Date: Fri, 28 Nov 1997 16:54:16 -0500 (EST) From: "Adrian T. Filipi-Martin" <atf3r@cs.virginia.edu> To: Jacques Hugo <jacques@wired.ctech.ac.za> Cc: questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: 2>&1 ??? Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.971128164445.4732A-100000@mamba.cs.Virginia.EDU> In-Reply-To: <347E7CEE.41C67EA6@wired.ctech.ac.za>
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On Fri, 28 Nov 1997, Jacques Hugo wrote:
> Hi there ...
>
> What exacltly does this means under sh/bash:
> do something 2>&1 wherever.
>
> What does the 2>&1 do and where can you use
> other vatiations with it?
>& is a redirection operator of the shell, just like >, <, |, etc.
${fd1}>&${fd2} duplicates the output file descriptor on the right, ${fd2},
onto the file descriptor on the left, ${fd1}. Thus, 2>&1, duplictes the
stdout file descriptor onto the stderr one. The net result is that
anything your redirected pogram writes to stderr/2 will actually appear on
stdout/1.
This is useful if you have error output and you want to use a
pager like more or less. e.g. "patch -p < patchfile 2>&1 | more".
You can find more in the bash manpage under "REDIRECTION" section.
You might also take a look at the dup2(2) man page.
> Thanks
> -Jacques
>
> ------------------------------------------------------
> The box said "Requires Windows 3.1 or better"
> ... so I got BSD
^^^^^ hehe. cute!
Adrian
--
adrian@virginia.edu ---->>>>| If I were stranded on a desert island, and
System Administrator --->>>| I could only have one OS for my computer,
Neurosurgical Visualzation Lab -->>| it would be FreeBSD. Think about it.....
http://www.nvl.virginia.edu/ ->| http://www.freebsd.org/
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