました。 > > root のログインシェルを /bin/sh にされたい場合は。 > ある程度アップグレードして安定した時点で。 > vipw で修整する方が無難ではないかと。 > > -- > 0----+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----# > 山田 和雄 MailTo:yamada@yamarail.net > Yamada Kazuo 青木@名古屋です。 /etc/passwdを編集して処理しようというのは危険です。 何かと混乱が見られがちなのですが、現状では、 ・FreeBSDそのものが認証に使用するのは/etc/spwd.db（シャドウパスワード） ・通常編集するのは/etc/master.passwdで、これを基に/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdbで 　/etc/spwd.dbを生成（vipwで操作するとここまで連続して対応） ・/etc/passwdはそれしか見に行かない（行けない）古のプログラムとの 　後方互換性維持のためお情で生成されるようになっている。 　（/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdbの-pオプション） という状況です。　/etc/master.passwdは/etc/passwdよりフィールド数も 多くなっています。 このあたり、passwd_mkdb(8)とpasswd(5)のman pageによく纏っています。 -- 青木 知明 [Tomoaki AOKI]