From owner-freebsd-doc Sun Apr 28 8:20:43 2002 Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@hub.freebsd.org Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (freefall.FreeBSD.org [216.136.204.21]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6175037B41C for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:20:02 -0700 (PDT) Received: (from gnats@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g3SFK2D79376; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:20:02 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from gnats) Received: from Kain.sumuk.de (Kain.sumuk.de [213.221.86.114]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D067D37B41E for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:11:47 -0700 (PDT) Received: from Moses.earth.sol (Moses.earth.sol [192.168.1.1]) by Kain.sumuk.de (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3SFBk002015 for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 17:11:46 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from martin@sumuk.de) Received: (from vincent@localhost) by Moses.earth.sol (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g3SFBhf81318; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 17:11:43 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from vincent) Message-Id: <200204281511.g3SFBhf81318@Moses.earth.sol> Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 17:11:43 +0200 (CEST) From: Martin Heinen Reply-To: Martin Heinen To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@FreeBSD.org X-Send-Pr-Version: 3.113 Subject: docs/37532: root -> root Sender: owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Precedence: bulk List-ID: List-Archive: (Web Archive) List-Help: (List Instructions) List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-Loop: FreeBSD.org >Number: 37532 >Category: docs >Synopsis: root -> root >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: low >Responsible: freebsd-doc >State: open >Quarter: >Keywords: >Date-Required: >Class: doc-bug >Submitter-Id: current-users >Arrival-Date: Sun Apr 28 08:20:01 PDT 2002 >Closed-Date: >Last-Modified: >Originator: Martin Heinen >Release: FreeBSD 4.4-STABLE i386 >Organization: >Environment: System: FreeBSD Moses.earth.sol 4.4-STABLE FreeBSD 4.4-STABLE #0: Sat Dec 22 07:35:30 CET 2001 toor@Moses.earth.sol:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MOSES i386 >Description: Marked up root as user. >How-To-Repeat: Read the handbook and the FAQ. >Fix: Index: faq/book.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.430 diff -u -r1.430 book.sgml --- faq/book.sgml 17 Apr 2002 04:18:27 -0000 1.430 +++ faq/book.sgml 28 Apr 2002 15:05:53 -0000 @@ -6273,7 +6273,7 @@ Why do I get the error, you are not in the correct - group to su root when I try to su to root? + group to su root when I try to su to root? @@ -6736,7 +6736,7 @@ - I have forgotten the root password! What do I do? + I have forgotten the root password! What do I do? Do not Panic! Simply restart the system, type @@ -6747,7 +6747,7 @@ mount -u / to remount your root filesystem read/write, then run mount -a to remount all the filesystems. Run passwd root to change - the root password then run &man.exit.1; to continue + the root password then run &man.exit.1; to continue booting. @@ -6975,7 +6975,7 @@ Take the ntalk service, for example (see /etc/inetd.conf). This service used to run - as userid root. Now it runs as userid tty. The tty user + as userid root. Now it runs as userid tty. The tty user is a sandbox designed to make it more difficult for someone who has successfully hacked into the system via ntalk from being able to hack beyond that user id. @@ -7262,7 +7262,7 @@ The reason why .shosts authentication does not work by default in more recent versions of FreeBSD is because &man.ssh.1; - is not installed suid root by default. To + is not installed suid root by default. To fix this, you can do one of the following: @@ -7900,7 +7900,7 @@ Newer versions of XFree86 do not install the servers setuid to root for just this reason. - Obviously, running an X server as the root user is not + Obviously, running an X server as the root user is not acceptable, nor a good idea security-wise. There are two ways to be able to use X as a regular user. The first is to use xdm or another display manager @@ -9029,7 +9029,7 @@ you will be prompted for the path to a shell). Some people use toor for - day-to-day root tasks with a non-standard shell, leaving + day-to-day root tasks with a non-standard shell, leaving root, with a standard shell, for single user mode or emergencies. By default you cannot log in using toor as it does not have a @@ -10447,7 +10447,7 @@ /etc/gettytab, see &man.gettytab.5;). The terminal type for this port is dialup. The port is on and is - insecure---meaning root logins on the port + insecure---meaning root logins on the port are not allowed. For dialin ports like this one, use the ttydX entry. @@ -10455,7 +10455,7 @@ the terminal type. Many users set up in their .profile or .login files a prompt for the actual terminal type if the starting type is dialup. The example shows the port as - insecure. To become root on this port, you have to login as a + insecure. To become root on this port, you have to login as a regular user, then &man.su.1; to become root. If you use secure then root can login in directly. Index: handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.133 diff -u -r1.133 chapter.sgml --- handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml 7 Apr 2002 11:32:07 -0000 1.133 +++ handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:33:20 -0000 @@ -2386,7 +2386,7 @@ /etc directory of the NIS master, with one exception: the /etc/master.passwd file. This is for a good reason; you do not want to propagate - passwords to your root and other administrative accounts to + passwords to your root and other administrative accounts to all the servers in the NIS domain. Therefore, before we initialize the NIS maps, you should: @@ -2398,7 +2398,7 @@ (bin, tty, kmem, games, etc), as well as any accounts that you do not want to be propagated to the NIS clients (for example - root and any other UID 0 (superuser) accounts). + root and any other UID 0 (superuser) accounts). Make sure the /var/yp/master.passwd is neither