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Date:      Wed, 11 Apr 2001 11:37:35 -0500
From:      nicholas harteau <nrh@ikami.com>
To:        Valentin Nechayev <netch@netch.kiev.ua>
Cc:        freebsd-stable@freebsd.org
Subject:   Re: fresh 4.3-RC: "microuptime went backwards", console lockup
Message-ID:  <20010411113735.J23469@voyager.net>
In-Reply-To: <20010411192854.A570@netch.kiev.ua>; from netch@netch.kiev.ua on Wed, Apr 11, 2001 at 07:28:55PM %2B0300
References:  <20010411192854.A570@netch.kiev.ua>

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This happened to me; a couple things you might try:
kern.timecounter.method=1
or, possibly adding:
device          apm0    at nexus? disable flags 0x20

to your kernel.


Valentin Nechayev wrote:
> Today, 4.3-RC (RELENG_4, date=2001.04.11.00.00.00) was built and, when
> new system started:
> 1) during boot and even before /sbin/init started, "microuptime went backwards"
> occured too many times.
> 2) after startx, syscons switched to ttyv0 and stayed here; after
> mutual swithing to ttyvb, console locked up totally.
> No problems with previous system (RELENG_4, date=2001.03.05.00.00.00)
> were seen. Xwindow is 3.3.6 from latest port.
> 
> Messages, messages diff and kernel config attached. What another information
> should I provide?
> 
> /var/log/messages during bad kernel:
> 
> ==={{{
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Copyright (c) 1992-2001 The FreeBSD Project.
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: FreeBSD 4.3-RC #0: Wed Apr 11 18:29:42 EEST 2001
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: root@grizzly.carrier.kiev.ua:/var/obj/var/src/sys/compile/griz
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: CPU: Pentium II/Pentium II Xeon/Celeron (300.68-MHz 686-class CPU)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x660  Stepping = 0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Features=0x183f9ff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,FXSR>
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: real memory  = 134217728 (131072K bytes)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: avail memory = 127016960 (124040K bytes)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0357000.
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: VESA: v2.0, 8192k memory, flags:0x0, mode table:0xc02f81a2 (1000022)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: VESA: ATI MACH64
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Pentium Pro MTRR support enabled
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: apm0: <APM BIOS> on motherboard
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: apm: found APM BIOS v1.2, connected at v1.2
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: npx0: INT 16 interface
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pcib0: <Intel 82443LX (440 LX) host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pcib1: <Intel 82443LX (440 LX) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pci1: <ATI Mach64-GB graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 15
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: isab0: <Intel 82371AB PCI to ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pci0: <Intel PIIX4 ATA controller> at 7.1
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pci0: <Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4) USB controller> at 7.2
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: chip1: <Intel 82371AB Power management controller> port 0x5000-0x500f at device 7.3 on pci0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: fxp0: <Intel Pro 10/100B/100+ Ethernet> port 0xe400-0xe41f mem 0xea000000-0xea0fffff,0xea101000-0xea101fff irq 11 at device 18.0 on pci0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: fxp0: Ethernet address 00:90:27:2d:41:d0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: ahc0: <Adaptec 2940 Ultra SCSI adapter> port 0xe800-0xe8ff mem 0xea100000-0xea100fff irq 10 at device 19.0 on pci0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: aic7880: Wide Channel A, SCSI Id=7, 16/255 SCBs
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60,0x64 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq 1 on atkbdc0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: kbd0 at atkbd0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sio0: type 16550A
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sio1: type 16550A
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/16 bytes threshold
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: sbc0: <Creative ViBRA16X> at port 0x220-0x22f,0x330-0x331,0x388-0x38b irq 5 drq 1,3 on isa0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.16 (ViBRA16X)> on sbc0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: IP packet filtering initialized, divert disabled, rule-based forwarding disabled, default to accept, unlimited logging
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Waiting 3 seconds for SCSI devices to settle
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: Mounting root from ufs:/dev/da0s1a
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da1 at ahc0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da1: <IBM DCAS-34330W S65A> Fixed Direct Access SCSI-2 device 
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da1: 40.000MB/s transfers (20.000MHz, offset 8, 16bit)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da1: 4134MB (8467200 512 byte sectors: 255H 63S/T 527C)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da0 at ahc0 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da0: <IBM DDRS-34560D DC1B> Fixed Direct Access SCSI-2 device 
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da0: 40.000MB/s transfers (20.000MHz, offset 8, 16bit), Tagged Queueing Enabled
