Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2014 16:35:55 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43873 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n Message-ID: <201402111635.s1BGZt2o076614@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Tue Feb 11 16:35:54 2014 New Revision: 43873 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43873 Log: More tightening and clarification in this chapter. More commits to follow. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml Tue Feb 11 15:38:07 2014 (r43872) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml Tue Feb 11 16:35:54 2014 (r43873) @@ -173,64 +173,60 @@ <sect2 xml:id="setting-locale"> <title>Setting Locale for Login Shell</title> - <para>Usually it is sufficient to export the value of the - locale name as <envar>LANG</envar> in the login shell. This - could be done in the user's <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> + <para>Locale settings are configured either in a user's + <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> or in the startup file of the user's shell: - (<filename>~/.profile</filename>, + <filename>~/.profile</filename>, <filename>~/.bashrc</filename>, or - <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>). There is no need to set the - locale subsets such as <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar> or - <envar>LC_CTIME</envar>. Refer to language-specific &os; - documentation for more information.</para> + <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>.</para> - <para>Each user should set the following two environment - variables in their configuration files:</para> + <para>Two environment + variables should be set:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><envar>LANG</envar> for &posix;<indexterm> + <para><envar>LANG</envar>, which sets the locale<indexterm> <primary>POSIX</primary> - </indexterm> - &man.setlocale.3; family functions</para> + </indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm> - <para><envar>MM_CHARSET</envar> for applications' MIME - character set</para> + <para><envar>MM_CHARSET</envar> which sets the MIME + character set used by applications</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para>These should be set in the user's shell configuration, the - specific application configuration, and the + <para>In addition to the user's shell configuration, these + variables should also be set for + specific application configuration and <application>Xorg</application> configuration.</para> <indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>login class</primary></indexterm> - <para>This section describes the two methods for setting - locale. The first is recommended and assigns the - environment variables in the - <link linkend="login-class">login class</link>. The second - method adds the environment variable assignments to the - system's shell - <link linkend="startup-file">startup file</link>.</para> + <para>Two methods are available for making the needed variable + assignments: the + <link linkend="login-class">login class</link> method, which + is the recommended method, and the + <link linkend="startup-file">startup file</link> method. + The next two sections demonstrate how to use both methods.</para> <sect3 xml:id="login-class"> <title>Login Classes Method</title> - <para>This method assigns the required environment variables for + <para>This first method is the recommended method as it + assigns the required environment variables for locale name and MIME character sets for every possible shell. - This setup can be either be - performed by each user or it can be performed for all users by the + This setup can either be + performed by each user or it can be configured for all users by the superuser.</para> - <para>This minimal example sets both variables for the - Latin-1 encoding. These lines were added to the - <filename>.login_conf</filename> in an individual user's + <para>This minimal example sets both variables for + Latin-1 encoding in the + <filename>.login_conf</filename> of an individual user's home directory:</para> <programlisting>me:\ @@ -240,9 +236,9 @@ <indexterm><primary>Traditional Chinese</primary> <secondary>BIG-5 encoding</secondary></indexterm> <para>Here is an example of a user's - <filename>.login_conf</filename> that sets the variables + <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> that sets the variables for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More - variables are set because some applications do not + variables are needed because some applications do not correctly respect locale variables for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean:</para> @@ -260,19 +256,16 @@ me:\ :charset=big5:\ :xmodifiers="@im=gcin": #Set gcin as the XIM Input Server</programlisting> - <para>See &man.login.conf.5; for more - details.</para> - - <para>Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for localization. The following variables in the user's login class in - <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> set the correct - language:</para> + <para>Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for localization. The following variables in + <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> are used to set the locale and + MIME character sete:</para> <programlisting><replaceable>language_name</replaceable>|<replaceable>Account Type Description</replaceable>:\ :charset=<replaceable>MIME_charset</replaceable>:\ :lang=<replaceable>locale_name</replaceable>:\ :tc=default:</programlisting> - <para>The previous Latin-1 example would look like + <para>So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like this:</para> <programlisting>german|German Users Accounts:\ @@ -280,73 +273,61 @@ me:\ :lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\ :tc=default:</programlisting> + <para>See &man.login.conf.5; for more + details about these variables.</para> + <para>Whenever <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> is edited, remember to execute the following command to update the capability database:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf</userinput></screen> <sect4> - <title>Changing Login Classes with - &man.vipw.8;</title> + <title>Utilities Which Change Login Classes</title> <indexterm> <primary><command>vipw</command></primary> </indexterm> + + <para>In addition to manually editing + <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, several utilities + are available for setting the locale for newly created + users.</para> + <para>When using <command>vipw</command> to add new users, - use <replaceable>language</replaceable> to set the - language:</para> + specify the <replaceable>language</replaceable> to set the + locale:</para> <programlisting>user:password:1111:11:<replaceable>language</replaceable>:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh</programlisting> - </sect4> - - <sect4> - <title>Changing Login Classes with - &man.adduser.8;</title> <indexterm> <primary><command>adduser</command></primary> </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>login class</primary></indexterm> <para>When using <command>adduser</command> to add new - users, configure the language as follows:</para> + users, the default language can be pre-configured for + all new users or specified for an individual user.</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> <para>If all new users use the same language, set <literal>defaultclass = language</literal> in <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Alternatively, input the specified language at - this prompt: + <para>To override this setting when creating a + user, either input the required locale at + this prompt:</para> <screen><prompt>Enter login class: default []:</prompt></screen> - when creating a new user using - &man.adduser.8;.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Another alternative is to use the following - when creating a user that uses a different language - than the one set in - <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>:</para> + <para>or specify the locale to set when invoking + <command>adduser</command>:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class language</userinput></screen> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </sect4> - <sect4> - <title>Changing Login Classes with - &man.pw.8;</title> <indexterm> <primary><command>pw</command></primary> </indexterm> - <para>If &man.pw.8; is used to add new users, call - it in this form:</para> + <para>If <command>pw</command> is used to add new users, specify the + locale as follows:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd user_name -L language</userinput></screen> </sect4> @@ -355,39 +336,33 @@ me:\ <sect3 xml:id="startup-file"> <title>Shell Startup File Method</title> - <note> - <para>This method is not recommended because it requires - a different setup for each shell. Use the <link - linkend="login-class">Login Class Method</link> - instead.</para> - </note> - - <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm> - <indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm> - <para>To add the locale name and MIME character set, set - the two environment variables shown below in the - <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or - <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> shell startup files. - This example sets the German language:</para> - - <para>In <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para> + <para>This method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires + manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file + and differing syntax. As an example, to set the German + language for the <command>sh</command> shell, these + lines could be added to <filename>~/.profile</filename> to set the shell for that user only. + Thse lines could also be added to <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or + <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> to set that shell for all users:</para> <programlisting><envar>LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG</envar> <envar>MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1; export MM_CHARSET</envar></programlisting> - <para>Or in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para> + <para>However, the name of the configuration file and the + syntax used differs for the + <command>csh</command> shell. These are the equivalent + settings for <filename>~/.csh.login</filename>, + <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>, or + <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename>:</para> <programlisting><envar>setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1</envar> <envar>setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1</envar></programlisting> - <para>Alternatively, add the above settings to - <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> or - <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename>.</para> - - <para>To configure <application>Xorg</application>, add - <emphasis>one</emphasis> of the following to - <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>, depending upon the - shell:</para> + <para>To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure + <application>Xorg</application> in + <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> also depends upon the + shell. The first example is for the <command>sh</command> + shell and the second is for the <command>csh</command> + shell.</para> <programlisting><envar>LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG</envar></programlisting>
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