group @@ -3413,7 +3413,7 @@ you should be warned that bpf is also the device that allows packet sniffers to work correctly (although they still have to be run as - root). bpf + root). bpf is required to use DHCP, but if you are very sensitive about security, you probably should not add bpf to your @@ -4478,7 +4478,7 @@ following checklist, it is assumed that the path to the sandbox is /etc/namedb and that you have made no prior modifications to the contents of this directory. Perform - the following steps as root. + the following steps as root. @@ -5832,7 +5832,7 @@ both computers. Configure the network interface parameters for lp0 on both - sites as root. For example, if you want connect the host host1 + sites as root. For example, if you want connect the host host1 with host2 host1 <-----> host2 Index: handbook/backups/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/backups/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.46 diff -u -r1.46 chapter.sgml --- handbook/backups/chapter.sgml 1 Apr 2002 14:39:09 -0000 1.46 +++ handbook/backups/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:35:15 -0000 @@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ floppies. To backup all the files in the current directory and sub-directory - use this (as root): + use this (as root): &prompt.root; tar Mcvf /dev/fd0 * Index: handbook/boot/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.33 diff -u -r1.33 chapter.sgml --- handbook/boot/chapter.sgml 28 Feb 2002 10:09:52 -0000 1.33 +++ handbook/boot/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:38:36 -0000 @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ If the system console is set to insecure in /etc/ttys, then the system prompts for - the root password before initiating single-user mode. + the root password before initiating single-user mode. An Insecure Console in /etc/ttys @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ An insecure console means that you consider your physical security to the console to be insecure, and want to make sure only someone who knows the - root password may use single-user mode, and it does not + root password may use single-user mode, and it does not mean that you want to run your console insecurely. Thus, if you want security, choose insecure, not secure. Index: handbook/config/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.48 diff -u -r1.48 chapter.sgml --- handbook/config/chapter.sgml 23 Apr 2002 02:15:00 -0000 1.48 +++ handbook/config/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:26:01 -0000 @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ The startup scripts of FreeBSD will look in /usr/local/etc/rc.d for scripts that have an - .sh extension and are executable by root. Those + .sh extension and are executable by root. Those scripts that are found are called with an option at startup, and at shutdown to allow them to carry out their purpose. So if you wanted the above sample script to be Index: handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.118 diff -u -r1.118 chapter.sgml --- handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.sgml 7 Apr 2002 23:52:36 -0000 1.118 +++ handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:40:08 -0000 @@ -1786,7 +1786,7 @@ then set up /etc/make.conf properly to share distfiles. You should set DISTDIR to a common shared directory that is writable by whichever user - root is mapped to by your NFS mounts. Each + root is mapped to by your NFS mounts. Each machine should set WRKDIRPREFIX to a local build directory. Finally, if you are going to be building and distributing packages, you should set Index: handbook/install/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.148 diff -u -r1.148 chapter.sgml --- handbook/install/chapter.sgml 1 Apr 2002 14:48:10 -0000 1.148 +++ handbook/install/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:46:31 -0000 @@ -4096,9 +4096,9 @@ Add User/Groups You should add at least one user during the installation so - that you can use the system without being logged in as root. The + that you can use the system without being logged in as root. The root partition is generally small and running applications as - root can quickly fill it. A bigger danger is noted below: + root can quickly fill it. A bigger danger is noted below: User Confirmation Requested Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding @@ -4218,7 +4218,7 @@ login. The user was also added to the group wheel to be able to - become a superuser with root privileges. + become a superuser with root privileges. When you are satisfied, press &gui.ok; and the User and Group Management menu will redisplay. @@ -4254,7 +4254,7 @@ [ Press enter to continue ] - Press Enter to set the root password. + Press Enter to set the root password. The password will need to be typed in twice correctly. Needless to say, make sure you have a way of finding @@ -4332,7 +4332,7 @@ dmesg at the prompt. Login using the username/password you set during installation - (rpratt, in this example). Avoid logging in as root except when + (rpratt, in this example). Avoid logging in as root except when necessary. Typical boot messages: @@ -4506,8 +4506,8 @@ It is important to properly shutdown the operating system. Do not just turn off power. First, become a superuser by typing su at the command line and entering the - root password. This will work only if the user is a member of the - group wheel. Otherwise, login as root and use + root password. This will work only if the user is a member of the + group wheel. Otherwise, login as root and use shutdown -h now. The operating system has halted. Index: handbook/linuxemu/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.66 diff -u -r1.66 chapter.sgml --- handbook/linuxemu/chapter.sgml 27 Mar 2002 01:16:54 -0000 1.66 +++ handbook/linuxemu/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:48:17 -0000 @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ libraries? How do you know which shared libraries Linux binaries need, and where to get them? Basically, there are 2 possibilities (when following these instructions you will need - to be root on your FreeBSD system). + to be root on your FreeBSD system). If you have access to a Linux system, see what shared libraries the application needs, and