From owner-svn-doc-head@FreeBSD.ORG Mon Jan 20 22:35:38 2014 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5A38FCCC; Mon, 20 Jan 2014 22:35:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 43D8112A1; Mon, 20 Jan 2014 22:35:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id s0KMZckY020396; Mon, 20 Jan 2014 22:35:38 GMT (envelope-from wblock@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from wblock@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id s0KMZciN020395; Mon, 20 Jan 2014 22:35:38 GMT (envelope-from wblock@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201401202235.s0KMZciN020395@svn.freebsd.org> From: Warren Block Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2014 22:35:38 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43599 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: SVN commit messages for the doc tree for head List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2014 22:35:38 -0000 Author: wblock Date: Mon Jan 20 22:35:37 2014 New Revision: 43599 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43599 Log: Whitespace-only fixes, translators please ignore. Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml Mon Jan 20 22:33:46 2014 (r43598) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml Mon Jan 20 22:35:37 2014 (r43599) @@ -4,16 +4,25 @@ $FreeBSD$ --> - - Introduction + + + + Introduction + - JimMockRestructured, reorganized, and parts - rewritten by + + + Jim + Mock + + Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten + by + - - Synopsis @@ -54,15 +63,15 @@ 4.4BSD-Lite - &os; is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for - Intel (x86 and &itanium;), AMD64, Sun - &ultrasparc; computers. Ports to other - architectures are also underway. You can also - read about the history of &os;, - or the current release. If you - are interested in contributing something to the Project (code, - hardware, funding), see the Contributing to - &os; article. + &os; is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for Intel (x86 + and &itanium;), AMD64, Sun &ultrasparc; computers. Ports to + other architectures are also underway. You can also read about + the history of &os;, or the + current release. If you are + interested in contributing something to the Project (code, + hardware, funding), see the Contributing + to &os; article. What Can &os; Do? @@ -72,8 +81,8 @@ - Preemptive - multitasking + Preemptive multitasking + preemptive multitasking with dynamic priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing of the computer between @@ -116,11 +125,12 @@ - The industry standard X Window - System - X Window System - (X11R7) can provide a graphical user interface - (GUI) on any machine and comes with full sources. + The industry standard + X Window System + X Window System + (X11R7) can provide a graphical user + interface (GUI) on any machine and comes with full + sources. @@ -350,10 +360,12 @@ embedded With support for the &arm;, &mips; and &powerpc; - platforms, coupled with a robust network stack, - cutting edge features and the permissive BSD license - &os; makes an excellent foundation for building - embedded routers, firewalls, and other devices. + platforms, coupled with a robust network stack, cutting + edge features and the permissive BSD + license &os; makes an excellent foundation for + building embedded routers, firewalls, and other + devices. @@ -393,7 +405,8 @@ &os; is available to download free of charge, or can be - obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see for more information about obtaining + obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see + for more information about obtaining &os;. @@ -413,50 +426,63 @@ - Apache - Apache - The Apache - Software Foundation runs most of its public facing - infrastructure, including possibly one of the largest SVN - repositories in the world with over 1.4 million commits, - on &os;. + + Apache + + Apache + - The Apache Software Foundation runs most of + its public facing infrastructure, including possibly one + of the largest SVN repositories in the world with over 1.4 + million commits, on &os;. - Apple - Apple - OS X borrows - heavily from &os; for the network stack, virtual file - system, and many userland components. Apple iOS also - contains elements borrowed from &os;. + Apple + + Apple + - OS X borrows heavily from &os; for the + network stack, virtual file system, and many userland + components. Apple iOS also contains elements borrowed + from &os;. - Cisco - Cisco - IronPort network - security and anti-spam appliances run a modified &os; - kernel. + Cisco + + Cisco + - IronPort network security and anti-spam + appliances run a modified &os; kernel. - Citrix - Citrix - The NetScaler - line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load - balancing, content caching, application firewall, secure - VPN, and mobile cloud network