Date: Thu, 5 Oct 1995 17:00:30 -0500 From: "Andrew Webster" <awebster@dataradio.com> To: "Sysadmin" <guy@orbonline.net> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Adding new Harddisks Message-ID: <199510052105.RAA09503@vhf.dataradio.com>
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> From: "Sysadmin" <guy@orbonline.net>
> Organization: OrbOnline
> To: questions@freebsd.org
> Date sent: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 10:44:15 +0000
> Subject: Adding new Harddisks
> Send reply to: guy@orbonline.net
> Priority: normal
> I have been trying unsuccessfully to add 2 more SCSI drives to a new
> FreeBSD 2.0.5 installation. I must admit I'm somewhat confused by the
> steps required. I have been searching for any info on the subject and
> have found nothing. I have managed to get a filesystem created on the
> new drives, but get a message in the syslog about there being no
> label on the drive whenever I mount it.
>
> Is there a faq somewhere that includes the addition of drives
> (including the disktab stuff)? The handbook has a section on this but
> it is unfinished. Any help or direction that you can provide is
> greatly appreciated.
>
> Regards,
>
> Dennis Cartier
> guy@orbonline.net
I'm surprised that this still hasn't gotten into the FAQ!
Here is an excellent document that Seppo Kallio wrote back in August
when myself and others were having the same problem...
Date: Fri, 18 Aug 1995 13:19:34 +0300
To: Michael Smith <msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au>
From: kallio@jyu.fi (Seppo Kallio)
Subject: Re: ** How to add second SCSI disk ? ** Final? **
Cc: julian@ref.tfs.com, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Sender: questions-owner@freebsd.org
Thanks for everyone who did help me! I hope we did all learn something.
I have now done this about 10 times and now I feel I know something about
it.
I agree with John Capo <jc@irbs.com> that it is trivial after you know how
to do it ;-). And I agree that the biggest problem is fdisk. It is not
trivial what parameters you have change and how! The disklabel -e -r sd1 is
not so hard to use. Nor newfs or mount ;-)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Here final (?) text how to do it. Or how I have done it.
In an example here I have 80MB SCSI disk (in a AHA 2940 controller),
FreeBSD 2.0.5R.
You have to start with fdisk (# -lines written by me):
# fdisk -i -u /dev/rsd1
******* Working on device /dev/rsd1 *******
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
# The cylinder count is nonsence, the disk is 80-81 MB,
# so it should be 80 or 81. Head and sector count OK.
# On all Adaptec controlled disks heads=64 and sectors=32
# The head count has nothing to do with the disk drive hardware
# head count. Same with cylinder and sector count.
Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks ? [n] n
# Wrong cylinder count does not matter, forward!
Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
# This should be: "First sector must be 1"
Information from DOS bootblock is:
The data for partition 0 is:
sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
# Sysid you must know it is 165, it is zero when you have empty disk
# Where are the docs about this?
start 32, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 80
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
Do you want to change it? [n] y
Supply a decimal value for "sysid" [0] 165 # FreeBSD = 165
Supply a decimal value for "start" [0] 0 # 0 (32 on bootdisk?)
Supply a decimal value for "size" [0] 163840 # This comes from 80*32*64
# If bootdisk, you must substract 2048 (=32*64) ?????????
Explicitly specifiy beg/end address ? [n] y
Supply a decimal value for "beginning cylinder" [0] # (*
Supply a decimal value for "beginning head" [0] # (*
Supply a decimal value for "beginning sector" [0] 1 # Must be 1 (*
Supply a decimal value for "ending cylinder" [0] 79 # Cylinders 0 to 79=80
Supply a decimal value for "ending head" [0] 63 # (*
Supply a decimal value for "ending sector" [0] 32 # (*
sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
Are we happy with this entry? [n]
# (* are same to all disks in Adaptec SCSI controllers.
# Ending cylinder is same number as the MB count minus one (here 80-1)
The data for partition 1 is:
<UNUSED>
Do you want to change it? [n] n
The data for partition 2 is:
<UNUSED>
Do you want to change it? [n] n
The data for partition 3 is:
<UNUSED>
Do you want to change it? [n] n
Do you want to change the active partition? [n] n
We haven't changed the partition table yet. This is your last chance.
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
Information from DOS bootblock is:
0: sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
1: <UNUSED>
2: <UNUSED>
3: <UNUSED>
Should we write new partition table? [n] y # if all is correct
# you will get following error message, forget it.
ioctl DIOCWLABEL: Operation not supported by device
# Then start disklabel -e -r sd1
# You will get a screen something like:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /dev/rsd1c:
type: SCSI
disk: d80mb
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 32
tracks/cylinder: 64
sectors/cylinder: 2048
cylinders: 80
sectors/unit: 165888
rpm: 3600 # If this is zero, put here 3600
interleave: 1 # If this is zero, put here 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
3 partitions: # Uh?
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
c: 163840 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 79)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# c: is the whole disk, do not touch it!
# I want to add one 10MB swap to this disk, rest space for files.
# So I write to extra lines (before the c: -line):
a: 143840 20000 4.2BSD 0 0
b: 20000 0 swap
# Note: the sum of size fields is a+b=c. The offset is the starting
# block number of the partition. When swap starts from 0 and is
# 20000 blocks then next partition starts from 20000.
# The extra zeroes on a: line mus be there!
# There it is. Exit from editor, if errors try to correct.
# Next make filesystem:
# newfs /dev/rsd1a
Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder (4096) disagrees with disk label
(2048)
Warning: 3136 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/rsd1a: 123840 sectors in 31 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 sectors
60.5MB in 2 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 7680 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
32, 65568,
# So some sectors could be defined more .. this terminology is awfull:
# Here newfs is speaking about 3136 sectors. In fdisk we define that
# the disk has 32 sectors!
# These must be blocks of 512 bytes, or what are they???? 3136 blocks
# is 1605632 bytes that is 1.6MB. The actual size of my disk is more
# than 80MB, it is about 81 MB.
# And mount it:
# mount /dev/sd1a /mnt
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/sd0a 96143 30253 58198 34% /
/dev/sd0s1f 1404471 741255 550858 57% /home
/dev/sd0s1e 387503 273317 83185 77% /usr
procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc
kaarna:/home/www 1518207 1310531 86219 94% /opt/www
/dev/sd1a 59951 1 55153 0% /mnt
# If you get to this point, you are lucky. It is not easy. The
# fdisk is the hardest part.
Seppo
--
+-- Seppo Kallio ----- kallio@jyu.fi ---+
! Computing Center ! Fax +358-41-603611 Phone +358-41-603606 !
! University of Jyvaskyla ! http://www.jyu.fi/~kallio !
+-- Finland --+-- 62.14N 25.44E --+
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