From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Wed Oct 23 01:29:29 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF39895E; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:29:29 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dru@FreeBSD.org) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9BCA12708; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:29:29 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id r9N1TTBI041634; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:29:29 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from dru@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id r9N1TTKL041633; Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:29:29 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201310230129.r9N1TTKL041633@svn.freebsd.org> From: Dru Lavigne Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:29:29 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43025 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.14 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2013 01:29:29 -0000 Author: dru Date: Wed Oct 23 01:29:29 2013 New Revision: 43025 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43025 Log: White space fix only. Translators can ignore. Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Wed Oct 23 01:15:20 2013 (r43024) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml Wed Oct 23 01:29:29 2013 (r43025) @@ -3143,14 +3143,15 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free shells command line - A shell provides a command line interface for interacting with the operating system. A - shell receives commands from the input channel and executes - them. Many shells provide built in functions to help with - everyday tasks such as file management, file globbing, command - line editing, command macros, and environment variables. &os; - comes with several shells, including the Bourne shell - (&man.sh.1;) and the extended C shell (&man.tcsh.1;). Other - shells are available from the &os; Ports Collection, such as + A shell provides a command line + interface for interacting with the operating system. A shell + receives commands from the input channel and executes them. + Many shells provide built in functions to help with everyday + tasks such as file management, file globbing, command line + editing, command macros, and environment variables. &os; comes + with several shells, including the Bourne shell (&man.sh.1;) and + the extended C shell (&man.tcsh.1;). Other shells are available + from the &os; Ports Collection, such as zsh and bash. The shell that is used is really a matter of taste. A C @@ -3162,11 +3163,10 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free One common shell feature is filename completion. After a user types the first few letters of a command or filename and - presses Tab, the shell automatically - completes the rest of the command or filename. Consider two - files called foobar and - foo.bar. To delete - foo.bar, type rm + presses Tab, the shell automatically completes + the rest of the command or filename. Consider two files called + foobar and foo.bar. + To delete foo.bar, type rm fo[Tab].[Tab]. The shell should print out @@ -3177,8 +3177,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free is more than one match. Both foobar and foo.bar start with fo. By typing ., then pressing - Tab again, the shell is able to fill in - the rest of the filename. + Tab again, the shell is able to fill in the + rest of the filename. environment variables @@ -3186,9 +3186,9 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free variables. Environment variables are a variable/key pair stored in the shell's environment. This environment can be read by any program invoked by the shell, and thus contains a lot of program - configuration. Table 4.3 provides a list of common environment variables - and their meanings. Note that the names of environment - variables are always in uppercase. + configuration. Table 4.3 provides a list of common environment + variables and their meanings. Note that the names of + environment variables are always in uppercase. Common Environment Variables @@ -3296,18 +3296,19 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free Shells treat special characters, known as meta-characters, as special representations of data. The most common meta-character is *, which represents any - number of characters in a filename. Meta-characters can be - used to perform filename globbing. For example, - echo * is equivalent to ls because + number of characters in a filename. Meta-characters can be used + to perform filename globbing. For example, echo + * is equivalent to ls because the shell takes all the files that match * - and echo lists them on the command line. + and echo lists them on the command + line.To prevent the shell from interpreting a special character, escape it from the shell by starting it with a backslash - (\). For example, - echo $TERM prints the terminal setting - whereas echo \$TERM literally prints the - string $TERM. + (\). For example, echo + $TERM prints the terminal setting whereas + echo \$TERM literally prints the string + $TERM. Changing the Shell @@ -3316,8 +3317,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free to use chsh. Running this command will open the editor that is configured in the EDITOR environment variable, which by default - is set to &man.vi.1;. Change the Shell: line - to the full path of the new shell. + is set to &man.vi.1;. Change the Shell: + line to the full path of the new shell. Alternately, use chsh -s which will set the specified shell without opening an editor. For example, @@ -3330,9 +3331,8 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free /etc/shells. If the shell was installed from the &os; Ports Collection as described in , it should be automatically added - to this file. If it is missing, add it using this - command, replacing the path with the path of the - shell: + to this file. If it is missing, add it using this command, + replacing the path with the path of the shell: &prompt.root; echo /usr/local/bin/bash >> /etc/shells @@ -3424,98 +3424,97 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free Manual Pages - manual pages + manual pages - The most comprehensive documentation on &os; is in the - form of manual pages. Nearly every program on the system - comes with a short reference manual explaining the basic - operation and available arguments. These manuals can be - viewed using man: + The most comprehensive documentation on &os; is in the form + of manual pages. Nearly every program on the system comes with + a short reference manual explaining the basic operation and + available arguments. These manuals can be viewed using + man: - &prompt.user; man command + &prompt.user; man command - where command is the name of - the command to learn about. For example, to learn more about - &man.ls.1;, type: + where command is the name of the + command to learn about. For example, to learn more about + &man.ls.1;, type: - &prompt.user; man ls + &prompt.user; man ls - Manual pages are divided into sections which represent the type of topic. In &os;, - the following - sections are available: + Manual pages are divided into sections which represent the + type of topic. In &os;, the following sections are + available: - - - User commands. - + + + User commands. + - - System calls and error numbers. - + + System calls and error numbers. + - - Functions in the C libraries. - + + Functions in the C libraries. + - - Device drivers. - + + Device drivers. + - - File formats. - + + File formats. + - - Games and other diversions. - + + Games and other diversions. + - - Miscellaneous information. - + + Miscellaneous information. + - - System maintenance and operation commands. - + + System maintenance and operation commands. + - - System kernel interfaces. - - + + System kernel interfaces. + + - In some cases, the same topic may appear in more than one - section of the online manual. For example, there is a - chmod user command and a - chmod() system call. To tell &man.man.1; - which section to display, specify the section number: + In some cases, the same topic may appear in more than one + section of the online manual. For example, there is a + chmod user command and a + chmod() system call. To tell &man.man.1; + which section to display, specify the section number: - &prompt.user; man 1 chmod + &prompt.user; man 1 chmod - This will display the manual page for the user command - &man.chmod.1;. References to a particular section of the - online manual are traditionally placed in parenthesis in - written documentation, so &man.chmod.1; refers to the user - command and &man.chmod.2; refers to the system call. + This will display the manual page for the user command + &man.chmod.1;. References to a particular section of the + online manual are traditionally placed in parenthesis in + written documentation, so &man.chmod.1; refers to the user + command and &man.chmod.2; refers to the system call. - If the name of the manual page is unknown, use man - -k to search for keywords in the manual page - descriptions: + If the name of the manual page is unknown, use man + -k to search for keywords in the manual page + descriptions: - &prompt.user; man -k mail + &prompt.user; man -k mail - This command displays a list of commands that have the - keyword mail in their descriptions. This is - equivalent to using &man.apropos.1;. + This command displays a list of commands that have the + keyword mail in their descriptions. This is + equivalent to using &man.apropos.1;. - To read the descriptions for the commands in - /usr/bin, - type: + To read the descriptions for the commands in /usr/bin, type: - &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin &prompt.user; man -f * | more - or + or - &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin &prompt.user; whatis * |more @@ -3525,14 +3524,13 @@ Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free Free Software Foundation - &os; includes many applications and utilities produced - by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In addition to manual + &os; includes many applications and utilities produced by + the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In addition to manual pages, these programs may include hypertext documents called info files. These can be viewed using - &man.info.1; or, if - editors/emacs is - installed, the info mode of - emacs. + &man.info.1; or, if editors/emacs is installed, the + info mode of emacs. To use &man.info.1;, type: