From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Apr 23 11:05:09 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D07537B401 for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 11:05:09 -0700 (PDT) Received: from mailgate5.cinetic.de (mailgate5.cinetic.de [217.72.192.165]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 399C443FCB for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 11:05:08 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from scire@web.de) Received: from web.de (fmomail01.dlan.cinetic.de [172.20.1.45]) SMTP id h3NI57q04071; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 20:05:07 +0200 Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2003 20:05:07 +0200 Message-Id: <200304231805.h3NI57q04071@mailgate5.cinetic.de> MIME-Version: 1.0 Organization: http://freemail.web.de/ From: "Rodrigo Readi" To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Precedence: fm-user Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2003 18:05:09 -0000 Dear Sirs! I am new to FreeBSD, and much more to this list, that I found nice because it seemed to be small. I hope my first questions are not too trivial. I would like to make a bootable floppy with a small kernel, with /etc, minimal provisory bin and sbin. The kernel should have some few drivers and support NFS client for having the resources in bin, sbin and other directories in a server on a local ethernet, as well as /home. The idea is to give this floppy to some windoze users in order that they taste FreeBSD without altering anything in their hard disks. Later I will try to do it in the normal way, booting from the net, but I want to try first with this "small bsd" concept and would thank you for any suggestion. Since I also want to learn how to adapt normal FreeBSD to specific purposes, I would preffer not to use PicoBSD, closedbsd and other small distributions. Today I did the following with a floppy: fdformat fd0 disklabel -B -w fd0 fd1440 newfs fd0a And this seemed to be enough to make a bootable floppy searching for "/kernel". Isn't fdisk necessary? Isn't "/boot/mbr" necessary? Are "/boot/boot1" and /boot/boot2" enough? With what is filled the sector 0 of the floppy? Where does normally go the files given with -b and -s in disklabel? If I want to have the kernel compressed as "/kernel.gz", do I need "/boot/loader"? I noted that ClosedBSD has it and decompress. I have also some general questions. A floppy has 80 cylinders, 2 heads, 18 sectors per track and 512 bytes per sector. Multiplying all these numbers and dividing by 1024 I get exactly 1440. Where is the boot sector? Is it one of these 2880=80*2*18 sectors? Or does a floppy has 1440+515K? An how are the cylinders, heads and sectors in a track numerated? beginning from 0 or from 1? It is clear from the manual that when fdisk asks for the size of the slice, it is the number of sectors, but what should be the entry for the beginning of the slice? The number of the first sector in it? Counted beginning from 0 or from 1? The command "disklabel -B -w fd0 fd1440" generated three partitions: a, b, c, all of the same size of the fd. I wanted that for a, and this is usual for c, but not for c: how do I make it of size 0? I also noted in ClosedBSD that they tar and compress "/etc" and that they used ""/sbin/tar -xzf" in "/etc/rc" for recover it. Is this a specially small version of tar? Where do I find small utilities for small bsds? Thanks, Rodrigo scire_AT_web_DOT_de ______________________________________________________________________________ UNICEF bittet um Spenden fur die Kinder im Irak! Hier online an UNICEF spenden: https://spenden.web.de/unicef/special/?mc=021101 From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Apr 23 17:08:43 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87BEE37B401 for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 17:08:43 -0700 (PDT) Received: from sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net (sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net [65.242.152.6]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 93FBC43FAF for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 17:08:42 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from jpb@sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net) Received: from sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net (localhost.v6.thrupoint.net [127.0.0.1]) by sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7FB64CDF for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 20:08:41 -0400 (EDT) Received: (from jpb@localhost)h3O08fWV056504 for freebsd-small@freebsd.org; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 20:08:41 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2003 20:08:41 -0400 From: Jim Brown To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20030424000841.GB56420@sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org References: <200304231805.h3NI57q04071@mailgate5.cinetic.de> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <200304231805.h3NI57q04071@mailgate5.cinetic.de> User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i Subject: Re: X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 00:08:43 -0000 * Rodrigo Readi [2003-04-23 14:05]: > > Dear Sirs! > > I am new to FreeBSD, and much more to this list, that I found nice > because it seemed to be small. I hope my first questions are not too > trivial. Manuel Kasper posted a 'minibsd' how-to a few weeks ago. His article is at: http://neon1.net/misc/minibsd.html Additional slashdot commentary: http://bsd.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/18/1947230&mode=thread&tid=122 These may help you get something closer to what you want. Best Regards, jpb === > > I would like to make a bootable floppy with a small kernel, with /etc, > minimal provisory bin and sbin. The kernel should have some few > drivers and support NFS client for having the resources in bin, sbin > and other directories in a server on a local ethernet, as well as > /home. The idea is to give this floppy to some windoze users in order > that they taste FreeBSD without altering anything in their hard > disks. Later I will try to do it in the normal way, booting from the > net, but I want to try first with this "small bsd" concept and would > thank you for any suggestion. Since I also want to learn how to adapt > normal FreeBSD to specific purposes, I would preffer not to use > PicoBSD, closedbsd and other small distributions. > > Today I did the following with a floppy: > > fdformat fd0 disklabel -B -w fd0 fd1440 newfs fd0a > > And this seemed to be enough to make a bootable floppy searching for > "/kernel". Isn't fdisk necessary? Isn't "/boot/mbr" necessary? Are > "/boot/boot1" and /boot/boot2" enough? With what is filled the sector > 0 of the floppy? Where does normally go the files given with -b and -s > in disklabel? > > If I want to have the kernel compressed as "/kernel.gz", do I need > "/boot/loader"? I noted that ClosedBSD has it and decompress. > > I have also some general questions. A floppy has 80 cylinders, 2 > heads, 18 sectors per track and 512 bytes per sector. Multiplying all > these numbers and dividing by 1024 I get exactly 1440. Where is the > boot sector? Is it one of these 2880=80*2*18 sectors? Or does a floppy > has 1440+515K? > > An how are the cylinders, heads and sectors in a track numerated? > beginning from 0 or from 1? It is clear from the manual that when > fdisk asks for the size of the slice, it is the number of sectors, but > what should be the entry for the beginning of the slice? The number of > the first sector in it? Counted beginning from 0 or from 1? > > The command "disklabel -B -w fd0 fd1440" generated three partitions: > a, b, c, all of the same size of the fd. I wanted that for a, and this > is usual for c, but not for c: how do I make it of size 0? > > I also noted in ClosedBSD that they tar and compress "/etc" and that > they used ""/sbin/tar -xzf" in "/etc/rc" for recover it. Is this a > specially small version of tar? Where do I find small utilities for > small bsds? > > Thanks, > Rodrigo > scire_AT_web_DOT_de > > > ______________________________________________________________________________ > UNICEF bittet um Spenden fur die Kinder im Irak! Hier online an > UNICEF spenden: https://spenden.web.de/unicef/special/?mc=021101 > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-small@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-small > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-small-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Apr 23 22:25:15 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54F1A37B401 for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 22:25:15 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ddba033.netstream.ch (ddba033.netstream.ch [62.65.128.33]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73FDC43F75 for ; Wed, 23 Apr 2003 22:25:14 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from mk@neon1.net) Received: from gw.adsl.ddn-ddn-133-253.netstream.ch ([80.238.133.253] helo=bss.neon1.net) by ddba033.netstream.ch with smtp (Exim 4.10) id 198ZEM-0002AC-00 for freebsd-small@freebsd.org; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 07:25:10 +0200 Received: (qmail 52472 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2003 05:25:06 -0000 Received: from localhost.neon1.net (HELO bss.neon1.net) (127.0.0.1) by localhost.neon1.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2003 05:25:06 -0000 Received: from 192.168.0.196 (SquirrelMail authenticated user mk) by bss.neon1.net with HTTP; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 07:25:06 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <57726.192.168.0.196.1051161906.squirrel@bss.neon1.net> In-Reply-To: <20030424000841.GB56420@sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net> References: <200304231805.h3NI57q04071@mailgate5.cinetic.de> <20030424000841.GB56420@sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net> Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 07:25:06 +0200 (CEST) From: "Manuel Kasper" To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org User-Agent: SquirrelMail/1.4.