From owner-svn-doc-head@FreeBSD.ORG Fri Mar 7 18:34:23 2014 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6EB03F92; Fri, 7 Mar 2014 18:34:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4E950F4D; Fri, 7 Mar 2014 18:34:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.8/8.14.8) with ESMTP id s27IYNAR085483; Fri, 7 Mar 2014 18:34:23 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from dru@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.8/8.14.8/Submit) id s27IYNvf085482; Fri, 7 Mar 2014 18:34:23 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201403071834.s27IYNvf085482@svn.freebsd.org> From: Dru Lavigne Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2014 18:34:23 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44182 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: SVN commit messages for the doc tree for head List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2014 18:34:23 -0000 Author: dru Date: Fri Mar 7 18:34:22 2014 New Revision: 44182 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44182 Log: Clean up IPv6 Addresses section. Update Table 30.3 with corrections from Wout Decre. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Fri Mar 7 17:56:09 2014 (r44181) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Fri Mar 7 18:34:22 2014 (r44182) @@ -4374,31 +4374,86 @@ Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds Background on <acronym>IPv6</acronym> Addresses - There are different types of IPv6 - addresses: unicast, anycast, and multicast. + There are three different types of IPv6 + addresses: - Unicast addresses are the well known addresses. A packet + + + Unicast + + A packet sent to a unicast address arrives at the interface belonging to the address. + + - Anycast addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from + + Anycast + + These addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from unicast addresses but they address a group of interfaces. The packet destined for an anycast address will arrive at the - nearest (in router metric) interface. Anycast addresses may - only be used by routers. - - Multicast addresses identify a group of interfaces. A + nearest router interface. Anycast addresses are + only used by routers. + + + + + Multicast + + These addresses identify a group of interfaces. A packet destined for a multicast address will arrive at all - interfaces belonging to the multicast group. - - - The IPv4 broadcast address, usually + interfaces belonging to the multicast group. The + IPv4 broadcast address, usually xxx.xxx.xxx.255, is expressed by multicast addresses in IPv6. - + + + + + When reading an IPv6 address, the canonical form is represented as + x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where each + x represents a 16 bit hex value. An example is + FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982. + + Often, an address will have long substrings of all zeros. + A :: (double colon) can be used to replace + one substring per address. Also, up to three leading + 0s per hex value can be omitted. For example, + fe80::1 corresponds to the + canonical form + fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001. + + A third form is to write the last 32 bits using the + well known IPv4 notation. For example, + 2002::10.0.0.1 corresponds to the + hexadecimal canonical representation + 2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001, + which in turn is equivalent to + 2002::a00:1. - + To view a &os; system's IPv6 address, + use &man.ifconfig.8;: + + &prompt.root; ifconfig + + rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255 + inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 + ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1 + media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX ) + status: active + + In this example, fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 is an + auto-configured link-local address which was automatically generated from + the MAC address. + + Some IPv6 addresses are reserved. A + summary of these reserved addresses is seen in + : + +
Reserved <acronym>IPv6</acronym> Addresses @@ -4449,17 +4504,24 @@ Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds - fe80:: - - feb:: + fe80::/10 10 bits link-local - Equivalent to the loopback address, automatic - private addresses (169.254.1.0-169.254.254.255), or - private IP address ranges in + Equivalent to the loopback address or automatic + private addresses (169.254.1.0-169.254.254.255) in IPv4. + fc00::/7 + 7 bits + unique-local + Unique local addresses are intended for local + communication and are only routable within a set of + cooperating sites. + + + ff00:: 8 bits multicast @@ -4478,85 +4540,14 @@ Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds
- When reading an IPv6 address, the canonical form is represented as: - x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, with each - x being a 16 bit hex value. For example: - FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982. - - Often an address will have long substrings of all zeros. - One such substring per address can be abbreviated by - ::. Also, up to three leading - 0s per hex quad can be omitted. For example, - fe80::1 corresponds to the - canonical form - fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001. - - A third form is to write the last 32 bit part in the - well known (decimal) IPv4 style with dots - (.) as separators. For example, - 2002::10.0.0.1 corresponds to the - hexadecimal canonical representation - 2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001, - which in turn is equivalent to - 2002::a00:1. - - Here is a sample entry from &man.ifconfig.8;: - - &prompt.root; ifconfig - - rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 - inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255 - inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 - ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1 - media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX ) - status: active - - fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 is an - auto configured link-local address. It is generated from - the MAC address as part of the auto - configuration. - For further information on the structure of - IPv6 addresses, see IPv6 addresses, refer to RFC3513. Configuring <acronym>IPv6</acronym> - Currently, there are four ways to connect to other - IPv6 hosts and networks: - - - - Contact an Internet Service Provider to see if they - offer IPv6. - - - - SixXS - offers tunnels with end-points all around the - globe. - - - - Hurricane - Electric offers tunnels with end-points all - around the globe. - - - - Tunnel via 6-to-4 as described in RFC3068. - - - - Use the net/freenet6 port for a - dial-up connection. - - - To configure a &os; system as an IPv6 client, add these two lines to rc.conf: @@ -4592,10 +4583,43 @@ rtsold_enable="YES" Connecting to a Provider + Currently, there are four ways to connect to other + IPv6 hosts and networks: + + + + Contact an Internet Service Provider to see if they + offer IPv6. + + + + SixXS + offers tunnels with end-points all around the + globe. + + + + Hurricane + Electric offers tunnels with end-points all + around the globe. + + + + Tunnel via 6-to-4 as described in RFC3068. + + + + Use the net/freenet6 port for a + dial-up connection. + + + This section demonstrates how to take the directions from a tunnel provider and convert it into settings that will persist through reboots. - + To restore the tunnel on startup, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf.