Date: Fri, 18 Aug 1995 13:19:34 +0300 From: kallio@jyu.fi (Seppo Kallio) To: Michael Smith <msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au> Cc: julian@ref.tfs.com, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: ** How to add second SCSI disk ? ** Final? ** Message-ID: <v01530513ac59fcd56518@[130.234.41.39]>
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Thanks for everyone who did help me! I hope we did all learn something.
I have now done this about 10 times and now I feel I know something about it.
I agree with John Capo <jc@irbs.com> that it is trivial after you know how
to do it ;-). And I agree that the biggest problem is fdisk. It is not
trivial what parameters you have change and how! The disklabel -e -r sd1 is
not so hard to use. Nor newfs or mount ;-)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Here final (?) text how to do it. Or how I have done it.
In an example here I have 80MB SCSI disk (in a AHA 2940 controller),
FreeBSD 2.0.5R.
You have to start with fdisk (# -lines written by me):
# fdisk -i -u /dev/rsd1
******* Working on device /dev/rsd1 *******
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
# The cylinder count is nonsence, the disk is 80-81 MB,
# so it should be 80 or 81. Head and sector count OK.
# On all Adaptec controlled disks heads=64 and sectors=32
# The head count has nothing to do with the disk drive hardware
# head count. Same with cylinder and sector count.
Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks ? [n] n
# Wrong cylinder count does not matter, forward!
Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
# This should be: "First sector must be 1"
Information from DOS bootblock is:
The data for partition 0 is:
sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
# Sysid you must know it is 165, it is zero when you have empty disk
# Where are the docs about this?
start 32, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 80
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
Do you want to change it? [n] y
Supply a decimal value for "sysid" [0] 165 # FreeBSD = 165
Supply a decimal value for "start" [0] 0 # 0 (32 on bootdisk?)
Supply a decimal value for "size" [0] 163840 # This comes from 80*32*64
# If bootdisk, you must substract 2048 (=32*64) ?????????
Explicitly specifiy beg/end address ? [n] y
Supply a decimal value for "beginning cylinder" [0] # (*
Supply a decimal value for "beginning head" [0] # (*
Supply a decimal value for "beginning sector" [0] 1 # Must be 1 (*
Supply a decimal value for "ending cylinder" [0] 79 # Cylinders 0 to 79=80
Supply a decimal value for "ending head" [0] 63 # (*
Supply a decimal value for "ending sector" [0] 32 # (*
sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
Are we happy with this entry? [n]
# (* are same to all disks in Adaptec SCSI controllers.
# Ending cylinder is same number as the MB count minus one (here 80-1)
The data for partition 1 is:
<UNUSED>
Do you want to change it? [n] n
The data for partition 2 is:
<UNUSED>
Do you want to change it? [n] n
The data for partition 3 is:
<UNUSED>
Do you want to change it? [n] n
Do you want to change the active partition? [n] n
We haven't changed the partition table yet. This is your last chance.
parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
Information from DOS bootblock is:
0: sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
1: <UNUSED>
2: <UNUSED>
3: <UNUSED>
Should we write new partition table? [n] y # if all is correct
# you will get following error message, forget it.
ioctl DIOCWLABEL: Operation not supported by device
# Then start disklabel -e -r sd1
# You will get a screen something like:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /dev/rsd1c:
type: SCSI
disk: d80mb
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 32
tracks/cylinder: 64
sectors/cylinder: 2048
cylinders: 80
sectors/unit: 165888
rpm: 3600 # If this is zero, put here 3600
interleave: 1 # If this is zero, put here 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
3 partitions: # Uh?
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
c: 163840 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 79)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# c: is the whole disk, do not touch it!
# I want to add one 10MB swap to this disk, rest space for files.
# So I write to extra lines (before the c: -line):
a: 143840 20000 4.2BSD 0 0
b: 20000 0 swap
# Note: the sum of size fields is a+b=c. The offset is the starting
# block number of the partition. When swap starts from 0 and is
# 20000 blocks then next partition starts from 20000.
# The extra zeroes on a: line mus be there!
# There it is. Exit from editor, if errors try to correct.
# Next make filesystem:
# newfs /dev/rsd1a
Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder (4096) disagrees with disk label (2048)
Warning: 3136 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/rsd1a: 123840 sectors in 31 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 sectors
60.5MB in 2 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 7680 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
32, 65568,
# So some sectors could be defined more .. this terminology is awfull:
# Here newfs is speaking about 3136 sectors. In fdisk we define that
# the disk has 32 sectors!
# These must be blocks of 512 bytes, or what are they???? 3136 blocks
# is 1605632 bytes that is 1.6MB. The actual size of my disk is more
# than 80MB, it is about 81 MB.
# And mount it:
# mount /dev/sd1a /mnt
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/sd0a 96143 30253 58198 34% /
/dev/sd0s1f 1404471 741255 550858 57% /home
/dev/sd0s1e 387503 273317 83185 77% /usr
procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc
kaarna:/home/www 1518207 1310531 86219 94% /opt/www
/dev/sd1a 59951 1 55153 0% /mnt
# If you get to this point, you are lucky. It is not easy. The
# fdisk is the hardest part.
Seppo
--
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