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1 X-Priority: 3 Importance: Normal Subject: Re: X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 05:25:15 -0000 > Manuel Kasper posted a 'minibsd' how-to a few > weeks ago. > > His article is at: > http://neon1.net/misc/minibsd.html Just thought I'd mention that I have decided to release a ready-made binary image (suitable for flashing on CF card etc.) of miniBSD soon as a convenience to those who are scared off by the amount of work associated by going through the whole guide or who don't want to do it over and over again as new versions of FreeBSD are released. I've also been thinking about setting up an automated website where you could pick all the options you want in your miniBSD image and have it generate a custom image for you on-the-fly. - Manuel From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Thu Apr 24 10:19:26 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EA07437B401 for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 10:19:26 -0700 (PDT) Received: from mailgate5.cinetic.de (mailgate5.cinetic.de [217.72.192.165]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B5A3343FB1 for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 10:19:25 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from scire@web.de) Received: from web.de (fmomail01.dlan.cinetic.de [172.20.1.45]) SMTP id h3OHJOq24455 for freebsd-small@freebsd.org; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 19:19:24 +0200 Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 19:19:24 +0200 Message-Id: <200304241719.h3OHJOq24455@mailgate5.cinetic.de> MIME-Version: 1.0 Organization: http://freemail.web.de/ From: "Rodrigo Readi" To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Precedence: fm-user Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: How to make the kernel small, smaller, smallest? X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 17:19:27 -0000 Thanks for your answers to my previous posting. Manuels's Article about minibsd contains indeed a lot of interesting matters, but it is unfortunately not for my purpose: I want a minimal FreeBSD in one, at most two, floppies that allows me to start an Xserver over a NFS. PicoBSD is more for my purposes, thanks Bruce for your notes. Now I have a new question: how to build a very small kernel? Today I threw a lot away from the GENERIG config file, but inspite of it, it compiled a lot of functions (modules?) that dont seem usefull to me. At the end I had a little more than 2MB, gzipped a half of it. I put it in my bootfloppy with the loader, and booted from it, the machine asked for a device with the root directory, and I put a floppy with sh, init and getty, but it hang (perhaps I forgot login). Then I tried with oinit of picobsd, but the process died (error "signal 6"). Am I doing something wrong? Thanks, Rodrigo. ______________________________________________________________________________ UNICEF bittet um Spenden fur die Kinder im Irak! Hier online an UNICEF spenden: https://spenden.web.de/unicef/special/?mc=021101 From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Thu Apr 24 10:37:23 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D11F37B401 for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 10:37:23 -0700 (PDT) Received: from sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net (sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net [65.242.152.6]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8CD343FAF for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 10:37:22 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from jpb@sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net) Received: from sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net (localhost.v6.thrupoint.net [127.0.0.1]) by sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5472C4CF9 for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 13:37:22 -0400 (EDT) Received: (from jpb@localhost)h3OHbMWt066589 for freebsd-small@freebsd.org; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 13:37:22 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 13:37:22 -0400 From: Jim Brown To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Message-ID: <20030424173722.GB66567@sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net> Mail-Followup-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org References: <200304241719.h3OHJOq24455@mailgate5.cinetic.de> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <200304241719.h3OHJOq24455@mailgate5.cinetic.de> User-Agent: Mutt/1.4.1i Subject: Re: How to make the kernel small, smaller, smallest? X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 