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Date:      Sun, 28 Jan 2001 20:52:06 -0700
From:      dlr@davids.org
To:        questions@FreeBSD.ORG
Subject:   Fatal Kernel Trap
Message-ID:  <OF17403139.25CB4FA2-ON072569E3.0014852A@rhinonet.com>

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Machine: DEC Alphastation 200
FreeBSD Version: 4.2

I ran this Alpha station with version 4.0 from March of 2000 till Jan 2001 
with no errors. Since upgrading (fresh install, including newfs on the 
filesystems) I get these kernel panic messages:

Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: fatal kernel trap:
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: trap entry = 0x2 (memory management fault)
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: a0         = 0x14334900553561
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: a1         = 0x1
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: a2         = 0x0
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: pc         = 0xfffffc0000440090
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: ra         = 0xfffffc00004403e0
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: curproc    = 0
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: panic: trap
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: syncing disks...
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: done
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: Uptime: 18h43m2s

Jan 28 19:58:27 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 28 19:58:27 alpha2 /kernel: fatal kernel trap:
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: trap entry = 0x2 (memory management fault)
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: a0         = 0x14334900553563
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: a1         = 0x1
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: a2         = 0x0
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: pc         = 0xfffffc0000440090
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: ra         = 0xfffffc00004403e0
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: curproc    = 0
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: panic: trap
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel:
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: syncing disks... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
1 1 1
 1 1 1 1
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: giving up on 1 buffers
Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: Uptime: 8d11h1m55s

*** Is this a memory problem or a problem with the kernel?

*** My kernel config is at the end of this email.

David Richardson
dlr@davids.org
http://www.davids.org


machine         alpha
cpu             EV4
cpu             EV5
ident           GENERIC
maxusers        32

#makeoptions    DEBUG=-g                #Build kernel with gdb(1) debug 
symbols

# Platforms supported
options         DEC_2100_A50            # AlphaStation 200, 250, 255, 400

options         INET                    #InterNETworking
options         FFS                     #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options         FFS_ROOT                #FFS usable as root device [keep 
this!]
options         MFS                     #Memory Filesystem
options         MD_ROOT                 #MD is a potential root device
options         CD9660                  #ISO 9660 Filesystem
options         CD9660_ROOT             #CD-ROM usable as root device
options         PROCFS                  #Process filesystem
options         COMPAT_43               #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP 
THIS!]
options         SCSI_DELAY=15000        #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI 

options         UCONSOLE                #Allow users to grab the console
options         KTRACE                  #ktrace(1) syscall trace support
options         SYSVSHM                 #SYSV-style shared memory
options         SYSVMSG                 #SYSV-style message queues
options         SYSVSEM                 #SYSV-style semaphores
options         P1003_1B                #Posix P1003_1B real-time 
extentions
options         _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
options         ICMP_BANDLIM            #Rate limit bad replies

#firewall options
options         IPFILTER                #kernel ipfilter support
options         IPFILTER_LOG            #ipfilter logging

# Standard busses
device          isa
device          pci

# Floppy drives
device          fdc0    at isa? port IO_FD1 irq 6 drq 2
device          fd0     at fdc0 drive 0

# ATA and ATAPI devices
device          ata
device          atadisk         # ATA disk drives
device          atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives

# SCSI Controllers
device          ahc             # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
device          ncr             # NCR/Symbios Logic

# SCSI peripherals
device          scbus           # SCSI bus (required)
device          da              # Direct Access (disks)
device          sa              # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device          cd              # CD
device          pass            # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device          atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
device          atkbd0  at atkbdc? irq 1
device          psm0    at atkbdc? irq 12

device          vga0    at isa?

# splash screen/screen saver
pseudo-device   splash

# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device          sc0     at isa?

