From owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jan 14 09:46:50 2007 Return-Path: X-Original-To: questions@freebsd.org Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [69.147.83.52]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 422B416A412 for ; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 09:46:50 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ldrada@gmail.com) Received: from py-out-1112.google.com (py-out-1112.google.com [64.233.166.183]) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03DFE13C441 for ; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 09:46:49 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ldrada@gmail.com) Received: by py-out-1112.google.com with SMTP id f31so609441pyh for ; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 01:46:49 -0800 (PST) DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:message-id:date:from:to:subject:cc:in-reply-to:mime-version:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:content-disposition:references; b=RBmkfKt8XhmaZFC7eBzlXw0EZCU9H++TWjaem6q5wY+f8p3aH5fVRbQamPshFJZBkOnEZnNdRwFViNmiE+A0Tk4rFAin18uvHO/fAs6H4NnNgFzDna9OVR9z/AJl9gdq71wwg1ter4dpOgeM/bicd0+eOCeDbiIsbtc4Mv0PoMc= Received: by 10.35.74.1 with SMTP id b1mr4662349pyl.1168768009308; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 01:46:49 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.35.76.15 with HTTP; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 01:46:48 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: <5ceb5d550701140146h11c0aab0g26c70297cdad3a59@mail.gmail.com> Date: Sun, 14 Jan 2007 10:46:48 +0100 From: "Daniel A." To: "Jerry McAllister" , "Andrew Pantyukhin" In-Reply-To: <20070114005135.GA15485@gizmo.acns.msu.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline References: <5ceb5d550701131508t2922edccw5c4ff5c769012aa7@mail.gmail.com> <20070114005135.GA15485@gizmo.acns.msu.edu> Cc: FreeBSD Questions Subject: Re: Put /usr on a different drive X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.5 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 14 Jan 2007 09:46:50 -0000 On 1/14/07, Jerry McAllister wrote: > On Sun, Jan 14, 2007 at 12:08:13AM +0100, Daniel A. wrote: > > > Hi, > > I'm wondering if someone could point me in the right direction of > > moving the entire /usr partition to a second hard disk, given that I > > am on an existing (newly installed) install of FreeBSD. > > > > Also, is it possible to specify something like this during the > > installation itself? > > It is quite possible, but not quite as convenient as it could be if > you are not familiar with the installer. > > > > > > Any possible google queries, links, articles, et cetera are warmly > > welcomed. I've tried throwing a few keywords at google, but it all > > returns off topic pages. > > In the last six months I have posted fairly complete ways of > doing this several times on this list. It is easy. I suggest > you look throught the FreeBSD questions archives. Most of my posts > assume things are being moved to an existing file system, but > the process is the same. > > First, you should look at what is using up space in your /usr filesystem. > It may be that something is growing in a way you do no want. > For that, use the 'du' command something like: > cd /usr > du -sk * > Cd in to any directory that seems unreasonable and repeat the du to > narrow things down. > > One thing that is often done, but I don't recommend is putting > user accounts and other things that can grow unexpectedly in to /usr. > I make a separate file system for user accounts, generally using > the /home mount point. I also put /usr/ports in a different file system. > > If you finally decide that you do need to add a disk - a very real > possibility - then choose a good quality drive of the same general > type your already have - SCSI, IDE/SATA, SAS - aind physicaly install it. > > Boot the machine and look for in dmesg. > It will either show up as dann or adnn where nn is a device number. > It will be da for SCSI or ad for IDE family. The first drive will be 0 > the second will be 1, etc. Probably your boot drive is 0 and the > one you add will be 1. If they are IDE then ad0 and ad1. > > Next, take a look at the drive with fdisk. Presuming it is ad1, do: > fdisk ad1 > > It should find the disk and think everything is in slice 1 unless the > disk was formerly used in a different system, in which case it should > see the disk, but stuff may be spread ofer up to 4 slices (occasionally > miscalled partitions). > > My examples the new drive is IDE family and is the second disk. > You can make sure everything that might be left on it is effectively > wiped out by doing: > dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad1 bs=512 count=65 > > Then, to make the disk usable you need to do an fdisk, bsdlabel and newfs. > Presuming you will use the whole disk for /usr (maybe you will really > want to use it in a more complex way, but the process is essentially > the same) and presuming you don't want to make the drive bootable - and > install an OS on it in a separate root, then > The fdisk creates the slice table and writes sector 0. > fdisk -I ad1 > writes one single slice containing all the usable space on the drive. > > NOTE, although drives are numbered 0-nn, slices are numbered 1-4. > Then you need to create a label in slice 1 > bsdlabel -w ad1s1 > creates the initial label - note the additional 's1' to specify the slice. > > Now, divide up the slice in to partitions. > In this I am presuming you want a single large partition. > Use the bsdlabel in edit mode. > bsdlabel -e ad1s1 > > You will be put in a vi edit session unless you have a different > default editor specified in an environment variable. > > That will bring up a screen with the slice label as it currently is. > Ignore all the stuff specifying drive specs. > For one partition, change only one field. > There should be a line starting with 'a:' > Change it so it looks like: > a: * 0 4.2BSD 2048 16384 32776 > > Leave the line that starts 'c:' as is. > > But, if it doesn't give you an 'a:' line, copy the 'c:' line > and use it and just replace the size field with the '*' > You don't really need to change the fsize, bsize and bps fields, but > suggest you make them as I have them above. > > Then you have to create a file system on that partition. > Do that with newfs. > > newfs /dev/ad1s1a > > Newfs needs the full device spec as above. > > now you can mount and write to the filesystem. > I'd suggest you do this next stuff in single user mode, but > it isn't absolutely essential. > Make a temporary mount point and mount it. > mkdir /newusr > mount /dev/ad1s1a /newusr > > Copy the existing /usr to the new space, probably using tar > I use an interim file, but you can use pipes. > If your current /usr is really a whole partition in and of itself, > then I would use dump/restore instead of tar for this > cd /usr > tar cvpf /newusr/usr.tar * > cd /newusr > tar xvpf usr.tar > > The 'v' flag is not essential, but gives you the confidence > something is happening. > > Using dump/restore instead of tar, do: > > cd /newusr > dump 0af - | restore -rf - > > Now, get rid of the old /usr and make it use the new one. > > cd / > mv usr oldusr > umount /newusr > mount /dev/ad1s1a /usr > > Check everything out and then delete obsolete stuff > cd / > rm -rm oldusr > cd /usr > rm usr.tar (of course, if you don't usr tar, there will be no tar file) > > Modify /etc/fstab so it will mount things correctly on bootup. > > Put a line there like: > > /dev/ad1s1a /usr ufs rw 2 2 > > Then reboot and things should be just hunkie-dori. > > Next time, do a little archive searching, too. > Plus, all of everything I wrote here other than a few extra comments > is directly out of the man pages for fdisk, bsdlabel and newfs. > So, read through them carefully. > > > ////jerry > > > > > > Sincerely, > > Daniel A. > > _______________________________________________ > > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe@freebsd.org" > That sounds absolutely fantastic! I did think over just copying the contents and then mounting the drive as /usr, but I was unsure if doing it so simple would break something. Apparently it wont, if I just do it in single-user mode? Anyway, now that I've got that settled, would anyone recommend me what to do with the now empty space in ad0? My current layout is like this: ad0 - 60GB 1gb swap 520M / 520M /tmp 55G /usr 1.5G /var ad1 - 120GB (Currently only one partition, occupying full drive) Once I move my /usr to ad1, I'll have 55 gigabytes of space available on ad0, and nowhere to put it. I've thought of assigning that space to /var, but 55G would be overkill for a little home server like mine, don't you think? Maybe I should just assign ad1 to /home, which is basically the one place where I use most disk space? Oh snap, never mind answering this email. I think that is exactly what I'll do! And thanks for the replies, Jerry and Andrew. -- Sincerely, Daniel A. A. dienub.org