17:37:23 -0000 * Rodrigo Readi [2003-04-24 13:19]: > Thanks for your answers to my previous posting. Manuels's Article about > minibsd contains indeed a lot of interesting matters, but it is > unfortunately not for my purpose: I want a minimal FreeBSD in one, at > most two, floppies that allows me to start an Xserver over a > NFS. PicoBSD is more for my purposes, thanks Bruce for your notes. For a diskless X server article see: http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/diskless-x/index.html Or, since you already have a working network, perhaps you would be better off booting over the network- see Alfred Perlsteins PXE boot article at: http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pxe/index.html > > Now I have a new question: how to build a very small kernel? Today I > threw a lot away from the GENERIG config file, but inspite of it, it > compiled a lot of functions (modules?) that dont seem usefull to > me. At the end I had a little more than 2MB, gzipped a half of it. I > put it in my bootfloppy with the loader, and booted from it, the > machine asked for a device with the root directory, and I put a floppy > with sh, init and getty, but it hang (perhaps I forgot login). Then I > tried with oinit of picobsd, but the process died (error "signal > 6"). Am I doing something wrong? > > Thanks, Rodrigo. > > > ______________________________________________________________________________ > UNICEF bittet um Spenden fur die Kinder im Irak! Hier online an > UNICEF spenden: https://spenden.web.de/unicef/special/?mc=021101 > > _______________________________________________ > freebsd-small@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-small > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-small-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > jpb === From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Thu Apr 24 15:15:02 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1256E37B401 for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 15:15:02 -0700 (PDT) Received: from voo.doo.net (voo.doo.net [81.17.45.210]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 14C6C43FB1 for ; Thu, 24 Apr 2003 15:15:00 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from marc@schneiders.org) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by voo.doo.net (8.12.8/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h3OMErJe095121; Fri, 25 Apr 2003 00:14:55 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from marc@schneiders.org) Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2003 00:14:53 +0200 (CEST) From: Marc Schneiders Sender: To: Rodrigo Readi In-Reply-To: <200304241719.h3OHJOq24455@mailgate5.cinetic.de> Message-ID: <20030425000438.O90079-100000@voo.doo.net> X-Preferred-email-to: marc@schneiders.org X-Other-email-to: marc@venster.nl X-Organization: Venster (Zeist - NL) X-URL: http://www.bijt.net/ X-SOA: A.ROOT-SERVERS.ORSC. X-OS: FreeBSD: The Power to Serve MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII cc: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Subject: Re: How to make the kernel small, smaller, smallest? X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2003 22:15:02 -0000 On Thu, 24 Apr 2003, at 19:19 [=GMT+0200], Rodrigo Readi wrote: > Thanks for your answers to my previous posting. Manuels's Article about > minibsd contains indeed a lot of interesting matters, but it is > unfortunately not for my purpose: I want a minimal FreeBSD in one, at > most two, floppies that allows me to start an Xserver over a > NFS. PicoBSD is more for my purposes, thanks Bruce for your notes. > > Now I have a new question: how to build a very small kernel? Today I > threw a lot away from the GENERIG config file, but inspite of it, it > compiled a lot of functions (modules?) that dont seem usefull to > me. At the end I had a little more than 2MB, Is this just the kernel or also the modules? I think all modules are built, but they are not in the kernel then. So I think you don't need to worry. If your kernel is 2MB, there must be more to cut. Mine are 1870295 and 1862058 and they could lose some things. Obviously you don't need any ata or scsi stuff, no ISO9660 filesystem etc. There is a lot you can cut. INET6 if you don't use that. NFS takes up lots of kernel bytes, but you need that, right? Same probably with printer port, usb maybe? About 2 years ago I looked into this a bit and built something really small, to run on a laptop with 4 MB RAM. That must have been before the GENERIC kernel got slightly fatter. It was 1.3MB or little under. I am not an expert at all on kernel 'hacking'. I know no C whatsoever. I just tried things. And when the kernel doesn't boot, well put the option back in you just took out and rebuild. If you build it on a recent machine it goes pretty fast these days. From owner-freebsd-small@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Apr 25 01:21:51 