Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2013 19:40:11 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r42949 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia Message-ID: <201310131940.r9DJeBYq061139@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Sun Oct 13 19:40:10 2013 New Revision: 42949 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/42949 Log: This patch does the following: - comments out some authors - tightens up some headings - some word-smithing - changes examples to more modern sound cards Approved by: bcr (mentor) Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Sun Oct 13 11:44:18 2013 (r42948) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml Sun Oct 13 19:40:10 2013 (r42949) @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para>Playback DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and + <para>Play DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and <filename>.avi</filename> files.</para> </listitem> @@ -80,52 +80,38 @@ <listitem> <para>Configure an image scanner.</para> </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>How to configure an image scanner.</para> - </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para> <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel - (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <warning> - <para>Audio CDs have specialized encodings which differ from the - usual ISO-filesystem. This means that they should not be - mounted using &man.mount.8;.</para> - </warning> - + <listitem><para>Know how to install applications as described in + <xref linkend="ports"/>.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> </sect1> <sect1 id="sound-setup"> + <!-- <sect1info> <authorgroup> <author> <firstname>Moses</firstname> <surname>Moore</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - <!-- 20 November 2000 --> + <contrib>Contributed by in November 2000</contrib> </author> </authorgroup> <authorgroup> <author> <firstname>Marc</firstname> <surname>Fonvieille</surname> - <contrib>Enhanced by </contrib> - <!-- 13 September 2004 --> + <contrib>Enhanced by in September 2004</contrib> </author> </authorgroup> </sect1info> + --> <title>Setting Up the Sound Card</title> - <sect2 id="sound-device"> - <title>Configuring the System</title> - <indexterm><primary>PCI</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>sound cards</primary></indexterm> <para>Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of @@ -140,19 +126,19 @@ <secondary>configuration</secondary> </indexterm> - <para>In order to use the sound device, the proper device driver - must be loaded. This may be accomplished in one of two ways. + <para>In order to use the sound device, its device driver + must be loaded. The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card with &man.kldload.8;. This example loads the driver for a - Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card:</para> + built-in audio chipset based on the Intel specification:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_emu10k1</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_hda</userinput></screen> <para>To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the driver to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The line for this driver is:</para> - <programlisting>snd_emu10k1_load="YES"</programlisting> + <programlisting>snd_hda_load="YES"</programlisting> <para>Other available sound modules are listed in <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename>. When unsure @@ -171,32 +157,28 @@ after loading the <filename>snd_driver</filename> metadriver, type <command>cat /dev/sndstat</command>.</para> - <para>Users who prefer to statically compile in support for the - sound card in a custom kernel should refer to the instructions - in the next section. For more information about recompiling a - kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para> - - <sect3> + <sect2> <title>Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support</title> + <para>This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for the + sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a + kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para> + <para>When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make sure that the audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel configuration file:</para> <programlisting>device sound</programlisting> - <para>Next, add support for the sound card. Therefore, you need - to know which driver supports the card. To continue the example - of the Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card from the + <para>Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example + of the built-in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the previous section, use the following line in the custom kernel configuration file:</para> - <programlisting>device snd_emu10k1</programlisting> + <programlisting>device snd_hda</programlisting> <para>Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the - syntax to use. The explicit syntax for the kernel - configuration of every supported sound driver can also be - found in <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para> + device name to use for the driver.</para> <para>Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port settings of the card to be added to @@ -233,57 +215,62 @@ hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"</programlisting> cases, the IRQ or other settings may need to be changed to match the card. Refer to &man.snd.sbc.4; for more information about this card.</para> - </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="sound-testing"> - <title>Testing the Sound Card</title> + <title>Testing Sound</title> - <para>After rebooting into the custom kernel, or after loading - the required module, the sound card should appear in the system - message buffer. Run &man.dmesg.8; and look for a message - like:</para> - - <screen>pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0 -pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED] -pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec></screen> + <para>After loading + the required module or rebooting into the custom kernel, + the sound card should be detected. + To confirm, run <command>dmesg | grep pcm</command>. This + example is from a system with a built-in Conexant CX20590 chipset:</para> + + <screen>pcm0: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> at nid 5 on hdaa0 +pcm1: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> at nid 6 on hdaa0 +pcm2: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> at nid 31,25 and 35,27 on hdaa1</screen> <para>The status of the sound card may also be checked using this command:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /dev/sndstat</userinput> -FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm) +FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm: 64bit 2009061500/amd64) Installed devices: -pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384 -kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> - - <para>The output may vary between systems. If no - <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices are listed, go back and - review the kernel configuration file and make sure the correct - device driver was chosen. Common problems are listed in <xref - linkend="troubleshooting"/>.</para> +pcm0: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play) +pcm1: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play) +pcm2: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> (play/rec) default</screen> + + <para>The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no + <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices are listed, double-check that the correct + device driver was loaded or compiled into the kernel. The + next section lists some common problems and their solutions.</para> <para>If all goes well, the sound card should now work in os;. If - the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive's audio-out pins are properly + the <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> drive is properly connected to the sound card, one can insert an audio CD in the drive and play it with &man.cdcontrol.1;:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1</userinput></screen> + <warning> + <para>Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that they should not be + mounted using &man.mount.8;.