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Message-ID: <32F4306A.FF6D5DF@whistle.com>
Date: Sat, 01 Feb 1997 22:12:58 -0800
From: Julian Elischer <julian@whistle.com>
Organization: Whistle Communications
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To: "Brian J. McGovern" <mcgovern@spoon.beta.com>
CC: hackers@freebsd.org
Subject: Re: Device Driver: Almost home(?)
References: <199702020327.WAA00333@spoon.beta.com>
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

--------------237C228A31DFF4F5ABD322C
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

OK,
here is a shell script that writes a pseudo device driver 
and integrates it into your kernel.
I also attach a real device driver writing script that does the same
thing

they both use the GENERIC config as a starting point..
you run them as:

sh make_pseudo_driver.sh foo
and
sh make_device_driver.sh bar

comments and suggestions?

I think these should go into /usr/share/examples or somewhere (the FAQ?)


the make REAL device driver script has a littel bug-fix from 
the last one)

julian

--------------237C228A31DFF4F5ABD322C
Content-Type: application/x-sh; name="make_device_driver.sh"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="make_device_driver.sh"

#!/bin/sh 
# This writes a skeleton driver and puts it into the kernel tree for you
#arg1 is lowercase "foo" 
#
# Trust me, RUN THIS SCRIPT :)
#
#-------cut here------------------
cd /sys/i386/conf

if [ "${1}X" = "X" ] 
then
	echo "Hey , how about some help here.. give me a device name!"
	exit 1
fi

UPPER=`echo ${1} |tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"` 
cat >files.${UPPER} <<DONE
i386/isa/${1}.c      optional ${1} device-driver
DONE

cat >${UPPER} <<DONE
# Configuration file for kernel type: ${UPPER}
ident	${UPPER}
# \$Id:\$"
DONE

grep -v GENERIC < GENERIC >>${UPPER}

cat >>${UPPER} <<DONE
# trust me, you'll need this
options	DDB		
device ${1}0 at isa? port 0x234 bio irq 5 vector ${1}intr
DONE

cat >../isa/${1}.c <<DONE
/*
 * Copyright ME
 *
 * ${1} driver
 * \$Id:\$
 */


#include "${1}.h"		/* generated file.. defines N${UPPER} */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>		/* SYSINIT stuff */
#include <sys/conf.h>		/* cdevsw stuff */
#include <sys/malloc.h>		/* malloc region definitions */
#include <machine/clock.h>	/* DELAY() */
#include <i386/isa/isa.h>	/* ISA bus port definitions etc. */
#include <i386/isa/isa_device.h>/* ISA bus configuration structures */
#include <sys/${1}io.h>		/* ${1} IOCTL definitions */
#ifdef DEVFS
#include <sys/devfsext.h>	/* DEVFS defintitions */
#endif /* DEVFS */



/* Function prototypes (these should all be static  except for ${1}intr()) */
static  d_open_t	${1}open;
static  d_close_t	${1}close;
static  d_read_t	${1}read;
static  d_write_t	${1}write;
static  d_ioctl_t	${1}ioctl;
static  d_mmap_t	${1}mmap;
static  d_select_t	${1}select;
static	int		${1}probe (struct isa_device *);
static	int		${1}attach (struct isa_device *);
/* void ${1}intr(int unit);*//* actually defined in ioconf.h (generated file) */
 
#define CDEV_MAJOR 20
static struct cdevsw ${1}_cdevsw = {
	${1}open,
	${1}close,
	${1}read,
	${1}write,        
	${1}ioctl,
	nullstop,
	nullreset,
	nodevtotty, 
	${1}select,
	${1}mmap,
	NULL,
	"${1}",
	NULL,
	-1 };
 
struct isa_driver ${1}driver = {
	${1}probe,
	${1}attach,
	"${1}" };

/* 
 * device  specific Misc defines 
 */
#define BUFFERSIZE 1024
#define NUMPORTS 4
#define UNIT(dev) minor(dev)	/* assume one minor number per unit */

/*
 * One of these per allocated device
 */
struct ${1}_softc {
	struct isa_device *dev;
	char	buffer[BUFFERSIZE];
#ifdef DEVFS
	static void *devfs_token;
#endif
} ;

typedef	struct ${1}_softc *sc_p;

static sc_p sca[N${UPPER}];