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: da0: 4357MB (8925000 512 byte sectors: 255H 63S/T 555C)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843816 -> 7.734809)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843816 -> 7.737171)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843573 -> 7.734732)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843573 -> 7.735340)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843573 -> 7.736912)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: cd0 at ahc0 bus 0 target 1 lun 0
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: cd0: <TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-3801TA 0207> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device 
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: cd0: 10.000MB/s transfers (10.000MHz, offset 8)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: cd0: cd present [327338 x 2048 byte records]
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly named[177]: starting (/etc/namedb/named.conf).  named 8.2.3-REL Wed Apr 11 16:59:40 EEST 2001 	root@grizzly.carrier.kiev.ua:/var/obj/var/src/usr.sbin/named
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly named[177]: limit files set to fdlimit (1024)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly named[178]: Ready to answer queries.
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly ntpd[180]: ntpd 4.0.99b Wed Apr 11 16:58:45 EEST 2001 (1)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly ntpd[180]: using kernel phase-lock loop 2040
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly ntpd[180]: getnetnum: "news.demos.su" invalid host number, line ignored
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly ntpd[180]: getnetnum: "news1.demos.su" invalid host number, line ignored
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly ntpd[180]: getnetnum: "news.gamma.ru" invalid host number, line ignored
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.834984 -> 7.737884)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842559 -> 7.735504)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843816 -> 7.738378)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839712 -> 7.734986)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839748 -> 7.743734)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.736175)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.739450)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.750258)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.751613)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.764301)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.764883)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.775410)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.776000)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.780731)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.787880)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.788925)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.791228)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.811999 -> 7.792100)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.742846)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.745269)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.746962)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.748818)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.749914)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.751635)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.753202)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839740 -> 7.756961)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.739800)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.740682)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.751453)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.752134)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.753513)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.754646)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.755632)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.757180)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.761039)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.765178)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.837073 -> 7.766163)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843178 -> 7.734621)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843178 -> 7.735361)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843178 -> 7.737016)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843178 -> 7.737564)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.830187 -> 7.734668)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.830187 -> 7.749899)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.838573 -> 7.734923)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843469 -> 7.734611)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.838522 -> 7.738094)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.838522 -> 7.745038)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.844055 -> 7.734420)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.735466)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.740883)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.755061)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.766780)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.783736)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.795306)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.810152)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842481 -> 7.826392)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843630 -> 7.735223)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.831660 -> 7.737727)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.831660 -> 7.759594)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842772 -> 7.734324)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.805040 -> 7.735190)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.805040 -> 7.735336)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.805040 -> 7.771539)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.843616 -> 7.734416)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly login: ROOT LOGIN (root) ON ttyv1