</para> + </warning> + <para>Various applications, such as <filename - role="package">audio/workman</filename> provide a friendlier + role="package">audio/workman</filename>, provide a friendlier interface. The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> port can be installed to listen to MP3 audio files.</para> <para>Another quick way to test the card is to send data to - <filename>/dev/dsp</filename>:</para> + <devicename>/dev/dsp</devicename>:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cat <replaceable>filename</replaceable> > /dev/dsp</userinput></screen> <para>where <filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable></filename> can - be any file. This command should produce some noise, confirming - that the sound card is actually working.</para> + be any type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming + that the sound card is working.</para> <note> <para>The <devicename>/dev/dsp*</devicename> device nodes will @@ -291,19 +278,21 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de do not exist and will not appear in the output of &man.ls.1;.</para> </note> + </sect2> - <para>Sound card mixer levels can be changed using &man.mixer.8;. - More details can be found in &man.mixer.8;.</para> - - <sect3 id="troubleshooting"> - <title>Common Problems</title> + <sect2 id="troubleshooting"> + <title>Troubleshooting Sound</title> <indexterm><primary>device nodes</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>I/O port</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>IRQ</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>DSP</primary></indexterm> - <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1"> + <para>Table 8.1 lists some common error messages and their + solutions:</para> + + <table frame="none" pgwide="1"> + <title>Common Error Messages</title> <tgroup cols="2"> <thead> <row> @@ -337,8 +326,8 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de <row> <entry><errorname>xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!</errorname></entry> - <entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep - dsp</command> if another application is holding the + <entry><para>Type <command>fstat | grep + dsp</command> to check if another application is holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are <application>esound</application> and <application>KDE</application>'s sound @@ -346,13 +335,13 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex de </row> </tbody> </tgroup> - </informaltable> + </table> - <para>Another issue is that modern graphics cards often come - with their own sound driver, for use with - <acronym>HDMI</acronym> and similar. This sound device will - sometimes be enumerated before the sound card and the sound - card will subsequently not be used as the default playback + <para>Modern graphics cards often come + with their own sound driver for use with + <acronym>HDMI</acronym>. This sound device is + sometimes enumerated before the sound card meaning that the sound + card will not be used as the default playback device. To check if this is the case, run <application>dmesg</application> and look for <literal>pcm</literal>. The output looks something like @@ -376,7 +365,7 @@ pcm6: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #2 Digi pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1 ...</programlisting> - <para>Here the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has + <para>In this example, the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has been enumerated before the sound card (<literal>Realtek ALC889</literal>). To use the sound card as the default playback device, change <varname>hw.snd.default_unit</varname> @@ -384,17 +373,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen> - <para>Here, <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound + <para>where <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound device to use. In this example, it should be <literal>4</literal>. Make this change permanent by adding the following line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para> <programlisting>hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>4</replaceable></programlisting> - </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="sound-multiple-sources"> + <!-- <sect2info> <authorgroup> <author> @@ -404,34 +393,32 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi </author> </authorgroup> </sect2info> + --> <title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title> <para>It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that - are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <emphasis>Virtual - Sound Channels</emphasis>, which can be enabled using - &man.sysctl.8;. Virtual channels allow one to multiplex the + are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <quote>Virtual + Sound Channels</quote> to multiplex the sound card's playback by mixing sound in the kernel.</para> - <para>To set the number of virtual channels, three - &man.sysctl.8; knobs are available:</para> + <para>Three + &man.sysctl.8; knobs are available for configuring virtual channels:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</userinput></screen> - <para>The above example allocates four virtual channels, which + <para>This example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number for everyday use. Both <varname>dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</varname> and - <varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are the number of + <varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are configurable after a device has been + attached and represent the number of virtual channels <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has for playback - and recording, and are configurable after a device has been - attached. <literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number - of virtual channels a new audio device is given when it is - attached using &man.kldload.8;. Since the + and recording. Since the <devicename>pcm</devicename> module can be loaded independently of the hardware drivers, <varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname> - indicates how many virtual channels will be given to devices - when they are attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more + indicates how many virtual channels will be given to an audio device + when it is attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more information.</para> <note> @@ -447,6 +434,7 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi </sect2> <sect2> + <!-- <sect2info> <authorgroup> <author> @@ -456,16 +444,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi </author> </authorgroup> </sect2info> + --> <title>Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels</title> <para>The default values for the different mixer channels are - hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. There - are many different applications and daemons that allow values to - be set for the mixer that are remembered between invocations, - but this is not a clean solution. It is possible to set default - mixer values at the driver level. This is accomplished by - defining the appropriate values in + hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. While + sound card mixer levels can be changed using &man.mixer.8; or + third-party applications and daemons, this is not a permanent solution. + To instead set default + mixer values at the driver level, + define the appropriate values in <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>, as seen in this example:</para> @@ -478,16 +467,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digi </sect1> <sect1 id="sound-mp3"> + <!-- <sect1info> <authorgroup> <author> <firstname>Chern</firstname> <surname>Lee</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> + <contrib>Contributed by in Sept 2001</contrib> </author> </authorgroup> - <!-- 11 Sept 2001 --> </sect1info> + --> <title>MP3 Audio</title>
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