/* add your own test to see if it exists */
/* should return the number of ports needed */
static int
${1}probe (struct isa_device *dev)
{
	char val;
	int unit = dev->id_unit;
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];

	/*
	 * Check the unit makes sense.
	 */
	if (unit > N${UPPER}) {
		printf("bad unit (%d)\n", unit);
		return (0);
	}
	if (scp) {
		printf("unit $d already attached\n", unit);
		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * try see if the device is there.
	 */
	val = inb (dev->id_iobase);
	if ( val != 42 ) {
		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * ok, we got one we think 
	 * do some further (this time possibly destructive) tests.
	 */
	outb (dev->id_iobase, 0xff);
	DELAY (10000); /*  10 ms delay */
	val = inb (dev->id_iobase) & 0x0f;
	return ((val & 0x0f) == 0x0f)? NUMPORTS : 0 ;
}

/*
 * Called if the probe succeeded.
 * We can be destructive here as we know we have the device.
 * we can also trust the unit number.
 */
static int
${1}attach (struct isa_device *dev)
{
	int unit = dev->id_unit;
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	/* 
	 * Allocate storage for this instance .
	 */
	scp = malloc(sizeof(*scp), M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
	if( scp == NULL) {
		printf("${1}%d failed to allocage driver strorage\n", unit);
		return (0);
	}
	bzero(scp, sizeof(*scp));
	sca[unit] = scp;

	/*
	 * Store whatever seems wise.
	 */
	scp->dev = dev;
#if DEVFS
    	scp->devfs_token = devfs_add_devswf(&${1}_cdevsw, unit, DV_CHR,
	    UID_ROOT, GID_KMEM, 0600, "${1}%d", unit);
#endif
	return 1;
}

/* 
 * Macro to check that the unit number is valid
 * Often this isn't needed as once the open() is performed,
 * the unit number is pretty much safe.. The exception would be if we
 * implemented devices that could "go away". in which case all these routines
 * would be wise to check the number, DIAGNOSTIC or not.
 */
#define CHECKUNIT(RETVAL)					\
do { /* the do-while is a safe way to do this grouping */	\
	if (unit > N${UPPER}) {					\
		printf(__FUNCTION__ ":bad unit $d\n", unit);	\
		return (RETVAL);				\
	}							\
	if (scp == NULL) { 					\
		printf( __FUNCTION__ ": unit $d not attached\n", unit);\
		return (RETVAL);				\
	}							\
} while (0)						
#ifdef	DIAGNOSTIC
#define	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(RETVAL) CHECKUNIT(RETVAL)
#else	/* DIAGNOSTIC */
#define	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(RETVAL)
#endif 	/* DIAGNOSTIC */

void
${1}intr(int unit)
{
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	/* 
	 * well we got an interupt, now what?
	 * Theoretically we don't need to check the unit.
	 */
	return;
}

int ${1}ioctl (dev_t dev, int cmd, caddr_t data, int flag, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);
    
	switch (cmd) {
	    case DHIOCRESET:
		/*  whatever resets it */
		outb(scp->dev->id_iobase, 0xff);
		break;
	    default:
		return ENXIO;
	}
	return (0);
}   
/*
 * You also need read, write, open, close routines.
 * This should get you started
 */
static  int
${1}open(dev_t dev, int oflags, int devtype, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
	return (0);
}

static  int
${1}close(dev_t dev, int fflag, int devtype, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
	return (0);
}

static  int
${1}read(dev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int ioflag)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	int     toread;
	
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 * read from buffer
	 */
	toread = (min(uio->uio_resid, sizeof(scp->buffer)));
	return(uiomove(scp->buffer, toread, uio));
}

static  int
${1}write(dev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int ioflag)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	int	towrite;
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 * write to buffer
	 */
	towrite = (min(uio->uio_resid, sizeof(scp->buffer)));
	return(uiomove(scp->buffer, towrite, uio));
}

static  int
${1}mmap(dev_t dev, int offset, int nprot)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(-1);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
#if 0	/* if we had a frame buffer or whatever.. do this */
	if (offset > FRAMEBUFFERSIZE - PAGE_SIZE) {
		return (-1);
	}
	return i386_btop((FRAMEBASE + offset));
#else
	return (-1);
#endif
}

static  int
${1}select(dev_t dev, int which, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
	return (0); /* this is the wrong value I'm sure */
}

