Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2004 01:28:58 +0900 (JST) From: hoanga@mac.com To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org Subject: docs/63310: Configuring Static Routes example for Handbook Message-ID: <20040224162858.D83452E0BF@samsara.bebear.net> Resent-Message-ID: <200402241630.i1OGUH4L059771@freefall.freebsd.org>
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>Number: 63310
>Category: docs
>Synopsis: Configuring Static Routes example for Handbook
>Confidential: no
>Severity: non-critical
>Priority: low
>Responsible: freebsd-doc
>State: open
>Quarter:
>Keywords:
>Date-Required:
>Class: update
>Submitter-Id: current-users
>Arrival-Date: Tue Feb 24 08:30:17 PST 2004
>Closed-Date:
>Last-Modified:
>Originator: Al Hoang
>Release: FreeBSD 5.2.1-RC2 i386
>Organization:
Doctor M
>Environment:
System: FreeBSD samsara 5.2.1-RC2 FreeBSD 5.2.1-RC2 #1: Wed Feb 18 23:23:59 JST 2004 root@samsara:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/SAMSARA i386
>Description:
How to configure static routes in FreeBSD for the Handbook
>How-To-Repeat:
>Fix:
Setting up static routes
Setting up static routes in FreeBSD
Manual configuration
Let's assume you have a network as follows:
INTERNET
| (10.0.0.1/24) Default Router to Internet
|
|Interface xl0
|10.0.0.10/24
+------+
| | Router A
| | (FreeBSD gateway)
+------+
| Interface xl1
| 192.168.1.1/24
|
+--------------------------------+
Internal Net 1 | 192.168.1.2/24
|
+------+
| | Router B
| |
+------+
| 192.168.2.1/24
|
Internal Net 2
In this scenario, Router A is our FreeBSD machine that
is acting as a router to the rest of the Internet. It
has a default route set to 10.0.0.1 which allows it to
connect with the outside world. We will assume that
Router B is already configured properly and knows how
to get wherever it needs to go. (This is simple in this
picture. Just add a default route on B using 192.168.1.1
as the gateway).
If we look at the routing table for A we would
see something like the following:
% netstat -nr
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default 10.0.0.1 UGS 0 49378 xl0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6 lo0
10.0.0/24 link#1 UC 0 0 xl0
192.168.1/24 link#2 UC 0 0 xl1
With the current routing table. A will not be able to reach our
Internal Net 2. It does not have a route for 192.168.2.0/24. One
way to alleviate this is to manually add the route add. The
following command would add the Internal Net 2 network to
A's routing table using 192.168.1.2 as the next hop.
% route add network 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2
Now A can reach any hosts on the 192.168.2.0/24 network.
Persistent Configuration
The above example is great for configuring a static route on
a running system. However, one problem is that the routing
information will not persist if you reboot your FreeBSD machine.
The way to handle adding a static route is to put it in your
/etc/rc.conf file.
Example configuration:
# Add Internal Net 2 as a static route
static_routes="internalnet2"
route_internalnet2="network 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"
The static_routes configuration variable is a list of strings
seperated by a space. The string references to another
configuration variable that will be named route_.......
In our above example we only have one string in static_routes.
This string is internalnet2. We then need a configuration
variable called route_internalnet2 where we add all of
the configuration parameters we would give to the route command.
For our example above we would have used the command
% route add network 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2
So we need "network 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2".
We could have more than one string in static_routes. This
would allow us to create multiple static routes. The
following snippet shows an example of adding
static routes for the 192.168.0.0/24 and 192.168.1.0/24
on an imaginary router.
the following:
static_routes="net1 net2"
route_net1="network 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1"
route_net2="network 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1"
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