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Date:      Sun, 30 Mar 2014 02:49:18 +0000 (UTC)
From:      Warren Block <wblock@FreeBSD.org>
To:        doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org
Subject:   svn commit: r44389 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks
Message-ID:  <201403300249.s2U2nIQi022437@svn.freebsd.org>

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Author: wblock
Date: Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014
New Revision: 44389
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44389

Log:
  Recover lost <replaceable> tags.

Modified:
  head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml

Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml	Sun Mar 30 02:31:02 2014	(r44388)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml	Sun Mar 30 02:49:18 2014	(r44389)
@@ -560,20 +560,20 @@ add path 'da*' mode 0660 group operator<
 	the user that is to mount the file system.  One way to do that
 	is for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to
 	create a subdirectory owned by that user as
-	<filename>/mnt/username</filename>.  In the following example,
+	<filename class="directory">/mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></filename>.  In the following example,
 	replace <replaceable>username</replaceable> with the login
 	name of the user and <replaceable>usergroup</replaceable> with
 	the user's primary group:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/username</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chown username:usergroup /mnt/username</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>chown <replaceable>username</replaceable>:<replaceable>usergroup</replaceable> /mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Suppose a <acronym>USB</acronym> thumbdrive is plugged in,
 	and a device <filename>/dev/da0s1</filename> appears.  If the
 	device is preformatted with a FAT file system, it can be
 	mounted using:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/<replaceable>username</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Before the device can be unplugged, it
 	<emphasis>must</emphasis> be unmounted first.  After device
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ umass0: detached</screen>
 	file system that is an image of a directory tree in the &unix;
 	file system name space.  The simplest usage is:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkisofs -o <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> <replaceable>/path/to/tree</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <indexterm>
 	<primary>file systems</primary>
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ umass0: detached</screen>
 	installed as <filename>/usr/sbin/burncd</filename>.  Usage is
 	very simple, as it has few options:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f cddevice data imagefile.iso fixate</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f <replaceable>cddevice</replaceable> data <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> fixate</userinput></screen>
 
       <para>This command will burn a copy of
 	<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> on
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ umass0: detached</screen>
 	usage is simple.  Burning an ISO 9660 image is done
 	with:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdrecord dev=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>The tricky part of using <command>cdrecord</command> is
 	finding the <option>dev</option> to use.  To find the proper
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ scsibus1:
 	  <para>Use <command>cdrecord</command> to write the
 	    <filename>.wav</filename> files:</para>
 
-	  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo  *.wav</userinput></screen>
+	  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdrecord -v dev=<replaceable>2,0</replaceable> -dao -useinfo  *.wav</userinput></screen>
 
 	  <para>Make sure that <replaceable>2,0</replaceable> is set
 	    appropriately, as described in <xref
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ scsibus1:
 	<step>
 	  <para>The <acronym>ATAPI</acronym> <acronym>CD</acronym>
 	    driver makes each track available as
-	    <filename>/dev/acddtnn</filename>, where
+	    <filename>/dev/acd<replaceable>d</replaceable>t<replaceable>nn</replaceable></filename>, where
 	    <replaceable>d</replaceable> is the drive number, and
 	    <replaceable>nn</replaceable> is the track number written
 	    with two decimal digits, prefixed with zero as needed.  So
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ scsibus1:
 	    files, and that <command>burncd</command> should fixate
 	    the disk when finished:</para>
 
-	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f /dev/acd0 audio track1.cdr track2.cdr ... fixate</userinput></screen>
+	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>burncd -f <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> audio track1.cdr track2.cdr <replaceable>...</replaceable> fixate</userinput></screen>
 	</step>
       </procedure>
     </sect2>
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	mount a <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> on
 	<filename>/mnt</filename>, type the following:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> /mnt</userinput></screen>
 
