Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2022 07:26:50 -0400 From: Karl Denninger <karl@denninger.net> To: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com> Cc: FreeBSD FS <freebsd-fs@freebsd.org> Subject: Re: Hybrid partition tables -- can gpart make them? Message-ID: <14170134-a925-1f24-6138-eb57ce881752@denninger.net> In-Reply-To: <CANCZdfqheEm4ypt2Va=2JRVSbHF1D%2BRFyYjGnPp8eay8WGaW3Q@mail.gmail.com> References: <68449cab-c5d7-47ff-99e1-d0e6963374d0@denninger.net> <CANCZdfqheEm4ypt2Va=2JRVSbHF1D%2BRFyYjGnPp8eay8WGaW3Q@mail.gmail.com>
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On 3/18/2022 00:19, Warner Losh wrote:
>
>
> On Thu, Mar 17, 2022 at 7:20 AM Karl Denninger <karl@denninger.net> wrote:
>
> First, the "why" -- I wish to have *two* OS partitions, a data
> partition and a config partition under NanoBSD on a Pi3 or 4.
> Both boot using EFI and the "3", at least, appears to refuse to do
> so off a GPT-labeled disk. This means I need *five* slices and
> MBR can only do 4.
>
> I attempted to have one slice be "Freebsd" with the two OS
> partitions inside it, which would work *except* it doesn't because
> I can't set "bootme" on those; the EFI loader always finds the
> first usable UFS partition and boots it. I need to be able to
> toggle that to boot the *second* partition.
>
> I've replaced boot1.efi (quite some time ago) with loader_lua.efi
> in the EFI partition. This works, but there does not appear to be
> a way to tell it that I want it to default to something other than
> the first bootable partition it finds
>
>
> It follows the EFI Boot Manager protocol, but the RPi doesn't give a
> good way to persist that data.
>
> If you could get GPT working, you could use gptboot.efi, which allows
> you to set which GPT partition to boot. We use that at Netflix for
> this exact scenario.
>
> More, see below...
>
> The intent is to enable the capability to upgrade the OS without
> having to wipe/reload the card the unit boots from, then set the
> other partition as the "next boot." This works quite nicely with
> nanoBSD generally for MBR-bootable devices (and I use it with the
> pcEngines boards), but doesn't on the Pi due to requiring the EFI
> partition which means I run out of slots, never mind that the
> loader will still find andn boot the first one.
>
> So, we read in \efi\freebsd\loader.efi off the ESP by default. We use
> it to set boot environment variable (not UEFI ones, though there's a
> UEFI override for this filename)
>
> This lets you set currdev to be the device that you wish to boot off
> of in there. This will load all the /boot files off that partition (at
> least all the lua scripts, config, etc). I've tested this, but wound
> up using the GPT method for selecting partitions because that's
> operationally better for the purpose that I'd needed this for.
>
> This won't help with the gpart creation question, nor with the mkimage
> issue. The RPi requires the MBR partitioning to find things. GPT goes
> hand in hand with MBR, since we put a 'protective mbr' on the disk in
> addition to the GPT tables. That's part of the GPT spec. mkimage could
> be hacked to create this hybrid, where you'd have one FAT slice in the
> MBR world, and you could have the full layout you want with GPT.
> However, that's kinda weird, and I don't know how our code would cope
> with that (I've never tried it, though I have discussed it
> theoretically with benno when he was trying to have a unified gpt/iso
> boot loader in BIOS land)....
>
> Warner
I found a solution that works.
The EFI lua loader, if placed on the EFI partition directly, will load
/and use /a config file on the MSDOS partition at
EFI/FreeBSD/loader.env, and in there you can stick the directive
"rootdev=......" (such as "disk0s2a" or "disk0s2b")
Now the disk layout can be:
MBR
EFI
Freebsd
freebsd-ufs (system 1)
freebsd-ufs (system 2)
config (for nanobsd, overlay for the MD areas
data (miscellaneous things)
You can then update the second system partition while it is running,
validate that the load was good (e.g. cryptographic sum verify if you
want, fsck of the new system boot partition is clean, that the
/etc/fstab entry for root is adjusted in the "new" area as appropriate,
etc) and then change rootdev only on success. This is basically the
same process that NanoBSD uses for MBR disks in setting the active
primary partition which works as intended on MBR devices and it works on
the Pi3 and 4 which boot from EFI.
What I thought I was going to have to do was have a fifth partition in
front of the two system ones that had *only* the /boot/lua and
/boot/defaults/loader.conf files, because otherwise if you are updating
the first partition and it fails you're boned since that's where the
directive is to change the rootdev. But since the loader will obey the
directive on the EFI partition that has proved to be unnecessary.
