From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Oct 23 01:15:21 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1FB3B305; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:15:21 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dru@FreeBSD.org) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 0B0F4265E; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:15:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id r9N1FKcq037938; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:15:20 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from dru@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id r9N1FK9C037937; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:15:20 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201310230115.r9N1FK9C037937@svn.freebsd.org> From: Dru Lavigne Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:15:20 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43024 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.14 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:15:21 -0000 Author: dru Date: Wed Oct 23 01:15:20 2013 New Revision: 43024 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43024 Log: Minor edits to the sections on Shells and Manual Pages. These sections are correct, though a bit on the light side. Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Tue Oct 22 20:37:06 2013 (r43023) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Wed Oct 23 01:15:20 2013 (r43024) @@ -3143,7 +3143,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free shells command line - &os; provides a command line interface called a shell. A + A shell provides a command line interface for interacting with the operating system. A shell receives commands from the input channel and executes them. Many shells provide built in functions to help with everyday tasks such as file management, file globbing, command @@ -3162,8 +3162,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free One common shell feature is filename completion. After a user types the first few letters of a command or filename and - presses Tab, the shell will automatically - complete the rest of the command or filename. Consider two + presses Tab, the shell automatically + completes the rest of the command or filename. Consider two files called foobar and foo.bar. To delete foo.bar, type rm @@ -3177,7 +3177,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free is more than one match. Both foobar and foo.bar start with fo. By typing ., then pressing - Tab again, the shell would be able to fill in + Tab again, the shell is able to fill in the rest of the filename. environment variables @@ -3186,10 +3186,13 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free variables. Environment variables are a variable/key pair stored in the shell's environment. This environment can be read by any program invoked by the shell, and thus contains a lot of program - configuration. Here is a list of common environment variables - and their meanings: + configuration. Table 4.3 provides a list of common environment variables + and their meanings. Note that the names of environment + variables are always in uppercase. + + + Common Environment Variables - @@ -3253,7 +3256,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free PAGER - The user's preferred text pager. + The user's preferred utility for viewing text one + page at a time. @@ -3263,7 +3267,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free - +
Bourne shells @@ -3294,9 +3298,9 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free meta-character is *, which represents any number of characters in a filename. Meta-characters can be used to perform filename globbing. For example, - echo * is equivalent to &man.ls.1; because + echo * is equivalent to ls because the shell takes all the files that match * - and &man.echo.1; lists them on the command line. + and echo lists them on the command line. To prevent the shell from interpreting a special character, escape it from the shell by starting it with a backslash @@ -3306,13 +3310,13 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free string $TERM. - Changing Your Shell + Changing the Shell The easiest way to permanently change the default shell is to use chsh. Running this command will open the editor that is configured in the EDITOR environment variable, which by default - is set to &man.vi.1;. Change the Shell: line + is set to &man.vi.1;. Change the Shell: line to the full path of the new shell. Alternately, use chsh -s which will set @@ -3332,7 +3336,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free &prompt.root; echo /usr/local/bin/bash >> /etc/shells - Then rerun &man.chsh.1;. + Then, rerun &man.chsh.1;. @@ -3362,7 +3366,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free filename is the name of the file to be edited. Once inside the editor, all of the commands for manipulating the editor's functions are listed at the top of the - display. The caret ^ represents + display. The caret (^) represents Ctrl, so ^e expands to Ctrle. @@ -3372,33 +3376,28 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free modified. - &man.vi.1; + vi editors - &man.vi.1; emacs - - editors - emacs - &os; also comes with more powerful text editors, such as &man.vi.1;, as part of the base system. Other editors, like editors/emacs and editors/vim, are part of the &os; Ports Collection. These editors offer more functionality - at the expense of being a more complicated to learn. Learning a + at the expense of being more complicated to learn. Learning a more powerful editor such as vim or Emacs can save more time in the long run. Many applications which modify files or require typed input - will automatically open a text editor. To alter the default - editor used, set the EDITOR environment + will automatically open a text editor. To change the default + editor, set the EDITOR environment variable as described in . @@ -3423,10 +3422,7 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free - For More Information - - - Manual Pages + Manual Pages manual pages @@ -3444,8 +3440,9 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free &prompt.user; man ls - The online manual is divided into numbered - sections: + Manual pages are divided into sections which represent the type of topic. In &os;, + the following + sections are available: @@ -3481,13 +3478,13 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free - Kernel developers. + System kernel interfaces. In some cases, the same topic may appear in more than one section of the online manual. For example, there is a - &man.chmod.1; user command and a + chmod user command and a chmod() system call. To tell &man.man.1; which section to display, specify the section number: @@ -3499,8 +3496,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free written documentation, so &man.chmod.1; refers to the user command and &man.chmod.2; refers to the system call. - If the command name is unknown, use man - -k to search for keywords in the command + If the name of the manual page is unknown, use man + -k to search for keywords in the manual page descriptions: &prompt.user; man -k mail @@ -3509,19 +3506,17 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free keyword mail in their descriptions. This is equivalent to using &man.apropos.1;. - To determine what the commands in - /usr/bin do, + To read the descriptions for the commands in + /usr/bin, type: &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin -&prompt.user; man -f * +&prompt.user; man -f * | more or &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin -&prompt.user; whatis * - - +&prompt.user; whatis * |more GNU Info Files