From owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Nov 30 13:28:02 2014 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id F018A750 for ; Sun, 30 Nov 2014 13:28:01 +0000 (UTC) Received: from alogt.com (alogt.com [69.36.191.58]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C43E42DA for ; Sun, 30 Nov 2014 13:28:01 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=alogt.com; s=default; h=Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-Type:MIME-Version:References:In-Reply-To:Message-ID:Subject:Cc:To:From:Date; bh=2OppatUFN7EVrpPhfNkpyOQrFwq8vmIYFIX3Oh16hmY=; b=iKst+06RT8+lh/Wkd/kkmVxXlkskR6lHvUYlylHHOYXujHdKOiDlVQ/wbuTliyAPPf3Bu0KB3qexdJtLpNoPjYQAVdhufltkd/bzw9qecbzWJenFZmVhwPc0mWoDIUVMlF2TYwnkr4rEDM2fdQP6yiCM3s3Z9Xy2KdMH3CxWS+8=; Received: from [114.124.6.0] (port=59173 helo=X220.alogt.com) by sl-508-2.slc.westdc.net with esmtpa (Exim 4.84) (envelope-from ) id 1Xv4XX-003k4O-U3; Sun, 30 Nov 2014 06:27:53 -0700 Date: Sun, 30 Nov 2014 21:27:46 +0800 From: Erich Dollansky To: perryh@pluto.rain.com (Perry Hutchison) Subject: Re: OT: UPS for FreeBSD Message-ID: <20141130212746.6d5eaf1f@X220.alogt.com> In-Reply-To: <54798883.saa13h6lE6rPwZCf%perryh@pluto.rain.com> References: <54777AB1.9010800@bluerosetech.com> <54779629.302@bluerosetech.com> <5478BD4F.7020306@yahoo.com> <5478BEE6.30308@bluerosetech.com> <5478CC08.9090307@yahoo.com> <20141128204722.561f948e@archlinux> <5478F16A.80605@yahoo.com> <54791d3a.w/pI0kak03d+3nKC%perryh@pluto.rain.com> <20141129113405.3d1bd1d6@X220.alogt.com> <54798883.saa13h6lE6rPwZCf%perryh@pluto.rain.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - sl-508-2.slc.westdc.net X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - freebsd.org X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [47 12] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - alogt.com X-Get-Message-Sender-Via: sl-508-2.slc.westdc.net: authenticated_id: erichsfreebsdlist@alogt.com X-Source: X-Source-Args: X-Source-Dir: Cc: kudzu@tenebras.com, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18-1 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 30 Nov 2014 13:28:02 -0000 Hi, On Sat, 29 Nov 2014 00:49:07 -0800 perryh@pluto.rain.com (Perry Hutchison) wrote: > Erich Dollansky wrote: > > As switching voltage regulators use a few hundred volts, > > it is a bit difficult to match this with a battery. > > Depends on how many cells one is willing to string together > in series. IIUC the battery in a Toyota Prius supplies a > few hundred volts. are you sure? > > However, there is no intrinsic reason why a switching regulator > _has to_ take a few hundred volts as input. Those under discussion > here are set up that way because that is what is easily and cheaply > available: > The reason is very simple: cost. > 120VAC ==> full-wave rectifier ==> ~300 VDC ==> switching regulator > | | > 12VDC <--+ | > | > 5VDC <------+ > > (That is typical for North America; in Europe the AC would be > ~240V and the DC therefore ~600V.) > > To integrate a UPS with the PSU, one would instead build something > along the lines of: > > multitapped > 120VAC ==> step-down ==> 6VAC ==> full-wave ==> ~15VDC ==> battery1 > transformer rectifier > | > +---> 3VAC ==> full-wave ==> ~7.5VDC ==> battery2 > rectifier > > battery1 ==> regulator ==> 12VDC > > battery2 ==> regulator ==> 5VDC > How much energy is then wasted? On the other side, there are concepts used in which the 'power supply' converts the incoming 230V AC to something like 48V which is then brought to the individual sections of a large computer and there onverted into the required voltage. > IOW the computer runs off the batteries, which are charged by the > stepped-down but unregulated (or minimally-regulated) line voltage. > > There is nothing the least bit new about this -- the telephone > industry was doing it in the mid 20th century. They installed > enough battery capacity for their system to run on battery power > alone for however long it would take to get their standby generators > started up (or for at least a few days in smaller offices that did > not have standby generators). The real big data centres should still use the same concept. The last big data centre used 100% the same concept the telecommunication industry uses for their own network. The data centre used even to have in the basement a 'swimming pool' which kept below the freezing point to have even cooling available without the need to power it with the generators. Erich