From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 24 01:08:29 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C1F8E24E2EC for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:08:29 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from mout.kundenserver.de (mout.kundenserver.de [212.227.17.24]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client CN "mout.kundenserver.de", Issuer "TeleSec ServerPass Class 2 CA" (verified OK)) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48QkTR15X7z3LKV for ; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:08:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from freebsd@edvax.de) Received: from r56.edvax.de ([188.102.104.44]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue106 [212.227.15.183]) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 1Ml72g-1jrRsZ3wOC-00lSSY; Mon, 24 Feb 2020 02:08:24 +0100 Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 02:08:23 +0100 From: Polytropon To: "Steve O'Hara-Smith" Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org, Polytropon Subject: Re: rm | Cleaning up recycle bin Message-Id: <20200224020823.2462aad4.freebsd@edvax.de> In-Reply-To: <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> References: <20200223184908.b35d656a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200223182411.81a22ce74509b8778a39d8d3@sohara.org> Reply-To: Polytropon Organization: EDVAX X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.1.1 (GTK+ 2.24.5; i386-portbld-freebsd8.2) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:Obj8KdqtqVUC1DU6h1zil107Twj/axjxoOnEK+vbkif18djLHRi FTjTG+WD4yNwDG+UJeXWwwnOAcdenBT0+bu1XVf8T+4jJRONA86oGd6c2HvaxoOk0sygge9 PX0wyEfFYozqEc6UtCywsQv7GBIEGlAi5oSq4v81CesmA7DfyT+KNL3UX1SZnvdEVHl01ZB mVaPjJt9EED+TIAFpv1LA== X-Spam-Flag: NO X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V03:K0:f5VT8sxcI6E=:XDaX0mHVL9oUuZtRZI+1cz uFhstb/Ax3mV+AE7QPZDFGtjZirhJuR7jRQDlak7USqKmd5FkPe/5XJN3Tg8Z0mDeNCFbWTqP I4qCWAGTbAy/Jxo0z5MIEfHIBoZRkBdR6fYbFI1FDqAFTfPw1lwyYhLWfwHfybhCf9tIaYBZB UgvgcBTyfejOyWzsNCYNkVgeHr6FO7f0qJJbkv2btQ0n0Nz1yL96mBkWicy2FOI80l+zeUHXv mzqhB5hToBmXU7Y62O0OC7RcM0D5NiIYDQeAwesKX0O+wBw60eqqAaG9fJqcWvT1yCDiK6bwf AHGNzZ2tmuI+znrc448Et44oHPayLC3J6KucCqkzbRM5Nxu+QgCIZR8sAUPiSfqvtZfJs+Dxb oMGSx/C7mwvJ1qM0OQzw32sLXX5+bvhIEledeWHbnB+zgIVFighUeiyWT/5SsdOxZx7r6ZtMD LPX8y+Dhin+XahCMosOfPLNqNtPSHb+V/IXHark7O++8e5uX5qjOa6p8kYYt6a2h/P2fDiyeS CnQAun8NCX4QLzRZmCraP6zpwI6KoQ8AeeZrXc8l1k2TDWvqFl75CFar4g4jN7FQmRUQgKSz4 TowrQbITeQQubuFg87TwqM2BE+8UB6HDPLSdWsIpEFE1jhKPUQhja8vScJpc/71nNB5On+mpQ ygsXjdpXsGG92LJMztzehUK6v6OBY8TWrIzHdObdwxorvB8QAlRSaPnid8LBT0x78hdHHZI7v TaPMYIkmpttO91Zux6Vbz3iHthjTr7/5AifzYlYDz8S4RqokRgMqctlJItQIl4ZLL6ahc8ftN PdFcyyXv+rcrLd6qsPiScxerdc4o2tIa9Ryfa0eqFFi7bwRExE6qt3wM6/eMhCfKRNVqeHu X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48QkTR15X7z3LKV X-Spamd-Bar: ++++ Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=none; dmarc=none; spf=none (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of freebsd@edvax.de has no SPF policy when checking 212.227.17.24) smtp.mailfrom=freebsd@edvax.de X-Spamd-Result: default: False [4.50 / 15.00]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; HAS_REPLYTO(0.00)[freebsd@edvax.de]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; HAS_ORG_HEADER(0.00)[]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; R_DKIM_NA(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:8560, ipnet:212.227.0.0/16, country:DE]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RECEIVED_SPAMHAUS_PBL(0.00)[44.104.102.188.khpj7ygk5idzvmvt5x4ziurxhy.zen.dq.spamhaus.net : 127.0.0.11]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; REPLYTO_EQ_FROM(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[edvax.de]; AUTH_NA(1.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_MEDIUM(0.97)[0.967,0]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; NEURAL_SPAM_LONG(0.97)[0.972,0]; MID_CONTAINS_FROM(1.00)[]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[24.17.227.212.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; R_SPF_NA(0.00)[]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; IP_SCORE(0.16)[ip: (-0.23), ipnet: 212.227.0.0/16(-1.12), asn: 8560(2.19), country: DE(-0.02)] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2020 01:08:29 -0000 On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:24:11 +0000, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > Multiple entries for the same file are quite common for binaries, > for example /bin/csh and /bin/tcsh are links to the same file, or for that > matter nearly everything in /rescue is a link to the same file. When there > are multiple links to a file none of them are special, they're all just > links. Technically, they serve a very specific purpose: When a program is invoked, it can query argv[0] for the name it was called with. In case of "csh" vs. "tcsh", this can affect the shell's behaviour. It's even more obvious for all the programs in /rescue, where for example "cp" and "ps" point to the same binary, but make that binary do totally different things when invoked. While a symbolic link (symlink) is, as their name suggests, just a symbolic name for a different file or directory, a hardlink is actually just an additional name for a file, and there is no precedence in hard links (like with symlinks, "_this_ is a reference, but _that_ is the original); they're all originals. That's why a hardlink can never cross the border of a filesystem, while a symlink can. On Sun, 23 Feb 2020 18:58:18 -0600, Valeri Galtsev wrote: > Thank you, Steve! Very educational. We (I at least) sometimes > forget fundamentals. That's why my little addition for educational completeness. ;-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...