       <para>As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, run the
 	following command to get the <acronym>SCSI</acronym> address
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<filename>/path/to/data</filename>, use the following
 	command:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>In this example, <option>-J -R</option> is passed to
 	&man.mkisofs.8;  to create an ISO 9660 file system with Joliet
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <para>To burn a pre-mastered image, such as
 	<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable>, use:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable>=<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>The write speed should be detected and automatically set
 	according to the media and the drive being used.  To force the
@@ -1326,11 +1326,11 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 
 	<para>To create this type of ISO file:</para>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+	<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o <replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable> <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
 	<para>To burn files directly to a disk:</para>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
 	<para>When an ISO image already contains large files, no
 	  additional options are required for &man.growisofs.1; to
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<filename>/path/to/video</filename>, the following command
 	should be used to burn the DVD-Video:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -dvd-video <replaceable>/path/to/video</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para><option>-dvd-video</option> is passed to &man.mkisofs.8;
 	to instruct it to create a DVD-Video file system layout.
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	is possible to use <command>dvd+rw-format</command> to format
 	the <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym>:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that
 	only virgin <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym> medias need to be
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	to be blanked first.  Instead, write over the previous
 	recording like this:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/newdata</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>The <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym> format supports appending
 	data to a previous recording.  This operation consists of
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <para>For example, to append data to a
 	<acronym>DVD+RW</acronym>, use the following:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/nextdata</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>The same &man.mkisofs.8; options used to burn the
 	initial session should be used during next writes.</para>
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 
       <para>To blank the media, use:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable>=<replaceable>/dev/zero</replaceable></userinput></screen>
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2>
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <para>To blank a <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in sequential
 	mode:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <note>
 	<para>A full blanking using <option>-blank=full</option> will
@@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	  (DAO) mode.  To burn the <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in DAO
 	  mode, use the command:</para>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso</userinput></screen>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable>=<replaceable>imagefile.iso</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
 	<para>Since &man.growisofs.1; automatically attempts to detect
 	  fast blanked media and engage DAO write,
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	use the same instructions as for the other
 	<acronym>DVD</acronym> formats:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -Z <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/data</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>To append some data to a previous recording, use
 	<option>-M</option> with &man.growisofs.1;.  However, if data
@@ -1495,11 +1495,11 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <para>To put a <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in restricted overwrite
 	format, the following command must be used:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>To change back to sequential format, use:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dvd+rw-format -blank=full <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2>
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	session on a DVD+R, DVD-R, or <acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in
 	sequential format, will add a new session to the disc:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>growisofs -M <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable> -J -R <replaceable>/path/to/nextdata</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Using this command with a <acronym>DVD+RW</acronym> or a
 	<acronym>DVD-RW</acronym> in restricted overwrite mode will
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <title>For More Information</title>
 
       <para>To obtain more information about a <acronym>DVD</acronym>,
-	use <command>dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/cd0</command> while the
+	use <command>dvd+rw-mediainfo <replaceable>/dev/cd0</replaceable></command> while the
 	disc in the specified drive.</para>
 
       <para>More information about
@@ -1580,9 +1580,9 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	used.  In this example, the whole disk space will be formatted
 	with a standard UFS2 file system:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/acd0 bs=2k count=1</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -Bw acd0</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/acd0</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> bs=2k count=1</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -Bw <replaceable>acd0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>The <acronym>DVD</acronym> device,
 	<filename>acd0</filename>, must be changed according to the
@@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <para>Once the <acronym>DVD-RAM</acronym> has been formatted, it
 	can be mounted as a normal hard drive:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/acd0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount <replaceable>/dev/acd0</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Once mounted, the <acronym>DVD-RAM</acronym> will be both
 	readable and writeable.</para>
@@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
       <para>An example of writing a single file to tape using
 	&man.tar.1;:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/sa0 file</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/sa0 <replaceable>file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Recovering files from a &man.tar.1; archive on tape into
 	the current directory:</para>
@@ -1943,7 +1943,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<title>Backing Up the Current Directory With
 	  <command>tar</command></title>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar czvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz . </userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar czvf <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.tgz</replaceable> . </userinput></screen>
       </example>
 
       <para>To restore the entire backup, <command>cd</command> into
@@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<title>Restoring Up the Current Directory With
 	  <command>tar</command></title>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xzvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xzvf <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.tgz</replaceable></userinput></screen>
       </example>
 
       <para>There are dozens of available switches which are described
@@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<title>Using<command>ls</command> and <command>cpio</command>
 	  to Make a Recursive Backup of the Current Directory</title>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls -R | cpio -ovF /tmp/mybackup.cpio</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls -R | cpio -ovF <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.cpio</replaceable></userinput></screen>
       </example>
 
       <indexterm>
@@ -2015,7 +2015,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<title>Backing Up the Current Directory With
 	  <command>pax</command></title>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pax -wf /tmp/mybackup.pax .</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pax -wf <replaceable>/tmp/mybackup.pax</replaceable> .</userinput></screen>
       </example>
     </sect2>
 
@@ -2169,8 +2169,8 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<title>Using <command>mdconfig</command> to Mount an Existing
 	  File System Image</title>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f diskimage -u 0</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f <replaceable>diskimage</replaceable> -u <replaceable>0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>0</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput></screen>
       </example>
 
       <para>To create a new file system image with
@@ -2180,18 +2180,18 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed
 	<title>Creating a New File-Backed Disk with
 	  <command>mdconfig</command></title>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k</userinput>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>newimage</replaceable> bs=1k count=<replaceable>5</replaceable>k</userinput>
 5120+0 records in
 5120+0 records out
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f newimage -u 0</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -w md0 auto</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs md0a</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f <replaceable>newimage</replaceable> -u <replaceable>0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -w md<replaceable>0</replaceable> auto</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs md<replaceable>0</replaceable>a</userinput>
 /dev/md0a: 5.0MB (10224 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
         using 4 cylinder groups of 1.25MB, 80 blks, 192 inodes.
 super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
  160, 2720, 5280, 7840
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md0a /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>0</replaceable>a <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
 /dev/md0a       4710    4  4330     0%    /mnt</screen>
       </example>
@@ -2215,11 +2215,11 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
 	<title>Configure and Mount a File-Backed Disk with
 	  <command>mdmfs</command></title>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k</userinput>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>newimage</replaceable> bs=1k count=<replaceable>5</replaceable>k</userinput>
 5120+0 records in
 5120+0 records out
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -F <replaceable>newimage</replaceable> -s <replaceable>5</replaceable>m md<replaceable>0</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
 /dev/md0        4718    4  4338     0%    /mnt</screen>
       </example>
@@ -2252,15 +2252,15 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
 	<title>Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with
 	  <command>mdconfig</command></title>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t swap -s 5m -u 1</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -U md1</userinput>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t swap -s <replaceable>5</replaceable>m -u <replaceable>1</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -U md<replaceable>1</replaceable></userinput>
 /dev/md1: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
         using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 192 inodes.
         with soft updates
 super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
  160, 2752, 5344, 7936
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md1 /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>1</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
 /dev/md1        4718    4  4338     0%    /mnt</screen>
       </example>
@@ -2269,8 +2269,8 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
 	<title>Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with
 	  <command>mdmfs</command></title>
 
-	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -s 5m md2 /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>df /mnt</userinput>
+	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdmfs -s <replaceable>5</replaceable>m md<replaceable>2</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
 /dev/md2        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt</screen>
       </example>
@@ -2293,7 +2293,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
       <para>For example, to detach and free all resources used by
 	<filename>/dev/md4</filename>:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -d -u 4</userinput></screen>
+      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -d -u <replaceable>4</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 
       <para>It is possible to list information about configured
 	&man.md.4; devices by running
@@ -2755,7 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
 	    <xref linkend="disks-adding"/>.  For the purposes of this
 	    example, a new hard drive partition has been added as
 	    <filename>/dev/ad4s1c</filename> and
-	    <filename>/dev/ad0s1*</filename> represents the existing
+	    <filename>/dev/ad0s1<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename> represents the existing
 	    standard &os; partitions.</para>
 