access, along with the power - of a &os; shell. + Citrix + + Citrix + - The NetScaler line of security appliances + provide layer 4-7 load balancing, content caching, + application firewall, secure VPN, and mobile cloud network + access, along with the power of a &os; shell. Dell - KACEDell - KACE - The KACE system - management appliances run &os; because of its - reliability, scalability, and the community that supports - its continued development. + KACE + + Dell KACE + - The KACE system management appliances run + &os; because of its reliability, scalability, and the + community that supports its continued development. - Experts - Exchange + Experts + Exchange + Experts Exchange - All public facing web servers are powered by &os; and they make extensive use of jails to isolate @@ -465,133 +491,171 @@ - Isilon - Isilon - Isilon's - enterprise storage appliances are based on &os;. The - extremely liberal &os; license allowed Isilon to integrate - their intellectual property throughout the kernel and - focus on building their product instead of an operating - system. + Isilon + + Isilon + - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances + are based on &os;. The extremely liberal &os; license + allowed Isilon to integrate their intellectual property + throughout the kernel and focus on building their product + instead of an operating system. + - iXsystems - iXsystems - The TrueNAS - line of unified storage appliances is based on &os;. In - addition to their commercial products, iXsystems also - manages development of the open source projects PC-BSD - and FreeNAS. + iXsystems + + iXsystems + - The TrueNAS line of unified storage + appliances is based on &os;. In addition to their + commercial products, iXsystems also manages development of + the open source projects PC-BSD and FreeNAS. - Juniper - Juniper - The JunOS - operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear - (including routers, switches, security, and networking - appliances) is based on &os;. Juniper is one of many - vendors that showcases the symbiotic relationship between - the project and vendors of commercial products. - Improvements generated at Juniper are upstreamed into - &os; to reduce the complexity of integrating new - features from &os; back into JunOS in the future. + Juniper + + Juniper + - The JunOS operating system that powers all + Juniper networking gear (including routers, switches, + security, and networking appliances) is based on &os;. + Juniper is one of many vendors that showcases the + symbiotic relationship between the project and vendors of + commercial products. Improvements generated at Juniper + are upstreamed into &os; to reduce the complexity of + integrating new features from &os; back into JunOS in the + future. - McAfee - McAfee - SecurOS, the - basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including - Sidewinder is based on &os;. + McAfee + + McAfee + - SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise + firewall products including Sidewinder is based on + &os;. - NetApp - NetApp - The Data ONTAP - GX line of storage appliances are based on &os;. In - addition, NetApp has contributed back many features, - including the new BSD licensed hypervisor, bhyve. + NetApp + + NetApp + - The Data ONTAP GX line of storage + appliances are based on &os;. In addition, NetApp has + contributed back many features, including the new BSD + licensed hypervisor, bhyve. - Netflix - Netflix - The OpenConnect - appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its - customers is based on &os;. Netflix has make extensive - contributions to the codebase and works to maintain a zero - delta from mainline &os;. Netflix OpenConnect appliances - are responsible for delivering more than 32% of all - Internet traffic in North America. + Netflix + + Netflix + - The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix + uses to stream movies to its customers is based on &os;. + Netflix has make extensive contributions to the codebase + and works to maintain a zero delta from mainline &os;. + Netflix OpenConnect appliances are responsible for + delivering more than 32% of all Internet traffic in North + America. - Sandvine - Sandvine - - Sandvine uses &os; as the basis of their high - performance realtime network processing platforms that - make up their intelligent network policy control + Sandvine + + Sandvine + - Sandvine uses &os; as the basis of their + high performance realtime network processing platforms + that make up their intelligent network policy control products. Sony - Sony - - The PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version - of &os;. + + Sony + - The PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a + modified version of &os;. - Sophos - Sophos - - The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a - hardened &os; and scans inbound mail for spam and viruses, - while also