/*
 * Now  for some driver initialisation.
 * Occurs ONCE during boot (very early).
 */
static void             
${1}_drvinit(void *unused)
{
        dev_t dev;

	dev = makedev(CDEV_MAJOR, 0);
	cdevsw_add(&dev, &${1}_cdevsw, NULL);
}

SYSINIT(${1}dev, SI_SUB_DRIVERS, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE+CDEV_MAJOR,
		${1}_drvinit, NULL)


DONE

cat >../../sys/${1}io.h <<DONE
/*
 * Definitions needed to access the ${1} device (ioctls etc)
 * see mtio.h , ioctl.h as examples
 */
#ifndef SYS_DHIO_H
#define SYS_DHIO_H

#ifndef KERNEL
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#include <sys/ioccom.h>

/*
 * define an ioctl here
 */
#define DHIOCRESET _IO('D', 0)   /* reset the ${1} device */
#endif
DONE

config ${UPPER}
cd ../../compile/${UPPER}
make depend
make ${1}.o
make
exit

#--------------end of script---------------
#
#you also need to add an entry into the cdevsw[]
#array in conf.c, but it's too hard to do in a script..
#
#edit to your taste..
#
# 





--------------237C228A31DFF4F5ABD322C
Content-Type: application/x-sh; name="make_pseudo_driver.sh"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="make_pseudo_driver.sh"

#!/bin/sh 
# This writes a skeleton driver and puts it into the kernel tree for you
#arg1 is lowercase "foo" 
#
# Trust me, RUN THIS SCRIPT :)
#
#-------cut here------------------
cd /sys/i386/conf

if [ "${1}X" = "X" ] 
then
	echo "Hey , how about some help here.. give me a device name!"
	exit 1
fi

UPPER=`echo ${1} |tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"` 
cat >files.${UPPER} <<DONE
dev/${1}.c      optional ${1} device-driver
DONE

cat >${UPPER} <<DONE
# Configuration file for kernel type: ${UPPER}
ident	${UPPER}
# \$Id:\$"
DONE

grep -v GENERIC < GENERIC >>${UPPER}

cat >>${UPPER} <<DONE
# trust me, you'll need this
options	DDB		
pseudo-device	${1}	4	# might as well allow 4 of them 
DONE

cat >../../dev/${1}.c <<DONE
/*
 * Copyright ME
 *
 * ${1} driver
 * \$Id:\$
 */


#include "${1}.h"		/* generated file.. defines N${UPPER} */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>		/* SYSINIT stuff */
#include <sys/conf.h>		/* cdevsw stuff */
#include <sys/malloc.h>		/* malloc region definitions */
#include <machine/clock.h>	/* DELAY() */
#include <sys/${1}io.h>		/* ${1} IOCTL definitions */
#ifdef DEVFS
#include <sys/devfsext.h>	/* DEVFS defintitions */
#endif /* DEVFS */



/* Function prototypes (these should all be static  except for ${1}intr()) */
static  d_open_t	${1}open;
static  d_close_t	${1}close;
static  d_read_t	${1}read;
static  d_write_t	${1}write;
static  d_ioctl_t	${1}ioctl;
static  d_mmap_t	${1}mmap;
static  d_select_t	${1}select;
 
#define CDEV_MAJOR 20
static struct cdevsw ${1}_cdevsw = {
	${1}open,
	${1}close,
	${1}read,
	${1}write,        
	${1}ioctl,
	nullstop,
	nullreset,
	nodevtotty, 
	${1}select,
	${1}mmap,
	NULL,
	"${1}",
	NULL,
	-1 };
 
/* 
 * device  specific Misc defines 
 */
#define BUFFERSIZE 1024
#define UNIT(dev) minor(dev)	/* assume one minor number per unit */

/*
 * One of these per allocated device
 */
struct ${1}_softc {
	struct isa_device *dev;
	char	buffer[BUFFERSIZE];
#ifdef DEVFS
	static void *devfs_token;
#endif
} ;

typedef	struct ${1}_softc *sc_p;

static sc_p sca[N${UPPER}];