--
Karl Denninger
karl@denninger.net
/The Market Ticker/
/[S/MIME encrypted email preferred]/
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 3/18/2022 00:19, Warner Losh wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CANCZdfqheEm4ypt2Va=2JRVSbHF1D+RFyYjGnPp8eay8WGaW3Q@mail.gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Mar 17, 2022 at 7:20
AM Karl Denninger <<a href="mailto:karl@denninger.net"
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">karl@denninger.net</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p>First, the "why" -- I wish to have *two* OS partitions,
a data partition and a config partition under NanoBSD on
a Pi3 or 4. Both boot using EFI and the "3", at least,
appears to refuse to do so off a GPT-labeled disk. This
means I need *five* slices and MBR can only do 4.</p>
<p>I attempted to have one slice be "Freebsd" with the two
OS partitions inside it, which would work *except* it
doesn't because I can't set "bootme" on those; the EFI
loader always finds the first usable UFS partition and
boots it. I need to be able to toggle that to boot the
*second* partition.<br>
</p>
<p>I've replaced boot1.efi (quite some time ago) with
loader_lua.efi in the EFI partition. This works, but
there does not appear to be a way to tell it that I want
it to default to something other than the first bootable
partition it finds</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It follows the EFI Boot Manager protocol, but the RPi
doesn't give a good way to persist that data.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>If you could get GPT working, you could use gptboot.efi,
which allows you to set which GPT partition to boot. We use
that at Netflix for this exact scenario.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>More, see below... </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p>The intent is to enable the capability to upgrade the
OS without having to wipe/reload the card the unit boots
from, then set the other partition as the "next boot."
This works quite nicely with nanoBSD generally for
MBR-bootable devices (and I use it with the pcEngines
boards), but doesn't on the Pi due to requiring the EFI
partition which means I run out of slots, never mind
that the loader will still find andn boot the first one.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>So, we read in \efi\freebsd\loader.efi off the ESP by
default. We use it to set boot environment variable (not
UEFI ones, though there's a UEFI override for this filename)<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>This lets you set currdev to be the device that you wish
to boot off of in there. This will load all the /boot files
off that partition (at least all the lua scripts, config,
etc). I've tested this, but wound up using the GPT method
for selecting partitions because that's operationally better
for the purpose that I'd needed this for.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>This won't help with the gpart creation question, nor
with the mkimage issue. The RPi requires the MBR
partitioning to find things. GPT goes hand in hand with MBR,
since we put a 'protective mbr' on the disk in addition to
the GPT tables. That's part of the GPT spec. mkimage could
be hacked to create this hybrid, where you'd have one FAT
slice in the MBR world, and you could have the full layout
you want with GPT. However, that's kinda weird, and I don't
know how our code would cope with that (I've never tried it,
though I have discussed it theoretically with benno when he
was trying to have a unified gpt/iso boot loader in BIOS
land)....<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Warner<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>I found a solution that works.</p>
<p>The EFI lua loader, if placed on the EFI partition directly, will
load <i>and use </i>a config file on the MSDOS partition at
EFI/FreeBSD/loader.env, and in there you can stick the directive
"rootdev=......" (such as "disk0s2a" or "disk0s2b")<br>
</p>
<p>Now the disk layout can be:</p>
<p>MBR<br>
EFI<br>
Freebsd<br>
freebsd-ufs (system 1)<br>
freebsd-ufs (system 2)<br>
config (for nanobsd, overlay for the MD areas<br>
data (miscellaneous things)</p>
<p>You can then update the second system partition while it is
running, validate that the load was good (e.g. cryptographic sum
verify if you want, fsck of the new system boot partition is
clean, that the /etc/fstab entry for root is adjusted in the "new"
area as appropriate, etc) and then change rootdev only on
success. This is basically the same process that NanoBSD uses for
MBR disks in setting the active primary partition which works as
intended on MBR devices and it works on the Pi3 and 4 which boot
from EFI.</p>
<p>What I thought I was going to have to do was have a fifth
partition in front of the two system ones that had *only* the
/boot/lua and /boot/defaults/loader.conf files, because otherwise
if you are updating the first partition and it fails you're boned
since that's where the directive is to change the rootdev. But
since the loader will obey the directive on the EFI partition that
has proved to be unnecessary.<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
Karl Denninger<br>
<a href="mailto:karl@denninger.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">karl@denninger.net</a><br>
<i>The Market Ticker</i><br>
<font size="-2"><i>[S/MIME encrypted email preferred]</i></font></div>
</body>
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