monitoring outbound mail for malware as well as - the accidental loss of sensitive information. + Sophos + + Sophos + - The Sophos Email Appliance product is based + on a hardened &os; and scans inbound mail for spam and + viruses, while also monitoring outbound mail for malware + as well as the accidental loss of sensitive + information. - Spectra Logic - Spectra Logic - - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run - &os; and OpenZFS. + Spectra + Logic + + Spectra Logic + - The nTier line of archive grade storage + appliances run &os; and OpenZFS. The Weather - ChannelThe Weather - Channel - The IntelliStar - appliance that is installed at each local cable - providers headend and is responsible for injecting local - weather forecasts into the cable TV network's programming - runs &os;. + Channel + + The Weather Channel + + - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed + at each local cable providers headend and is responsible + for injecting local weather forecasts into the cable TV + network's programming runs &os;. - Verisign - Verisign - - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net - root domain registries as well as the accompanying DNS - infrastructure. They rely on a number of different - network operating systems including &os; to ensure there - is no common point of failure in their + Verisign + + Verisign + + - Verisign is responsible for operating the + .com and .net root domain registries as well as the + accompanying DNS infrastructure. They rely on a number of + different network operating systems including &os; to + ensure there is no common point of failure in their infrastructure. - WhatsApp - WhatsApp - When - WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle - more than 1 million concurrent TCP connections per server, - they chose &os;. They then proceeded to scale past 2.5 - million connections per server. + WhatsApp + + WhatsApp + - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would + be able to handle more than 1 million concurrent TCP + connections per server, they chose &os;. They then + proceeded to scale past 2.5 million connections per + server. - Wheel Systems - Wheel Systems - - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to - monitor, control, record, and audit contractors and - administrators who work on their systems. Based on all of - the best security features of &os; including ZFS, GELI, - Capsicum, HAST, and auditdistd. + Wheel + Systems + + Wheel Systems + + - The FUDO security appliance allows + enterprises to monitor, control, record, and audit + contractors and administrators who work on their systems. + Based on all of the best security features of &os; + including ZFS, GELI, Capsicum, HAST, and + auditdistd. @@ -600,74 +664,94 @@ - BSD Router - BSD Router - A &os; based - replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run - on standard PC hardware. + BSD + Router + + BSD Router + - A &os; based replacement for large + enterprise routers designed to run on standard PC + hardware. - FreeNAS - FreeNAS - A customized - &os; designed to be used as a network file server - appliance. Provides a python based web interface to - simplify the management of both the UFS and ZFS file - systems. Includes support for NFS, SMB/CIFS, AFP, FTP, - and iSCSI. Includes an extensible plugin system based on - &os; jails. + FreeNAS + + FreeNAS + - A customized &os; designed to be used as a + network file server appliance. Provides a python based + web interface to simplify the management of both the UFS + and ZFS file systems. Includes support for NFS, SMB/CIFS, + AFP, FTP, and iSCSI. Includes an extensible plugin system + based on &os; jails. - GhostBSD - GhostBSD - A desktop - oriented distribution of &os; bundled with the Gnome - desktop environment. + GhostBSD + + GhostBSD + - A desktop oriented distribution of &os; + bundled with the Gnome desktop environment. - mfsBSD - mfsBSD - A toolkit for - building a &os; system image that runs entirely from - memory. + mfsBSD + + mfsBSD + - A toolkit for building a &os; system image + that runs entirely from memory. - NAS4Free - NAS4Free - A file server - distribution based on &os; with a PHP powered web - interface. + NAS4Free + + NAS4Free + - A file server distribution based on &os; + with a PHP powered web interface. - PC-BSD - PC-BSD - A customized - version of &os; geared towards desktop users with - graphical utilities to exposing the power of &os; to - all users. Designed to ease the transition of Windows and - OS X users. + PC-BSD + + PC-BSD + - A customized version of &os; geared towards + desktop users with graphical utilities to exposing the + power of &os; to all users. Designed to ease the + transition of Windows and OS X users. - pfSense - pfSense - A firewall - distribution based on &os; with a huge array of features - and extensive IPv6 support. + pfSense + + pfSense + - A firewall distribution based on &os; with + a huge array of features and extensive IPv6 + support. - m0n0wall - m0n0wall - A stripped - down version of &os; bundled with a web server and PHP. - Designed as an embedded firewall appliance with a - footprint of less than 12 MB. + m0n0wall + + m0n0wall + - A stripped down version of &os; bundled + with a web server and PHP. Designed as an embedded + firewall appliance with a footprint of less than + 12 MB. - ZRouter - ZRouter - An open source - alternative firmware for embedded devices based on &os;. - Designed to replace the proprietary firmware on - off-the-shelf routers. + ZRouter + + ZRouter + - An open source alternative firmware for + embedded devices based on &os;. Designed to replace the + proprietary firmware on off-the-shelf routers. @@ -676,69 +760,94 @@ - Yahoo! - Yahoo! + Yahoo! + + Yahoo! + - Yandex - Yandex + Yandex + + Yandex + - Rambler - Rambler + Rambler + + Rambler + - Sina + Sina + Sina Pair - Networks - Pair Networks + Networks + + Pair Networks + Sony - Japan - Sony Japan + Japan + + Sony Japan + - Netcraft - Netcraft + Netcraft + + Netcraft + - Netflix - Netflix + Netflix + + Netflix + - NetEase - NetEase + NetEase + + NetEase + - Weathernews - Weathernews + Weathernews + + Weathernews + TELEHOUSE - America + America + TELEHOUSE America - and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a - list of products based on &os; + and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a list + of products based on &os; @@ -760,19 +869,18 @@ FreeBSD Project history + The &os; Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as an outgrowth of the Unofficial - 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 - coordinators: Nate Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan - Hubbard. + 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 coordinators: Nate + Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan Hubbard. 386BSD The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism just was not capable of solving. The - early working title for the project was - 386BSD 0.5 or 386BSD Interim in - reference of that fact. + early working title for the project was 386BSD 0.5 or 386BSD + Interim in reference of that fact. Jolitz, Bill 386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been @@ -787,21 +895,22 @@ Greenman, David Walnut Creek CDROM - The trio thought that the goal remained - worthwhile, even without Bill's support, and so they adopted - the name "&os;" coined by David Greenman. The initial - objectives were set after consulting with the system's current - users and, once it became clear that the project was on the - road to perhaps even becoming a reality, Jordan contacted - Walnut Creek CDROM with an eye toward improving &os;'s - distribution channels for those many unfortunates without easy - access to the Internet. Walnut Creek CDROM not only supported - the idea of distributing &os; on CD but also went so far as to - provide the project with a machine to work on and a fast - Internet connection. Without Walnut Creek CDROM's almost - unprecedented degree of faith in what was, at the time, a - completely unknown project, it is quite unlikely that &os; - would have gotten as far, as fast, as it has today. + + The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even + without Bill's support, and so they adopted the name "&os;" + coined by David Greenman. The initial objectives were set + after consulting with the system's current users and, once it + became clear that the project was on the road to perhaps even + becoming a reality, Jordan contacted Walnut Creek CDROM with + an eye toward improving &os;'s distribution channels for those + many unfortunates without easy access to the Internet. Walnut + Creek CDROM not only supported the idea of distributing &os; + on CD but also went so far as to provide the project with a + machine to work on and a fast Internet connection. Without + Walnut Creek CDROM's almost unprecedented degree of faith in + what was, at the time, a completely unknown project, it is + quite unlikely that &os; would have gotten as far, as fast, as + it has today. 4.3BSD-Lite Net/2 @@ -847,11 +956,10 @@ requirements) and the fact that the Intel port of 4.4 was highly incomplete. It took the project until November of 1994 to make this transition, and in December it released - &os; 2.0 to the world. - Despite being still more than a little rough around the edges, - the release was a significant success and was followed by the - more robust and easier to install &os; 2.0.5 release in - June of 1995. + &os; 2.0 to the world. Despite being still more than a + little rough around the edges, the release was a significant + success and was followed by the more robust and easier to + install &os; 2.0.5 release in June of 1995. Since that time, &os; has made a series of releases each time improving the stability, speed, and