 	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls /dev/ad*</userinput>
@@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@ sector_size	=	2048
 	  <note>
 	    <para>&man.newfs.8; must be performed on an attached
 	      <application>gbde</application> partition which is
-	      identified by a <filename>*.bde</filename>
+	      identified by a <filename><replaceable>*</replaceable>.bde</filename>
 	      extension to the device name.</para>
 	  </note>
 	</step>
@@ -3114,7 +3114,7 @@ Reenter new passphrase:</screen>
 Enter passphrase:</screen>
 
 	  <para>The new plaintext device will be named
-	    <filename>/dev/da2.eli</filename>.</para>
+	    <filename>/dev/<replaceable>da2</replaceable>.eli</filename>.</para>
 
 	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls /dev/da2*</userinput>
 /dev/da2  /dev/da2.eli</screen>
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ geli_da2_flags="-p -k /root/da2.key"</pr
       overwrite the current swap partition with random garbage,
       execute the following command:</para>
 
-    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ad0s1b bs=1m</userinput></screen>
+    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/<replaceable>ad0s1b</replaceable> bs=1m</userinput></screen>
 
     <sect2>
       <title>Swap Encryption with &man.gbde.8;</title>
@@ -3587,16 +3587,16 @@ Device          1K-blocks     Used    Av
 	<literal>primary</literal>-<literal>secondary</literal>
 	operation using <acronym>HAST</acronym> to replicate the data
 	between the two.  The nodes will be called
-	<literal>hasta</literal> with an IP address of
+	<literal><replaceable>hasta</replaceable></literal> with an IP address of
 	<replaceable>172.16.0.1</replaceable> and
-	<literal>hastb</literal> with an IP of address
+	<literal><replaceable>hastb</replaceable></literal> with an IP of address
 	<replaceable>172.16.0.2</replaceable>.  Both nodes will have a
-	dedicated hard drive <filename>/dev/ad6</filename> of the same
+	dedicated hard drive <filename>/dev/<replaceable>ad6</replaceable></filename> of the same
 	size for <acronym>HAST</acronym> operation.  The
 	<acronym>HAST</acronym> pool, sometimes also referred to as a
 	resource or the GEOM provider in
-	<filename>/dev/hast/</filename>, will be called
-	<filename>test</filename>.</para>
+	<filename class="directory">/dev/hast/</filename>, will be called
+	<filename><replaceable>test</replaceable></filename>.</para>
 
       <para>Configuration of <acronym>HAST</acronym> is done using
 	<filename>/etc/hast.conf</filename>.  This file should be the
@@ -3647,13 +3647,13 @@ Device          1K-blocks     Used    Av
 	administrator, or software like
 	<application>Heartbeat</application>, using &man.hastctl.8;.
 	On the primary node,
-	<literal>hasta</literal>, issue
+	<literal><replaceable>hasta</replaceable></literal>, issue
 	this command:</para>
 
       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hastctl role primary test</userinput></screen>
 
       <para>Similarly, run this command on the secondary node,
-	<literal>hastb</literal>:</para>
+	<literal><replaceable>hastb</replaceable></literal>:</para>
 
       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hastctl role secondary test</userinput></screen>
 
@@ -3680,10 +3680,10 @@ Device          1K-blocks     Used    Av
 
 
       <para>The next step is to create a file system on the
-	<filename>/dev/hast/test</filename>
+	<filename>/dev/hast/<replaceable>test</replaceable></filename>
 	GEOM provider and mount it.  This must be done on the
 	<literal>primary</literal> node, as
-	<filename>/dev/hast/test</filename>
+	<filename>/dev/hast/<replaceable>test</replaceable></filename>
 	appears only on the <literal>primary</literal> node.  Creating
 	the file system can take a few minutes, depending on the size
 	of the hard drive:</para>



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