/* 
 * Macro to check that the unit number is valid
 * Often this isn't needed as once the open() is performed,
 * the unit number is pretty much safe.. The exception would be if we
 * implemented devices that could "go away". in which case all these routines
 * would be wise to check the number, DIAGNOSTIC or not.
 */
#define CHECKUNIT(RETVAL)					\
do { /* the do-while is a safe way to do this grouping */	\
	if (unit > N${UPPER}) {					\
		printf(__FUNCTION__ ":bad unit $d\n", unit);	\
		return (RETVAL);				\
	}							\
	if (scp == NULL) { 					\
		printf( __FUNCTION__ ": unit $d not attached\n", unit);\
		return (RETVAL);				\
	}							\
} while (0)						
#ifdef	DIAGNOSTIC
#define	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(RETVAL) CHECKUNIT(RETVAL)
#else	/* DIAGNOSTIC */
#define	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(RETVAL)
#endif 	/* DIAGNOSTIC */

int ${1}ioctl (dev_t dev, int cmd, caddr_t data, int flag, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);
    
	switch (cmd) {
	    case DHIOCRESET:
		/*  whatever resets it */
		outb(scp->dev->id_iobase, 0xff);
		break;
	    default:
		return ENXIO;
	}
	return (0);
}   
/*
 * You also need read, write, open, close routines.
 * This should get you started
 */
static  int
${1}open(dev_t dev, int oflags, int devtype, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
	return (0);
}

static  int
${1}close(dev_t dev, int fflag, int devtype, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
	return (0);
}

static  int
${1}read(dev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int ioflag)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	int     toread;
	
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 * read from buffer
	 */
	toread = (min(uio->uio_resid, sizeof(scp->buffer)));
	return(uiomove(scp->buffer, toread, uio));
}

static  int
${1}write(dev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int ioflag)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	int	towrite;
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 * write to buffer
	 */
	towrite = (min(uio->uio_resid, sizeof(scp->buffer)));
	return(uiomove(scp->buffer, towrite, uio));
}

static  int
${1}mmap(dev_t dev, int offset, int nprot)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(-1);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
#if 0	/* if we had a frame buffer or whatever.. do this */
	if (offset > FRAMEBUFFERSIZE - PAGE_SIZE) {
		return (-1);
	}
	return i386_btop((FRAMEBASE + offset));
#else
	return (-1);
#endif
}

static  int
${1}select(dev_t dev, int which, struct proc *p)
{
	int unit = UNIT (dev);
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];
	
	CHECKUNIT_DIAG(ENXIO);

	/* 
	 * Do processing
	 */
	return (0); /* this is the wrong value I'm sure */
}

/*
 * Now  for some driver initialisation.
 * Occurs ONCE during boot (very early).
 */
static void             
${1}_drvinit(void *unused)
{
        dev_t dev;
	int	unit;
	sc_p scp  = sca[unit];

	dev = makedev(CDEV_MAJOR, 0);
	cdevsw_add(&dev, &${1}_cdevsw, NULL);
	for (unit = 0; unit < N${UPPER}; unit++) {
		/* 
		 * Allocate storage for this instance .
		 */
		scp = malloc(sizeof(*scp), M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
		if( scp == NULL) {
			printf("${1}%d failed to allocate strorage\n", unit);
			return ;
		}
		bzero(scp, sizeof(*scp));
		sca[unit] = scp;
#if DEVFS
    		scp->devfs_token = devfs_add_devswf(&${1}_cdevsw, unit, DV_CHR,
	    		UID_ROOT, GID_KMEM, 0640, "${1}%d", unit);
#endif
	}
}

SYSINIT(${1}dev, SI_SUB_DRIVERS, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE+CDEV_MAJOR,
		${1}_drvinit, NULL)


DONE

cat >../../sys/${1}io.h <<DONE
/*
 * Definitions needed to access the ${1} device (ioctls etc)
 * see mtio.h , ioctl.h as examples
 */
#ifndef SYS_DHIO_H
#define SYS_DHIO_H

#ifndef KERNEL
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#include <sys/ioccom.h>

/*
 * define an ioctl here
 */
#define DHIOCRESET _IO('D', 0)   /* reset the ${1} device */
#endif
DONE

config ${UPPER}
cd ../../compile/${UPPER}
make depend
make ${1}.o
make
exit

#--------------end of script---------------
#
#you also need to add an entry into the cdevsw[]
#array in conf.c, but it's too hard to do in a script..
#
#edit to your taste..
#
# 



--------------237C228A31DFF4F5ABD322C--