From owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Sep 17 06:41:50 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8E19F16A4BF for ; Wed, 17 Sep 2003 06:41:50 -0700 (PDT) Received: from smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk (happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk [81.2.69.218]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6284B44005 for ; Wed, 17 Sep 2003 06:41:46 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from m.seaman@infracaninophile.co.uk) Received: from happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk (localhost [127.0.0.1]) h8HDeceC085543 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO); Wed, 17 Sep 2003 14:41:36 +0100 (BST) (envelope-from matthew@happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk) Received: (from matthew@localhost)h8HDecNH085542; Wed, 17 Sep 2003 14:40:38 +0100 (BST) (envelope-from matthew) Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2003 14:40:38 +0100 From: Matthew Seaman To: Charles Howse Message-ID: <20030917134038.GA85377@happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk> Mail-Followup-To: Matthew Seaman , Charles Howse , 'lrnobs' , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: <01ab01c37d1d$d671ed60$6400a8c0@NCSXP> <002701c37d1e$5fa781d0$04fea8c0@moe> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="2oS5YaxWCcQjTEyO" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <002701c37d1e$5fa781d0$04fea8c0@moe> User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.4i X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-11.4 required=5.0 tests=AWL,BAYES_00,EMAIL_ATTRIBUTION,IN_REP_TO,PGP_SIGNATURE_2, QUOTED_EMAIL_TEXT,REFERENCES,REPLY_WITH_QUOTES, USER_AGENT_MUTT autolearn=ham version=2.55 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.55 (1.174.2.19-2003-05-19-exp) cc: 'lrnobs' cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: How to shut down X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2003 13:41:50 -0000 --2oS5YaxWCcQjTEyO Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Wed, Sep 17, 2003 at 08:19:49AM -0500, Charles Howse wrote: > > I am a new user learning about Unix. > >=20 > > I found the shutdown command and have been using "shutdown=20 > > now" to shut down > > before powering off. > >=20 > > When the pc boots up it complains that it was incorrectly shut down. > >=20 > > Am I following an incorrect procedure? >=20 > 'shutdown now' will take you to single user mode. > This is not what you want if you're ready to power off. > Use 'shutdown -h now' and wait for the 'press any key to reboot' prompt > before you power off. > To reboot, use 'shutdown -r now'. If you do forget the flags to shutdown, and end up in single user mode, then you can just type 'halt' to take the machine all the way down to a state where you can hit the power button. 'halt -p' will attempt to power down the machine as well, but that depends on what sort of motherboard you have and whether you've compiled appropriate support into your kernel. The error you see is due to the filesystems not being correctly dismounted. Since you're taking the system down to single user mode before pulling the power, you've vastly reduced the probability of filesystem damage, but still, better safe than sorry. Cheers, Matthew --=20 Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 26 The Paddocks Savill Way PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Marlow Tel: +44 1628 476614 Bucks., SL7 1TH UK --2oS5YaxWCcQjTEyO Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.2.3 (FreeBSD) iD8DBQE/aGRWdtESqEQa7a0RAgxdAKCEb6oJZ3RRIqeNvuwbTT9E2eBquACdE70J eSt6dvPUEuCD2wuQokQTJIM= =Hrna -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --2oS5YaxWCcQjTEyO--