# real time clock
device          mcclock0 at isa? port 0x70

# Serial (COM) ports
device          sio0    at isa? port IO_COM1 irq 4
device          sio1    at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3 flags 0x50

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device          de              # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
device          miibus
device          xl

# Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocated.
pseudo-device   loop            # Network loopback
pseudo-device   ether           # Ethernet support
pseudo-device   pty
pseudo-device   ppp     1       # Kernel PPP

# The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
pseudo-device   bpf             #Berkeley packet filter

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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Machine: DEC Alphastation 200</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">FreeBSD Version: 4.2</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">I ran this Alpha station with version 4.0 from March of 2000 till Jan 2001 with no errors. Since upgrading (fresh install, including newfs on the filesystems) I get these kernel panic messages:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><br>
Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: fatal kernel trap:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: trap entry = 0x2 (memory management fault)</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: a0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0x14334900553561</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: a1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0x1</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: a2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0x0</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: pc &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0xfffffc0000440090</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: ra &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0xfffffc00004403e0</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: curproc &nbsp; &nbsp;= 0</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: panic: trap</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: syncing disks...</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: done</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 20 08:39:24 alpha2 /kernel: Uptime: 18h43m2s</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:27 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:27 alpha2 /kernel: fatal kernel trap:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: trap entry = 0x2 (memory management fault)</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: a0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0x14334900553563</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: a1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0x1</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: a2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0x0</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: pc &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0xfffffc0000440090</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: ra &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; = 0xfffffc00004403e0</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: curproc &nbsp; &nbsp;= 0</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: panic: trap</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel:</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: syncing disks... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">&nbsp;1 1 1 1</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: giving up on 1 buffers</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Jan 28 19:58:28 alpha2 /kernel: Uptime: 8d11h1m55s</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">*** Is this a memory problem or a problem with the kernel?</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">*** My kernel config is at the end of this email.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><br>
David Richardson<br>
dlr@davids.org<br>
http://www.davids.org</font>;
<br>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">machine &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;alpha</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">cpu &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;EV4</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">cpu &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;EV5</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">ident &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;GENERIC</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">maxusers &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;32</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">#makeoptions &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;DEBUG=-g &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># Platforms supported</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; DEC_2100_A50 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# AlphaStation 200, 250, 255, 400</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; INET &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#InterNETworking</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; FFS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Berkeley Fast Filesystem</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; FFS_ROOT &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#FFS usable as root device [keep this!]</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MFS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Memory Filesystem</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MD_ROOT &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#MD is a potential root device</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CD9660 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#ISO 9660 Filesystem</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CD9660_ROOT &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#CD-ROM usable as root device</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; PROCFS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Process filesystem</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; COMPAT_43 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SCSI_DELAY=15000 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI </font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; UCONSOLE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Allow users to grab the console</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; KTRACE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#ktrace(1) syscall trace support</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SYSVSHM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#SYSV-style shared memory</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SYSVMSG &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#SYSV-style message queues</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SYSVSEM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#SYSV-style semaphores</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;P1003_1B &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Posix P1003_1B real-time extentions</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ICMP_BANDLIM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Rate limit bad replies</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">#firewall options</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; IPFILTER &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#kernel ipfilter support</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">options &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; IPFILTER_LOG &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#ipfilter logging</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># Standard busses</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;isa</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;pci</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># Floppy drives</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fdc0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at isa? port IO_FD1 irq 6 drq 2</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fd0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at fdc0 drive 0</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># ATA and ATAPI devices</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ata</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;atadisk &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# ATA disk drives</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;atapicd &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# ATAPI CDROM drives</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># SCSI Controllers</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ahc &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ncr &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# NCR/Symbios Logic</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># SCSI peripherals</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;scbus &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# SCSI bus (required)</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;da &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# Direct Access (disks)</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;sa &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# Sequential Access (tape etc)</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;cd &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# CD</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;pass &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;atkbdc0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at isa? port IO_KBD</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;atkbd0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at atkbdc? irq 1</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;psm0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at atkbdc? irq 12</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;vga0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at isa?</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># splash screen/screen saver</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">pseudo-device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;splash</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;sc0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at isa?</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># real time clock</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;mcclock0 at isa? port 0x70</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># Serial (COM) ports</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;sio0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at isa? port IO_COM1 irq 4</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;sio1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3 flags 0x50</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># PCI Ethernet NICs.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;de &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; miibus</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;xl</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocated.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">pseudo-device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;loop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# Network loopback</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">pseudo-device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ether &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# Ethernet support</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">pseudo-device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;pty</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">pseudo-device &nbsp; ppp &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; # Kernel PPP</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"># Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">pseudo-device &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;bpf &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#Berkeley packet filter</font>
<br>
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