feature set of the @@ -859,19 +967,26 @@ For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot - releases of 10.X are continually made available from the + releases of 10.X are continually made available from the snapshot server as work progresses. - &os; Project Goals + + &os; Project Goals + - JordanHubbardContributed by + + + Jordan + Hubbard + + Contributed by + - - FreeBSD Project goals @@ -906,23 +1021,31 @@ - The &os; Development Model + + The &os; Development Model + - SatoshiAsamiContributed by + + + Satoshi + Asami + + Contributed by + - - FreeBSD Project development model + The development of &os; is a very open and flexible - process, being literally built from the contributions - of thousands of people around the world, as can be seen from - our list of - contributors. &os;'s development infrastructure + process, being literally built from the contributions of + thousands of people around the world, as can be seen from our + list + of contributors. &os;'s development infrastructure allow these thousands of contributors to collaborate over the Internet. We are constantly on the lookout for new developers and ideas, and those interested in becoming more closely @@ -937,7 +1060,9 @@ - The SVN repositories + The SVN repositories + @@ -969,50 +1094,56 @@ was maintained by CVS (Concurrent Versions System), a freely available source - code control tool. In June - 2008, the Project switched to using SVN + code control tool. In June 2008, the Project switched + to using SVN (Subversion). The switch was deemed necessary, as the technical limitations imposed by - CVS were becoming obvious - due to the rapid expansion of the source tree and the - amount of history already stored. The Documentation - Project and Ports Collection repositories also moved - from CVS to + CVS were becoming obvious due + to the rapid expansion of the source tree and the amount + of history already stored. The Documentation Project + and Ports Collection repositories also moved from + CVS to SVN in May 2012 and July - 2012, respectively. Please - refer to the Synchronizing - your source tree section for more information on - obtaining the &os; src/ repository - and Using the Ports + 2012, respectively. Please refer to the Synchronizing your source + tree section for more information on obtaining + the &os; src/ repository and Using the Ports Collection for details on obtaining the &os; Ports Collection. - The committers list + The committers list - The committers - committers - are the people who have write - access to the Subversion tree, and are authorized to - make modifications to the &os; source (the term - committer comes from the source control - commit command, which is used to - bring new changes into the repository). The best way of - making submissions for review by the committers list is - to use the &man.send-pr.1; command. If something - appears to be jammed in the system, then you may also - reach them by sending mail to the &a.committers;. + The committers + + committers + are the people who have + write access to the Subversion + tree, and are authorized to make modifications to the + &os; source (the term committer comes + from the source control commit + command, which is used to bring new changes into the + repository). The best way of making submissions for + review by the committers list is to use the + &man.send-pr.1; command. If something appears to be + jammed in the system, then you may also reach them by + sending mail to the &a.committers;. - The FreeBSD core team + The FreeBSD core team - The &os; core team + The &os; core team + core team would be equivalent to the board of directors if the &os; Project were a company. The @@ -1032,9 +1163,9 @@ it comes to &os; development and do not benefit from the project financially, so commitment should also not be misconstrued as meaning - guaranteed support. The board - of directors analogy above is not very - accurate, and it may be more suitable to say that + guaranteed support. The + board of directors analogy above is not + very accurate, and it may be more suitable to say that these are the people who gave up their lives in favor of &os; against their better judgement! @@ -1050,19 +1181,23 @@ and bug fixes to us on an almost constant basis. The primary way of keeping in touch with &os;'s more non-centralized development is to subscribe to the - &a.hackers; where such things are discussed. See for more information about the - various &os; mailing lists. - - The - &os; Contributors List - contributors is a long - and growing one, so why not join it by contributing - something back to &os; today? + &a.hackers; where such things are discussed. See + for more information about + the various &os; mailing lists. + + The + &os; Contributors List + + contributors + is a long and growing one, so why not join *** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***