From owner-freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Sun Oct 5 02:01:58 2003 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.FreeBSD.org (mx1.freebsd.org [216.136.204.125]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4934F16A4B3 for ; Sun, 5 Oct 2003 02:01:58 -0700 (PDT) Received: from smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk (smtp.infracaninophile.co.uk [81.2.69.218]) by mx1.FreeBSD.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 98E3843FDD for ; Sun, 5 Oct 2003 02:01:56 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from m.seaman@infracaninophile.co.uk) Received: from happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk (localhost [127.0.0.1]) h9591k9E024696 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO); Sun, 5 Oct 2003 10:01:51 +0100 (BST) (envelope-from matthew@happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk) Received: (from matthew@localhost)id h9591kk3024695; Sun, 5 Oct 2003 10:01:46 +0100 (BST) (envelope-from matthew) Date: Sun, 5 Oct 2003 10:01:46 +0100 From: Matthew Seaman To: David Witt Message-ID: <20031005090146.GB23414@happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk> Mail-Followup-To: Matthew Seaman , David Witt , freebsd-questions@freebsd.org References: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="xXmbgvnjoT4axfJE" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.4i X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-4.9 required=5.0 tests=AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=2.60 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on happy-idiot-talk.infracaninophile.co.uk cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Access problems X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.1 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 05 Oct 2003 09:01:58 -0000 --xXmbgvnjoT4axfJE Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Sun, Oct 05, 2003 at 02:20:37AM -0500, David Witt wrote: > Apparently I don't have permission to get into /usr or any of those=20 > directories. I try to access them from the shell and it tells me=20 > permission denied. /usr (and the other system directories you mention) should generally have read permission and chdir() permission for all users, but write permission only for root. Certain files and directories will have much tighter permissions -- eg. /etc/master.passwd is readable only be root as it contains the encrypted password hashes. How, exactly, are you trying to access /usr and what is the error message the system prints out ? > Whenever I load BSD, it tells me that /var, /, /usr,= =20 > and /tmp were all dismounted improperly. I'm sorta confused, I figured o= ut=20 > the access problems when I tried to install XMMS, and I haven't been able= =20 > to correct them. Any help would be great, thanks again. Sounds like you aren't shutting down FreeBSD cleanly, and consequently your disk partitions aren't getting unmounted properly. The vast majority of the time, the system should survive an unclean shutdown pretty well but you may lose any recent changes to files that hadn't been properly flushed to disk yet, and you'll end up with filesystems in an unclean state that will require a fsck(8) check and repair cycle on reboot. If you're really unlucky though you'll do significant damage to the filesystem that can't be fixed automatically on boot up, and you'll have to go into single user mode and run fsck(8) manually, plus whatever else it takes to repair the system (which sort of thing is getting into real unix guru territory). In order to shutdown FreeBSD cleanly, use the command: # shutdown -h which will put the system into a 'halted' state where it is safe to hit the power buttons. Or if your Motherboard supports it, and you've made the appropriate changes to your kernel config you can use: # shutdown -p which should do a halt as above, and then automatically power off. Or if you want to immediately reboot -- perhaps to switch to another OS you have installed, use: # shutdown -r Don't just run plain 'shutdown' without options, as all that does is drop you to single user mode and doesn't go on to unmount the disks and so forth. If you do accidentally forget the options on the shutdown command, just try again with the correct command from single user mode. Cheers, Matthew --=20 Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 26 The Paddocks Savill Way PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Marlow Tel: +44 1628 476614 Bucks., SL7 1TH UK --xXmbgvnjoT4axfJE Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.2.3 (FreeBSD) iD8DBQE/f936dtESqEQa7a0RApbzAJ9d8l6Tcg3WMzPkqojSOTw3wKJxHACePXky Nh/YyLGtHtwNnXaIOOzQKmM= =3Wly -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --xXmbgvnjoT4axfJE--