copy them to your FreeBSD @@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ <command>make world</command> and a New Kernel The first thing to do is to install the sources. - As user root, do the following: + As user root, do the following: &prompt.root; cd /usr/src &prompt.root; make world @@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ Installing Linux Base-system - First the Linux base-system needs to be installed (as root): + First the Linux base-system needs to be installed (as root): &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base &prompt.root; make package @@ -1706,7 +1706,7 @@ &prompt.root; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/IDS/lib:/sapmnt/IDS/exe:/oracle/805_32/lib - Start R3SETUP as user root from installation + Start R3SETUP as user root from installation directory: &prompt.root; cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/install Index: handbook/mail/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.44 diff -u -r1.44 chapter.sgml --- handbook/mail/chapter.sgml 25 Apr 2002 22:34:48 -0000 1.44 +++ handbook/mail/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:50:33 -0000 @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ Add a script to /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ that ends in .sh and is executable by - root. The script should also accept the parameters 'start' + root. The script should also accept the parameters 'start' or 'stop'. So that you could, for example, execute /usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh start or /usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh stop. Index: handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.211 diff -u -r1.211 chapter.sgml --- handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml 25 Apr 2002 05:18:15 -0000 1.211 +++ handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:50:47 -0000 @@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ directory status files untouched when run this way. The new versions of those files will be written into the specified directory. As long as you have read access to - /usr/src, you do not even need to be root + /usr/src, you do not even need to be root to perform this kind of trial run. If you are not running X11 or if you just do not like GUIs, Index: handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.71 diff -u -r1.71 chapter.sgml --- handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml 13 Apr 2002 00:40:12 -0000 1.71 +++ handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 14:19:44 -0000 @@ -2003,7 +2003,7 @@ Running <application>PPP</application> - As root, you can run: + As root, you can run: &prompt.root; ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider @@ -2378,7 +2378,7 @@ Ctrl z - ) and as root, type: + ) and as root, type: &prompt.root; slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem Index: handbook/printing/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.55 diff -u -r1.55 chapter.sgml --- handbook/printing/chapter.sgml 24 Mar 2002 03:09:02 -0000 1.55 +++ handbook/printing/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:56:40 -0000 @@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ - Become root with the &man.su.1; command. Enter the - root password when prompted. + Become root with the &man.su.1; command. Enter the + root password when prompted. @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ - Become root with &man.su.1;. + Become root with &man.su.1;. @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ - Become root with &man.su.1;. + Become root with &man.su.1;. @@ -3293,7 +3293,7 @@ to have access to a printer in a certain group, and then name that group in the rg capability. - Users outside the group (including root) will be greeted with + Users outside the group (including root) will be greeted with lpr: Not a member of the restricted group @@ -4378,14 +4378,14 @@ printer is started or the queue is cleared. - If a queue is disabled, no user (except root) + If a queue is disabled, no user (except root) can submit jobs for the printer. An enabled queue allows jobs to be submitted. A printer can be started for a disabled queue, in which case it will continue to print jobs in the queue until the queue is empty. - In general, you have to have root privileges to use the + In general, you have to have root privileges to use the &man.lpc.8; command. Ordinary users can use the &man.lpc.8; command to get printer status and to restart a hung printer only. @@ -4428,12 +4428,12 @@ Disable queuing of new jobs. If the printer is running, it will continue to print any jobs remaining in the queue. The - superuser (root) can always submit jobs, even to a disabled + superuser (root) can always submit jobs, even to a disabled queue. This command is useful while you are testing a new printer or filter installation: disable the queue and submit jobs as - root. Other users will not be able to submit jobs until you + root. Other users will not be able to submit jobs until you complete your testing and re-enable the queue with the enable command. Index: handbook/serialcomms/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.57 diff -u -r1.57 chapter.sgml --- handbook/serialcomms/chapter.sgml 2 Apr 2002 21:39:00 -0000 1.57 +++ handbook/serialcomms/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:57:02 -0000 @@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV cuaa0 - Or use cu as root with the following + Or use cu as root with the following command: &prompt.root; cu -lline -sspeed Index: handbook/sound/chapter.sgml =================================================================== RCS file: /u/cvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/sound/chapter.sgml,v retrieving revision 1.29 diff -u -r1.29 chapter.sgml --- handbook/sound/chapter.sgml 12 Mar 2002 12:43:52 -0000 1.29 +++ handbook/sound/chapter.sgml 28 Apr 2002 13:57:33 -0000 @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ If the previous command returned pcm0, you will have to run the - following as root: + following as root: &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0 >Release-Note: >Audit-Trail: >Unformatted: To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org with "unsubscribe freebsd-doc" in the body of the message