From owner-freebsd-doc Mon Dec 17 10:10: 8 2001 Delivered-To: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org Received: from freefall.freebsd.org (freefall.FreeBSD.org [216.136.204.21]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 36A2137B41B for ; Mon, 17 Dec 2001 10:10:01 -0800 (PST) Received: (from gnats@localhost) by freefall.freebsd.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id fBHIA1q60658; Mon, 17 Dec 2001 10:10:01 -0800 (PST) (envelope-from gnats) Received: from relay3-gui.server.ntli.net (relay3-gui.server.ntli.net [194.168.4.200]) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8FDA837B41D for ; Mon, 17 Dec 2001 10:04:14 -0800 (PST) Received: from pc3-card4-0-cust122.cdf.cable.ntl.com ([62.254.251.122] helo=rhadamanth.private.submonkey.net ident=exim) by relay3-gui.server.ntli.net with esmtp (Exim 3.03 #2) id 16G27Z-0005EY-00 for FreeBSD-gnats-submit@freebsd.org; Mon, 17 Dec 2001 18:04:13 +0000 Received: from setantae by rhadamanth.private.submonkey.net with local (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16G27U-000B8Z-00 for FreeBSD-gnats-submit@freebsd.org; Mon, 17 Dec 2001 18:04:08 +0000 Message-Id: Date: Mon, 17 Dec 2001 18:04:08 +0000 From: Ceri Reply-To: Ceri To: FreeBSD-gnats-submit@freebsd.org X-Send-Pr-Version: 3.113 Subject: docs/32941: Minor grammatical fixes for intro.4 Sender: owner-freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG Precedence: bulk List-ID: List-Archive: (Web Archive) List-Help: (List Instructions) List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: X-Loop: FreeBSD.org >Number: 32941 >Category: docs >Synopsis: Minor grammatical fixes for intro.4 >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: low >Responsible: freebsd-doc >State: open >Quarter: >Keywords: >Date-Required: >Class: doc-bug >Submitter-Id: current-users >Arrival-Date: Mon Dec 17 10:10:01 PST 2001 >Closed-Date: >Last-Modified: >Originator: Ceri >Release: FreeBSD 4.4-STABLE i386 >Organization: >Environment: System: FreeBSD rhadamanth.private.submonkey.net 4.4-STABLE FreeBSD 4.4-STABLE #0: Wed Dec 5 00:48:29 GMT 2001 root@rhadamanth.private.submonkey.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/RHADAMANTH i386 Today's doc tree >Description: intro.4 could benefit from a couple of minor gramamatical fixups and spelling errors (well, behaviour is the British way, but I think manpages should be in American ?) Ceri >How-To-Repeat: man 4 intro >Fix: Here be patches: --- src/share/man/man4/intro.4.old Mon Dec 17 17:50:03 2001 +++ src/share/man/man4/intro.4 Mon Dec 17 17:59:37 2001 @@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ .Nm intro .Nd introduction to devices and device drivers .Sh DESCRIPTION -This section contains information related to devices, device driver +This section contains information related to devices, device drivers and miscellaneous hardware. .Ss The device abstraction Device is a term used mostly for hardware-related stuff that belongs to the system, like disks, printers, or a graphics display with its keyboard. There are also so-called .Em pseudo-devices -where a device driver emulates the behaviour of a device in software +where a device driver emulates the behavior of a device in software without any particular underlying hardware. A typical example for the latter class is .Pa /dev/mem , @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ .Xr mmap 2 . Not all drivers implement all system calls, for example, calling .Xr mmap 2 -on a terminal devices is likely to be not useful at all. +on terminal devices is not likely to be useful. .Ss Accessing Devices Most of the devices in a unix-like operating system are accessed through so-called @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ .Em block and .Em character -devices, or by a better name, buffered and unbuffered +devices, or to use better terms, buffered and unbuffered (raw) devices. The traditional names are reflected by the letters .Ql b @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Buffered devices are being accessed through the buffer cache of the operating system, and they are solely intended to layer a file system on top of them. They are normally implemented for disks and disk-like -devices only, for historical reasons also for tape devices. +devices only and, for historical reasons, for tape devices. .Pp Raw devices are available for all drivers, including those that also implement a buffered device. For the latter group of devices, the @@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ floppy disks (i.e. those used like tapes). .Pp -Access restrictions to device nodes are usually subject of the regular -file permissions of the device node entry, instead of being implied +Access restrictions to device nodes are usually subject to the regular +file permissions of the device node entry, instead of being enforced directly by the drivers in the kernel. .Ss Drivers without device nodes Drivers for network devices do not use device nodes in order to be >Release-Note: >Audit-Trail: >Unformatted: To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org with "unsubscribe freebsd-doc" in the body of the message