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.774619 -> 7.740860)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839139 -> 7.735976)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839139 -> 7.736433)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839139 -> 7.736580)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839139 -> 7.736791)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.839139 -> 7.736964)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.820332 -> 7.744583)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.820332 -> 7.744793)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.820332 -> 7.750961)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.842030 -> 7.734805)
> Apr 11 18:41:38 grizzly /kernel: microuptime() went backwards (7.831764 -> 7.737653)
> ===}}}
> 
> Different lines between bad kernel messages('-') and good old kernel
> messages('+'):
> 
> -avail memory = 127016960 (124040K bytes)
> +avail memory = 127021056 (124044K bytes)
> 
> -VESA: v2.0, 8192k memory, flags:0x0, mode table:0xc02f81a2 (1000022)
> +VESA: v2.0, 8192k memory, flags:0x0, mode table:0xc02f7362 (1000022)
> 
> Kernel config (did not changed):
> 
> ==={{{
> machine		i386
> #cpu		I386_CPU
> #cpu		I486_CPU
> #cpu		I586_CPU
> cpu		I686_CPU
> ident		griz
> maxusers	64
> options		MSGBUF_SIZE=81920
> #makeoptions	DEBUG=-g		#Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
> #options 	MATH_EMULATE		#Support for x87 emulation
> options 	INET			#InterNETworking
> options         IPFIREWALL              #firewall
> options         IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE      #print information about
> options         IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
> options 	FFS			#Berkeley Fast Filesystem
> options 	FFS_ROOT		#FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
> options 	SOFTUPDATES		#Enable FFS soft updates support
> options 	NFS			#Network Filesystem
> options 	MSDOSFS			#MSDOS Filesystem
> options 	CD9660			#ISO 9660 Filesystem
> options 	PROCFS			#Process filesystem
> options 	COMPAT_43		#Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
> options 	SCSI_DELAY=3000		#Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
> options 	INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE
> options 	USERCONFIG		#boot -c editor
> options 	VISUAL_USERCONFIG	#visual boot -c editor
> options 	KTRACE			#ktrace(1) support
> options 	SYSVSHM			#SYSV-style shared memory
> options 	SYSVMSG			#SYSV-style message queues
> options 	SYSVSEM			#SYSV-style semaphores
> options 	P1003_1B		#Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
> options 	_KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
> options		ICMP_BANDLIM		#Rate limit bad replies
> options 	KBD_INSTALL_CDEV	# install a CDEV entry in /dev
> options		VESA
> options         EXT2FS
> options		USER_LDT
> device		isa
> device		pci
> # Floppy drives
> device		fdc0	at isa? port IO_FD1 irq 6 drq 2
> device		fd0	at fdc0 drive 0
> # SCSI peripherals
> device		ahc		# AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
> device		scbus		# SCSI bus (required)
> device		da		# Direct Access (disks)
> device		cd		# CD
> device		pass		# Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
> # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
> device		atkbdc0	at isa? port IO_KBD
> device		atkbd0	at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
> device		psm0	at atkbdc? irq 12
> device		vga0	at isa?
> # splash screen/screen saver
> pseudo-device	splash
> # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
> device		sc0	at isa? flags 0x100
> options		SC_HISTORY_SIZE=1200
> options		SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03
> # Floating point support - do not disable.
> device		npx0	at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
> # Power management support (see LINT for more options)
> device		apm0    at nexus? flags 0x20 # Advanced Power Management
> # Serial (COM) ports
> device		sio0	at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
> device		sio1	at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3
> # Parallel port
> device		ppc0	at isa? irq 7
> device		ppbus		# Parallel port bus (required)
> device		lpt		# Printer
> device		plip		# TCP/IP over parallel
> device		ppi		# Parallel port interface device
> #device		vpo		# Requires scbus and da
> # PCI Ethernet NICs.
> device		fxp		# Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
> ## sound
> device		pcm
> device		sbc
> # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocated.
> pseudo-device	loop		# Network loopback
> pseudo-device	ether		# Ethernet support
> pseudo-device	sl	1	# Kernel SLIP
> pseudo-device	ppp	1	# Kernel PPP
> pseudo-device	tun		# Packet tunnel.
> pseudo-device	pty	64	# Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
> pseudo-device   vn	3
> pseudo-device	bpf	3
> pseudo-device	speaker
> 
> options 	NETGRAPH		#netgraph(4) system
> options 	TCP_DROP_SYNFIN		#drop TCP packets with SYN+FIN
> options 	TCP_RESTRICT_RST	#restrict emission of TCP RST
> options 	ICMP_BANDLIM
> options 	QUOTA			#enable disk quotas
> options 	NTIMECOUNTER=20
> options 	VESA
> ===}}}
> 
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-- 
nicholas harteau
nrh@ikami.com


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