From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Feb 17 22:00:09 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4CB3248502 for ; Mon, 17 Feb 2020 22:00:09 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) Received: from s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com (s1-b0c6.socketlabs.email-od.com [142.0.176.198]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48LyZw4Lvtz3HVQ for ; Mon, 17 Feb 2020 22:00:08 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=email-od.com;i=@email-od.com;s=dkim; c=relaxed/relaxed; q=dns/txt; t=1581976809; x=1584568809; h=content-transfer-encoding:content-type:mime-version:references:in-reply-to:message-id:subject:to:from:date:x-thread-info; bh=qGyu5NrTjbgdzNjJw0bYGq8GjlyJrVF9fvLTDf8aL04=; b=DZKFHqoYMU2EorUvn3k6wWrQTXXrNotfAnWXItf8dAFl2mz6DAcijARt52vrmhsUtbkP6habdbvM2wqESyHvUB3Qf/ZAhrIIzGuFR4x5Zhy0qdfqiXzKYlr7cFMr06sD45WWeMTM3uD4jjYIpWdFgXaV3kTMvB3w74e7CUKzkzA= X-Thread-Info: NDI1MC4xMi43NDAwMDAwMDgyMTk1Ny5mcmVlYnNkLXF1ZXN0aW9ucz1mcmVlYnNkLm9yZw== Received: from r2.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com (r2.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com [142.0.189.2]) by mxsg2.email-od.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Mon, 17 Feb 2020 17:00:03 -0500 Received: from smtp.lan.sohara.org (EMTPY [185.202.17.215]) by r2.us-east-2.aws.in.socketlabs.com with ESMTP(version=Tls12 cipher=Aes256 bits=256); Mon, 17 Feb 2020 17:00:03 -0500 Received: from [192.168.63.1] (helo=steve.lan.sohara.org) by smtp.lan.sohara.org with smtp (Exim 4.92.3 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from ) id 1j3oQr-0001zY-OK for freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Mon, 17 Feb 2020 22:00:01 +0000 Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2020 22:00:01 +0000 From: Steve O'Hara-Smith To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Technological advantages over Linux Message-Id: <20200217220001.c87e2f2f844f7c45faf712a1@sohara.org> In-Reply-To: <44y2t1td8d.fsf@be-well.ilk.org> References: <20200214121620.GA80657@admin.sibptus.ru> <1848571509.3253011.1581719423989@mail.yahoo.com> <20200215195303.464e585a.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200215202033.6c856b8f7639b304d96e68ce@sohara.org> <20200215215825.5d3c9a1a@archlinux> <20200215211542.e8cc2827fc4664ea4bcad918@sohara.org> <20200215223449.355a9ac9@archlinux> <20200215223649.40196f37@archlinux> <20200215232623.7995b06e@archlinux> <20200215235822.f804ffc6.freebsd@edvax.de> <20200215232931.5a9132b2e83daa2d0a06dac8@sohara.org> <44y2t1td8d.fsf@be-well.ilk.org> X-Mailer: Sylpheed 3.7.0 (GTK+ 2.24.32; amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48LyZw4Lvtz3HVQ X-Spamd-Bar: - Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=email-od.com header.s=dkim header.b=DZKFHqoY; dmarc=none; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of 4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com designates 142.0.176.198 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.89 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.99)[-0.989,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[email-od.com:s=dkim]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ip4:142.0.176.0/20]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; DMARC_NA(0.00)[sohara.org]; FORGED_SENDER_VERP_SRS(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000,0]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[4]; IP_SCORE(0.09)[ip: (-0.25), ipnet: 142.0.176.0/22(0.52), asn: 7381(0.26), country: US(-0.05)]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[email-od.com:+]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[198.176.0.142.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.15.0]; ENVFROM_VERP(0.00)[]; FORGED_SENDER(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:7381, ipnet:142.0.176.0/22, country:US]; FROM_NEQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[steve@sohara.org,4250.10.freebsd-questions=freebsd.org@email-od.com]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2020 22:00:09 -0000 On Mon, 17 Feb 2020 11:01:06 -0500 Lowell Gilbert wrote: > Steve O'Hara-Smith writes: > > > The late Morten Reistad used to post (in alt.folklore.computers) > > about the numbers of processors with memory management being made and > > comparing that with Windows licenses, Apple and Android phone production > > numbers. Windows, MacOs and commercial unix licenses only account for a > > small fraction of the CPUs made - most of them have to be running > > something else Linux (Android, routers, TVs, cars ...), BSD (routers > > and who knows what else) and Mach (iThingies) being the obvious > > available kernels. > > Back then, having memory management implied having virtual memory. These Back then was a couple of years ago. > days, some fairly low-end CPUs have MMUs. Furthermore, memory management Low end CPUs that are a lot more powerful than a PDP-11. > is very useful for implementing process privileges, even on an OS that > does not use virtual memory; again, something that wasn't relevant back > in the ay. Having an MMU is a pre-requisite for running a multi-user OS, that was why he picked that feature. -- Steve O'Hara-Smith | Directable Mirror Arrays C:\>WIN | A better way to focus the sun The computer obeys and wins. | licences available see You lose and Bill collects. | http://www.sohara.org/