From owner-svn-doc-all@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [8.8.178.115]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 85EE35EE; Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 66DCD868; Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.8/8.14.8) with ESMTP id s2U2nIGV022438; Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 GMT (envelope-from wblock@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from wblock@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.8/8.14.8/Submit) id s2U2nIQi022437; Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 GMT (envelope-from wblock@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201403300249.s2U2nIQi022437@svn.freebsd.org> From: Warren Block Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44389 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-all@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.17 Precedence: list List-Id: "SVN commit messages for the entire doc trees \(except for " user" , " projects" , and " translations" \)" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 -0000 Author: wblock Date: Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014 New Revision: 44389 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44389 Log: Recover lost tags. Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml Sun Mar 30 02:31:02 2014 (r44388) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014 (r44389) @@ -560,20 +560,20 @@ add path 'da*' mode 0660 group operator< the user that is to mount the file system. One way to do that is for root to create a subdirectory owned by that user as - /mnt/username. In the following example, + /mnt/username. In the following example, replace username with the login name of the user and usergroup with the user's primary group: - &prompt.root; mkdir /mnt/username -&prompt.root; chown username:usergroup /mnt/username + &prompt.root; mkdir /mnt/username +&prompt.root; chown username:usergroup /mnt/username Suppose a USB thumbdrive is plugged in, and a device /dev/da0s1 appears. If the device is preformatted with a FAT file system, it can be mounted using: - &prompt.user; mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username + &prompt.user; mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username Before the device can be unplugged, it must be unmounted first. After device @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ umass0: detached file system that is an image of a directory tree in the &unix; file system name space. The simplest usage is: - &prompt.root; mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree + &prompt.root; mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree file systems @@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ umass0: detached installed as /usr/sbin/burncd. Usage is very simple, as it has few options: - &prompt.root; burncd -f cddevice data imagefile.iso fixate + &prompt.root; burncd -f cddevice data imagefile.iso fixate This command will burn a copy of imagefile.iso on @@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ umass0: detached usage is simple. Burning an ISO 9660 image is done with: - &prompt.root; cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso + &prompt.root; cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso The tricky part of using cdrecord is finding the to use. To find the proper @@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ scsibus1: Use cdrecord to write the .wav files: - &prompt.user; cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo *.wav + &prompt.user; cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo *.wav Make sure that 2,0 is set appropriately, as described in The ATAPI CD driver makes each track available as - /dev/acddtnn, where + /dev/acddtnn, where d is the drive number, and nn is the track number written with two decimal digits, prefixed with zero as needed. So @@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ scsibus1: files, and that burncd should fixate the disk when finished: - &prompt.root; burncd -f /dev/acd0 audio track1.cdr track2.cdr ... fixate + &prompt.root; burncd -f /dev/acd0 audio track1.cdr track2.cdr ... fixate @@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed mount a CD-ROM on /mnt, type the following: - &prompt.root; mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt + &prompt.root; mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt As root, run the following command to get the SCSI address @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed /path/to/data, use the following command: - &prompt.root; growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data + &prompt.root; growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data In this example, is passed to &man.mkisofs.8; to create an ISO 9660 file system with Joliet @@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed To burn a pre-mastered image, such as imagefile.iso, use: - &prompt.root; growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso + &prompt.root; growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso The write speed should be detected and automatically set according to the media and the drive being used. To force the @@ -1326,11 +1326,11 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed To create this type of ISO file: - &prompt.user; mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data + &prompt.user; mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data To burn files directly to a disk: - &prompt.root; growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data + &prompt.root; growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data When an ISO image already contains large files, no additional options are required for &man.growisofs.1; to @@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed /path/to/video, the following command should be used to burn the DVD-Video: - &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video + &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video is passed to &man.mkisofs.8; to instruct it to create a DVD-Video file system layout. @@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed is possible to use dvd+rw-format to format the DVD+RW: - &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0 + &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0 Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that only virgin DVD+RW medias need to be @@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed to be blanked first. Instead, write over the previous recording like this: - &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata + &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata The DVD+RW format supports appending data to a previous recording. This operation consists of @@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed For example, to append data to a DVD+RW, use the following: - &prompt.root; growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata + &prompt.root; growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata The same &man.mkisofs.8; options used to burn the initial session should be used during next writes. @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed To blank the media, use: - &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero + &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero @@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed To blank a DVD-RW in sequential mode: - &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0 + &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0 A full blanking using will @@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed (DAO) mode. To burn the DVD-RW in DAO mode, use the command: - &prompt.root; growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso + &prompt.root; growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso Since &man.growisofs.1; automatically attempts to detect fast blanked media and engage DAO write, @@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed use the same instructions as for the other DVD formats: - &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data + &prompt.root; growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data To append some data to a previous recording, use with &man.growisofs.1;. However, if data @@ -1495,11 +1495,11 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed To put a DVD-RW in restricted overwrite format, the following command must be used: - &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0 + &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0 To change back to sequential format, use: - &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0 + &prompt.root; dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0 @@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed session on a DVD+R, DVD-R, or DVD-RW in sequential format, will add a new session to the disc: - &prompt.root; growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata + &prompt.root; growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata Using this command with a DVD+RW or a DVD-RW in restricted overwrite mode will @@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed For More Information To obtain more information about a DVD, - use dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/cd0 while the + use dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/cd0 while the disc in the specified drive. More information about @@ -1580,9 +1580,9 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed used. In this example, the whole disk space will be formatted with a standard UFS2 file system: - &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/acd0 bs=2k count=1 -&prompt.root; bsdlabel -Bw acd0 -&prompt.root; newfs /dev/acd0 + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/acd0 bs=2k count=1 +&prompt.root; bsdlabel -Bw acd0 +&prompt.root; newfs /dev/acd0 The DVD device, acd0, must be changed according to the @@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Once the DVD-RAM has been formatted, it can be mounted as a normal hard drive: - &prompt.root; mount /dev/acd0 /mnt + &prompt.root; mount /dev/acd0 /mnt Once mounted, the DVD-RAM will be both readable and writeable. @@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed An example of writing a single file to tape using &man.tar.1;: - &prompt.root; tar cvf /dev/sa0 file + &prompt.root; tar cvf /dev/sa0 file Recovering files from a &man.tar.1; archive on tape into the current directory: @@ -1943,7 +1943,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Backing Up the Current Directory With <command>tar</command> - &prompt.root; tar czvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz . + &prompt.root; tar czvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz . To restore the entire backup, cd into @@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Restoring Up the Current Directory With <command>tar</command> - &prompt.root; tar xzvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz + &prompt.root; tar xzvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz There are dozens of available switches which are described @@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Using<command>ls</command> and <command>cpio</command> to Make a Recursive Backup of the Current Directory - &prompt.root; ls -R | cpio -ovF /tmp/mybackup.cpio + &prompt.root; ls -R | cpio -ovF /tmp/mybackup.cpio @@ -2015,7 +2015,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Backing Up the Current Directory With <command>pax</command> - &prompt.root; pax -wf /tmp/mybackup.pax . + &prompt.root; pax -wf /tmp/mybackup.pax . @@ -2169,8 +2169,8 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Using <command>mdconfig</command> to Mount an Existing File System Image - &prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t vnode -f diskimage -u 0 -&prompt.root; mount /dev/md0 /mnt + &prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t vnode -f diskimage -u 0 +&prompt.root; mount /dev/md0 /mnt To create a new file system image with @@ -2180,18 +2180,18 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed Creating a New File-Backed Disk with <command>mdconfig</command> - &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k 5120+0 records in 5120+0 records out -&prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t vnode -f newimage -u 0 -&prompt.root; bsdlabel -w md0 auto -&prompt.root; newfs md0a +&prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t vnode -f newimage -u 0 +&prompt.root; bsdlabel -w md0 auto +&prompt.root; newfs md0a /dev/md0a: 5.0MB (10224 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4 cylinder groups of 1.25MB, 80 blks, 192 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 2720, 5280, 7840 -&prompt.root; mount /dev/md0a /mnt -&prompt.root; df /mnt +&prompt.root; mount /dev/md0a /mnt +&prompt.root; df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/md0a 4710 4 4330 0% /mnt @@ -2215,11 +2215,11 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Configure and Mount a File-Backed Disk with <command>mdmfs</command> - &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k 5120+0 records in 5120+0 records out -&prompt.root; mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt -&prompt.root; df /mnt +&prompt.root; mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt +&prompt.root; df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/md0 4718 4 4338 0% /mnt @@ -2252,15 +2252,15 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with <command>mdconfig</command> - &prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t swap -s 5m -u 1 -&prompt.root; newfs -U md1 + &prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t swap -s 5m -u 1 +&prompt.root; newfs -U md1 /dev/md1: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 192 inodes. with soft updates super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 2752, 5344, 7936 -&prompt.root; mount /dev/md1 /mnt -&prompt.root; df /mnt +&prompt.root; mount /dev/md1 /mnt +&prompt.root; df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/md1 4718 4 4338 0% /mnt @@ -2269,8 +2269,8 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with <command>mdmfs</command> - &prompt.root; mdmfs -s 5m md2 /mnt -&prompt.root; df /mnt + &prompt.root; mdmfs -s 5m md2 /mnt +&prompt.root; df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/md2 4846 2 4458 0% /mnt @@ -2293,7 +2293,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity For example, to detach and free all resources used by /dev/md4: - &prompt.root; mdconfig -d -u 4 + &prompt.root; mdconfig -d -u 4 It is possible to list information about configured &man.md.4; devices by running @@ -2755,7 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity . For the purposes of this example, a new hard drive partition has been added as /dev/ad4s1c and - /dev/ad0s1* represents the existing + /dev/ad0s1* represents the existing standard &os; partitions. &prompt.root; ls /dev/ad* @@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@ sector_size = 2048 &man.newfs.8; must be performed on an attached gbde partition which is - identified by a *.bde + identified by a *.bde extension to the device name. @@ -3114,7 +3114,7 @@ Reenter new passphrase: Enter passphrase: The new plaintext device will be named - /dev/da2.eli. + /dev/da2.eli. &prompt.root; ls /dev/da2* /dev/da2 /dev/da2.eli @@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ geli_da2_flags="-p -k /root/da2.key" - &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ad0s1b bs=1m + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ad0s1b bs=1m Swap Encryption with &man.gbde.8; @@ -3587,16 +3587,16 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Av primary-secondary operation using HAST to replicate the data between the two. The nodes will be called - hasta with an IP address of + hasta with an IP address of 172.16.0.1 and - hastb with an IP of address + hastb with an IP of address 172.16.0.2. Both nodes will have a - dedicated hard drive /dev/ad6 of the same + dedicated hard drive /dev/ad6 of the same size for HAST operation. The HAST pool, sometimes also referred to as a resource or the GEOM provider in - /dev/hast/, will be called - test. + /dev/hast/, will be called + test. Configuration of HAST is done using /etc/hast.conf. This file should be the @@ -3647,13 +3647,13 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Av administrator, or software like Heartbeat, using &man.hastctl.8;. On the primary node, - hasta, issue + hasta, issue this command: &prompt.root; hastctl role primary test Similarly, run this command on the secondary node, - hastb: + hastb: &prompt.root; hastctl role secondary test @@ -3680,10 +3680,10 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Av The next step is to create a file system on the - /dev/hast/test + /dev/hast/test GEOM provider and mount it. This must be done on the primary node, as - /dev/hast/test + /dev/hast/test appears only on the primary node. Creating the file system can take a few minutes, depending on the size of the hard drive: