Date: Fri, 05 Mar 1999 02:34:54 +0100 From: Roelof Osinga <roelof@eboa.com> To: Warren Brown <treetops@icon.co.za> Cc: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Subject: Re: + new Q: does disklabel reorder? Message-ID: <36DF34BE.AEE3A32@eboa.com> References: <004d01be6686$33dc9ee0$03d81ac4@warren>
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> Warren Brown wrote:
>
> Hi
>
> I've got a 6 gig ide hard drive, when I initially installed BSD I just chose
> automatic for everything. When I began to use BSD however, I quickly ran
> out of disk space. It seems that BSD picks up my hard drive as a 2gig. So
> I went to the web site and read the tips on how to use pfdisk to set up my
> cy/hd/sec, which I did, it came to 787/255/63. When I did a
> re-installation, it picked up the drive parameters. But when I try to
> create the various partitions ie / swap var and usr it gives me a load of
> error messages, one in particular is 'can't do without my init'. It also
> complains about the bad disk file etc etc.
I don't know what "pfdisk" is. But what are your BIOS parameters. Does
that also show your disk to be 787/255/63?
> So I installed linux to see if the same thing would happen, but linux just
> accepted my real settings ie 13410 15 63, complained about the cylinders
> being over 1024 but carried on with the installation 100%.
> I then wiped linux and installed bsd on the default partition of 2gigs.
Meaning your BIOS is 13410/15/63 using CHS not LBA? That could be a,
maybe the, source of problems. Contrary to Linux FreeBSD uses one
big partition in which it creates its own "slices".
Like this:
n669# fdisk
******* Working on device /dev/rwd0 *******
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=1247 heads=255 sectors/track=63 (16065 blks/cyl)
Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
cylinders=1247 heads=255 sectors/track=63 (16065 blks/cyl)
Media sector size is 512
Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
Information from DOS bootblock is:
The data for partition 1 is:
sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
start 63, size 20032992 (9781 Meg), flag 80 (active)
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 1;
end: cyl 1023/ sector 63/ head 254
The data for partition 2 is:
<UNUSED>
The data for partition 3 is:
<UNUSED>
The data for partition 4 is:
<UNUSED>
n669#
This disk a Quantum EL10.2A and in CHS reads 16383/16/63, some 9.787 MB.
As you can see only the first partition is used and nearly covers
the whole disk. Had I used CHS mode - been there, done that <g> - I
could expect trouble booting. Same like in Linux having one big
whopping root partition. Won't work. For IDE, of course, not SCSI.
Next you create the slices, like:
# /dev/rwd0:
type: ESDI
disk: wd0s1
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 63
tracks/cylinder: 175
sectors/cylinder: 11025
cylinders: 1818
sectors/unit: 20044080
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 65536 0 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 0 - 5*)
b: 543408 65536 swap # (Cyl. 5*- 55*)
c: 20044080 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 1818*)
d: 12103296 7940784 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 720*- 1818*)
e: 61440 608944 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 55*- 60*)
f: 102400 670384 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 60*- 70*)
g: 3072000 772784 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 70*- 348*)
h: 4096000 3844784 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 348*- 720*)
Which is of course the output from "disklabel -r /dev/rwd0". This
might make more sense:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 614400 0 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 0 - 38*)
b: 819200 614400 swap # (Cyl. 38*- 89*)
c: 20032992 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 1246*)
d: 9178592 10854400 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 675*- 1246*)
e: 614400 1433600 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 89*- 127*)
f: 614400 2048000 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 127*- 165*)
g: 4096000 2662400 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 165*- 420*)
h: 4096000 6758400 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 420*- 675*)
Being the output from "disklabel wd0". With this being
n669# mount
/dev/wd0s1a on / (local, writes: sync 20 async 2125)
/dev/wd0s1d on /home (NFS exported, local, writes: sync 10 async 79)
/dev/wd0s1f on /tmp (local, writes: sync 987 async 1306)
/dev/wd0s1g on /usr (local, writes: sync 31044 async 71333)
/dev/wd0s1h on /usr/local (local, writes: sync 3203 async 6931)
/dev/wd0s1e on /var (local, writes: sync 4432 async 8269)
procfs on /proc (local)
The way it's mounted. Which leads me to my own question. Is it normal
for FreeBSD to reorder ones partitions? I usually create the /home
disk last and find it very confusing to not see it last.
> How do I use the remaining 4gigs of hard drive space, without BSD
> complaining. I don't particularly want to switch back to linux because
> everything installs so nicely under BSD. Should I use the pfdisk utility to
> create two 2gig partitions, then how do I newfs without getting all those
> nasty messages.
Try it with the BIOS disk params set to LBA. The above config works,
so it is possible.
Roelof
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