From owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Jan 5 11:10:55 2014 Return-Path: Delivered-To: questions@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 455A1B50 for ; Sun, 5 Jan 2014 11:10:55 +0000 (UTC) Received: from smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk (smtp6.infracaninophile.co.uk [IPv6:2001:8b0:151:1:3cd3:cd67:fafa:3d78]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C453C1642 for ; Sun, 5 Jan 2014 11:10:54 +0000 (UTC) Received: from seedling.black-earth.co.uk (seedling.black-earth.co.uk [81.2.117.99]) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id s05BAlYX081497 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO); Sun, 5 Jan 2014 11:10:48 GMT (envelope-from matthew@FreeBSD.org) DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.8.3 smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk s05BAlYX081497 Authentication-Results: smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk/s05BAlYX081497; dkim=none reason="no signature"; dkim-adsp=none Message-ID: <52C93DAF.8090307@FreeBSD.org> Date: Sun, 05 Jan 2014 11:10:39 +0000 From: Matthew Seaman User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/24.2.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Aravind Gopal , questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: problem related to read only file system in single user root login References: In-Reply-To: X-Enigmail-Version: 1.6 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha512; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="KNKgsT28P8WPUmBqtfUTlCB3RtHa96vU3" X-Virus-Scanned: clamav-milter 0.98 at lucid-nonsense.infracaninophile.co.uk X-Virus-Status: Clean X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.2 required=5.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,AWL,BAYES_00, DCC_CHECK autolearn=no version=3.3.2 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.2 (2011-06-06) on lucid-nonsense.infracaninophile.co.uk X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 05 Jan 2014 11:10:55 -0000 This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --KNKgsT28P8WPUmBqtfUTlCB3RtHa96vU3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On 05/01/2014 09:06, Aravind Gopal wrote: > Sir, > Sorry to bother you, I have a severe problem and I failed to solve it > myself. > I am new to freebsd and I have average knowledge about Linux. > What I have done is > 1) Installed FreeBSD 9.2 amd64(to a system with AMD phenom X4 840) > 2) Added a normal user(As I don't know about 'wheel' group, 'wheel' gro= up > was not added). > 3) Installed xorg and kde, as described in the handbook. > 4) restarted and entered in to the normal user(KDE). > 5) but could not upgrade/update/install new program/mount filesystem fr= om > the normal user with kde. > 6) As From kde loging screen, root login is not allowed. > 7) restarted and selected the 'single user mode' and logged in to 'root= ' > 8) as per the documentation I tried to add user to the 'wheel' group us= ing > 'pw groupmod'. But failed and the system message was 'read only file > system'. >=20 >=20 > As my cpu is amd and the annoying bug in the kernel is fixed in freeBSD= 10, > I need to upgrade. also i want to mount other partitions. >=20 > Frankly speaking I abandoned the pc After the failure of my trouble > shooting. >=20 > Do I need to install freeBSD again? >=20 > please help.... >=20 In order to fix this, you need a root shell. As you've discovered, on *BSD your userid needs to be a member of the wheel group in order to use su(1). I assume you don't have sudo(8) installed? Worth checking, but I doubt you'll get any joy from it, as it needs the sudoers file to be configured, and I'm sure you'ld remember doing something like that. So, you need to get a root login. As you say, KDE doesn't let you login directly as root. You may be able to login via the text console. It depends if your graphics hardware supports switching back and forth (cards like Nvidia and Radeon generally do: kernel mode graphics like Intel may not), and if the command is enabled in your X configuration (it should be, by default). Try pressing these three keys all together: Ctrl - Alt - F1 If that results in a black screen with some white text, then you're in luck. There should be a 'login:' prompt at the bottom of the screen. If not press return until it appears. Then login as root, giving the root password you will have set during the installation process. You'll get to a root shell running tcsh -- from here you an issue your pw(8) command to add your userid to the wheel group: # pw user mod -n userid -G wheel You probably also want to run: # sysctl vfs.usermount=3D1 and edit /etc/sysctl.conf to add vfs.usermount=3D1 so that setting is recreated on reboot. Now type 'logout' and then Ctrl-Alt-F9 which should get you back to your KDE session. If Ctrl-Alt-F1 doesn't get you to a usable console, then booting into single user as you did previously is the way to go. Once you get to the single user shell prompt, type this: # mount -u -o rw / which will remount the root partition read-write. You can then run the pw(8) and sysctl(8) commands as shown. Then type Ctrl-D and the system will carry on booting up to multi-user. Cheers, Matthew --=20 Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 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