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9174937B401 for ; Fri, 25 Apr 2003 01:21:51 -0700 (PDT) Received: from nebula.skynet.be (nebula.skynet.be [195.238.2.112]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39DBC43F85 for ; Fri, 25 Apr 2003 01:21:50 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from ahb@skynet.be) Received: from skynet.be (29.201-200-80.adsl.skynet.be [80.200.201.29]) id h3P8LXCq019680; Fri, 25 Apr 2003 10:21:33 +0200 (envelope-from ) Message-ID: <3EA8EFF7.7060902@skynet.be> Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2003 10:21:11 +0200 From: Alexandre User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; FreeBSD i386; en-US; rv:1.3b) Gecko/20030416 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Marc Schneiders References: <20030425000438.O90079-100000@voo.doo.net> In-Reply-To: <20030425000438.O90079-100000@voo.doo.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit cc: freebsd-small@freebsd.org Subject: Re: How to make the kernel small, smaller, smallest? X-BeenThere: freebsd-small@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: Dedicated and Embedded Systems List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2003 08:21:52 -0000 Actually as far as PicoBSD goes the easiest in the beggining is to just copy the bridge folder into a new one Do your kernel modifications but in your crunch.conf don't change anything if you are not certain what you need (except maybe for the sh tinyware) 'cos you will need a lot more than just sh and init (You need tools to decompress the kernel, and if your root file system is not together woth the mfs the it needs to be mounted). Then once that's done start removing program from crunch.conf patiently, reading the manuals and so on. Oinit is not the best choice, it does not provide password login, so if your box is to be connected to the net not good. here is the example of a kerner file (size here big cos is used over etherboot), also there is no mouse or keyboard support, nor video, it boots up via the serial port. # # $FreeBSD: src/release/picobsd/router/PICOBSD,v 1.6.2.3 2002/03/13 18:16:53 luigi Exp $ # #Line starting with #PicoBSD contains PicoBSD build parameters #marker def_sz init MFS_inodes floppy_inodes #PicoBSD 10000 init 4096 32768 options MD_ROOT_SIZE=10000 machine i386 cpu I486_CPU ident PICOBSD maxusers 1 options MATH_EMULATE #Support for x87 emulation options INET #InterNETworking options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!] options MFS #Memory Filesystem options MD_ROOT #MFS as root options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!] options USERCONFIG #boot -c editor options NO_SWAPPING device isa0 device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13 device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4 device sio1 at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3 options CONSPEED=19200 device ep0 at isa? #port 0x300 irq 10 pseudo-device loop pseudo-device ether pseudo-device pty 16 pseudo-device md Marc Schneiders wrote: >On Thu, 24 Apr 2003, at 19:19 [=GMT+0200], Rodrigo Readi wrote: > > > >>Thanks for your answers to my previous posting. Manuels's Article about >>minibsd contains indeed a lot of interesting matters, but it is >>unfortunately not for my purpose: I want a minimal FreeBSD in one, at >>most two, floppies that allows me to start an Xserver over a >>NFS. PicoBSD is more for my purposes, thanks Bruce for your notes. >> >>Now I have a new question: how to build a very small kernel? Today I >>threw a lot away from the GENERIG config file, but inspite of it, it >>compiled a lot of functions (modules?) that dont seem usefull to >>me. At the end I had a little more than 2MB, >> >> > >Is this just the kernel or also the modules? I think all modules are >built, but they are not in the kernel then. So I think you don't need >to worry. > >If your kernel is 2MB, there must be more to cut. Mine are 1870295 and >1862058 and they could lose some things. Obviously you don't need any >ata or scsi stuff, no ISO9660 filesystem etc. There is a lot you can >cut. INET6 if you don't use that. NFS takes up lots of kernel bytes, >but you need that, right? Same probably with printer port, usb maybe? > >About 2 years ago I looked into this a bit and built something really >small, to run on a laptop with 4 MB RAM. That must have been before >the GENERIC kernel got slightly fatter. It was 1.3MB or little under. > >I am not an expert at all on kernel 'hacking'. I know no C whatsoever. >I just tried things. And when the kernel doesn't boot, well put the >option back in you just took out and rebuild. If you build it on a >recent machine it goes pretty fast these days. > > >_______________________________________________ >freebsd-small@freebsd.org mailing list >http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-small >To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-small-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > > > >