Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2014 19:20:13 +0400 From: "Alexander V. Chernikov" <melifaro@FreeBSD.org> To: Dmitry Selivanov <sd@rlan.ru> Cc: freebsd-ipfw <freebsd-ipfw@freebsd.org>, "freebsd-net@freebsd.org" <freebsd-net@freebsd.org> Subject: Re: ipfw named objejcts, table values and syntax change Message-ID: <53EE252D.10109@FreeBSD.org> In-Reply-To: <53EE16DE.9020209@rlan.ru> References: <53DC01DE.3000000@FreeBSD.org> <CA%2BhQ2%2BgNjA0rucTYAaPYQKtEMt9GZLC6RCi%2BOgPVRpuDC5Ei7Q@mail.gmail.com> <53DCA25C.1000108@FreeBSD.org> <53DF55FA.8010303@FreeBSD.org> <20140804115817.GA13814@onelab2.iet.unipi.it> <53DFE438.5050209@FreeBSD.org> <53E4BE62.4050303@rlan.ru> <53EE0A30.4020800@FreeBSD.org> <53EE16DE.9020209@rlan.ru>
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On 15.08.2014 18:19, Dmitry Selivanov wrote:
> 15.08.2014 17:25, Alexander V. Chernikov пишет:
>> On 08.08.2014 16:11, Dmitry Selivanov wrote:
>>> 04.08.2014 23:51, Alexander V. Chernikov пишет:
>>>> On 04.08.2014 15:58, Luigi Rizzo wrote:
>>>>> On Mon, Aug 04, 2014 at 01:44:26PM +0400, Alexander V. Chernikov
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>> On 02.08.2014 12:33, Alexander V. Chernikov wrote:
>>>>>>> On 02.08.2014 10:33, Luigi Rizzo wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Fri, Aug 1, 2014 at 11:08 PM, Alexander V. Chernikov
>>>>>>>> <melifaro@freebsd.org <mailto:melifaro@freebsd.org>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Hello all.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I'm currently working on to enhance ipfw in some areas.
>>>>>>>> The most notable (and user-visible) change is named table
>>>>>>>> support.
>>>>>>>> The other one is support for different lookup algorithms
>>>>>>>> for different
>>>>>>>> key types.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> For example, new ipfw permits writing this:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ipfw table tb1 create type cidr
>>>>>>>> ipfw add allow ip from table(tl1) to any
>>>>>>>> ipfw add allow ip from any lookup dst-ip tb1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ipfw table if1 create type iface
>>>>>>>> ipfw add skipto tablearg ip from any to any via table(if1)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> or even this:
>>>>>>>> ipfw table fl1 create type flow:src-ip,proto,dst-ip,dst-port
>>>>>>>> ipfw table fl1 add 10.0.0.5,tcp,10.0.0.6,80 4444
>>>>>>>> ipfw add allow ip from any to any flow table(fl1)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> all these changes fully preserve backward compatibility.
>>>>>>>> (actually tables needs now to be created before use and
>>>>>>>> their type needs
>>>>>>>> to match with opcode used, but new ipfw(8) performs
>>>>>>>> auto-creation
>>>>>>>> for cidr tables).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> There is another thing I'm going to change and I'm not
>>>>>>>> sure I can keep
>>>>>>>> the same compatibility level.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Table values, from one point of view, can be classified
>>>>>>>> to the following
>>>>>>>> types:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> - skipto argument
>>>>>>>> - fwd argument (*)
>>>>>>>> - link to another object (nat, pipe, queue)
>>>>>>>> - plain u32 (not bound to any object)
>>>>>>>> (divert/tee,netgraph,tag/utag,limit)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> There are the following reasons why I think it is
>>>>>>>> necessary to implement
>>>>>>>> explicit table values typing (like tables):
>>>>>>>> - Implementing fwd tablearg for IPv6 hosts requires
>>>>>>>> indirection table
>>>>>>>> - Converting nat/pipe instance ids to names renders
>>>>>>>> values unusable
>>>>>>>> - retiring old hack with storing saved pointer of found
>>>>>>>> object/rule
>>>>>>>> inside rule w/o proper locking
>>>>>>>> - making faster skipto
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ??????i don't buy the idea that you need typed arguments
>>>>>>>> for all the cases above. Maybe the case that
>>>>>>>> may make sense is the fwd argument (and in the future
>>>>>>>> something else).
>>>>>>>> We already discussed, i think, the fact that now it
>>>>>>>> is legal to have references to non existing things
>>>>>>>> (skipto, pipes etc.) implemented as u32.
>>>>>>>> Removing that would break configurations.
>>>>>>> It depends on actual implementation. This can be preserved by
>>>>>>> auto-creating necessary objects in kernel and/or in userspace, so
>>>>>>> we can (and should) avoid breaking in this particular way.
>>>>>> Can you please explain your vision on values another time?
>>>>>> As far as I understand, you're not against it in general, but the
>>>>>> details matter:
>>>>>> * IP address can be one of the types (it won't break much, and we
>>>>>> can
>>>>>> simply skip that one for MFC)
>>>>>> * what about typing for nat/pipes ? we're not going to convert
>>>>>> their ids
>>>>>> to names? (or maybe you can suggest other non-disruptive way?)
>>>>>> * everything else is type "u32"
>>>>>
>>>>> Correct, I am mostly concerned about the details, not on the
>>>>> general concept.
>>>>>
>>>>> To summarize the discussion Alexander and I had about converting
>>>>> identifiers from numbers to arbitrary strings (this is partly related
>>>>> to the values stored in tables, but I think we should have a coherent
>>>>> behaviour)
>>>>>
>>>>> 1. CURRENTLY ipfw uses numeric identifiers in a small range (16
>>>>> bits or less)
>>>>> for rules, pipes, queues, tables, probably nat instances.
>>>>>
>>>>> 2. CURRENTLY, in all the above contexts, it is legal to reference a
>>>>> non existing object (rule, pipe, table names, etc.),
>>>>> and the kernel will do something reasonable, namely jump to the
>>>>> next rule, drop traffic for non existing pipes, and so on.
>>>>>
>>>>> 3. of course we want to preserve backward compatibility both for
>>>>> the ioctl interface, and for user configurations.
>>>>>
>>>>> 4. The in-kernel representation of identifiers is not visible to
>>>>> users,
>>>>> so we can use a numeric representation in the kernel for
>>>>> identifiers.
>>>>> Strings like "12345" are converted with atoi() or the like,
>>>>> whereas for other identifiers or numbers outside of the 2^16
>>>>> range
>>>>> the kernel manages a translation table, allocating new numeric
>>>>> identifiers if a new string appears.
>>>>> This permits backward compatibility for old rulesets, and does
>>>>> not
>>>>> impact performance because the translation table is only
>>>>> used during rules additions or deletion.
>>>> Yes. However this requires either holding either (1) 2 pointers
>>>> (old&new
>>>> arrays), or (2) 65k+ index array, or (3) chained hash table.
>>>> (1) would require additional pointers for each subsystem (and some
>>>> additional management),
>>>> (2) will definitely upset embedded guys and
>>>> (3) is worse in terms of performance
>>>>>
>>>>> With this in mind, i think we should follow a similar approach for
>>>>> objects stored in tables, hence
>>>>>
>>>>> if an u32 value was available in the past, it must be
>>>>> available also in the new implementation.
>>>>>
>>>>> The issue with tables is that some convoluted configuration could
>>>>> use the same table to reference pipes _and_ rules _and_ perhaps
>>>>> other things represented as numbers (the former is not too strange,
>>>>> if i have a large configuration i might place sections at rules
>>>>> 12000, 13000, 14000... and associate pipes with the same numberic
>>>>> identifier to each block of rules).
>>>>>
>>>>> Typed table values would clearly disturb backward compatibility
>>>>> in the above configurations. However it should not be difficult
>>>>> to accept arbitrary strings as the values stored in tables, and
>>>>> then store multiple representations as appropriate, including:
>>>> Well, I've thought about thas one. It may be an option, but the
>>>> details
>>>> are not so promising (below)
>>>>> - the string representation, unconditionally
>>>>> - for names that can be resolved by DNS, the ipv6 and ipv4
>>>>> address(es)
>>>>> associated with them. ipfw already translates hostnames in rules
>>>>> so this is POLA
>>>> I'm not happy what ipfw(8) is doing instead of translation. The proper
>>>> way would be not simply using first AF_INET answer but saving ALL
>>>> IPv4+IPv6 records inside rule (and some more tracking should be done
>>>> afterwards, but that's totally different story). Additionally, I'm
>>>> unsure if we really need next-hop value expressed as hostname (how can
>>>> we deal with multiple addresses and diffrent AFs?). We may store
>>>> strings
>>>> (and I think we should do it) but I'm unsure about this particular
>>>> option of interpreting them.
>>>>> - for other strings, a u32 from the translation table as previously
>>>>> indicated
>>>>> - and for numeric values, the u32 representation (truncated if
>>>>> needed,
>>>>> according to whatever is the existing behaviour)
>>>>> - <add other representations if needed>
>>>>> If we cannot generate an u32 we will put some value (e.g. 0)
>>>>> that hopefully will not cause confusion.
>>>> As far as I understand, we accept some string "s" as table value
>>>> inside
>>>> the kernel, than, we have some logic that says:
>>>> oh, dummynet pipe has the same name "s"s, oh, nat entity with name "s"
>>>> has just been created, let's save indices.
>>>>
>>>> That would require additional indirection table like:
>>>>
>>>> index | [ skipto idx | nat idx | pipe idx | queue idx | fwd index ]
>>>> ( so we will have 2-level indirection table for fwd if we do IPv6)
>>>>
>>>> We can optimize this if we use "same name -> same kidx" approach
>>>> regardless of kernel object we're refering to. That might require some
>>>> more memory, but that's OK from my point of view.
>>>>
>>>> So we end up with
>>>> int [ skipto idx | fwd idx | obj idx ]
>>>>
>>>> idx "0" is special value which means the same as 2.CURRENT
>>>>
>>>> That looks better, but still way to complex.
>>>> I do care about compatibility, but it's hard to improve things without
>>>> changing.
>>>>
>>>> I'd like to propose the following:
>>>> * Split values into 3 types ("ip|nexthop", "number", "object")
>>>> * Do not insist on object existence, use value "0" to mimic 2.CURRENT
>>>> behavior.
>>>> * Retain full compatibility by introducing special value type "legacy"
>>>> which matches any type and is backed by given indirection table.
>>>> * Issue warning in ipfw(8) binary on all auto-created tables that
>>>> auto-creation is legacy and this behavior will be dropped in next
>>>> major
>>>> release (e.g. 11.0)
>>>> * Save this behavior in MFC but drop "legacy" tables in head after a
>>>> month after actual MFC.
>>>>
>>>> That do you think?
>>>>>
>>>>> If we do it this way, we should be able to preserve backward
>>>>> compatibility _and_ add features that people may need.
>>>>>
>>>>> cheers
>>>>> luigi
>>>>>
>>> Here is my idea: tablearg should contain more than one value. I
>>> think getting several values from one table lookup is faster than
>>> several table lookups with one value.
>>> Let tablearg be not just uint32, but array with different value
>>> types inside it.
>> There are some use cases where we might need 2-level value lookup
>> (e.g. algo returning index for index table where actual data reside)
>> and each data item can
>> really be up to 64-bytes long. The problem is in actual partitioning
>> and compatibility.
>>>
>>> For example I have many such rules:
>>> allow src-ip 1.2.3.4 MAC any 11:22:33:44:55:66 recv vlan1234 dst-ip
>>> 1.1.1.1
>> Sorry, what task are you solving by using given rules?
> Small ISP, clients have static IP with MAC-authorization. Src iface
> must be checked to prevent IP-spoofing. Dst-IP sometimes is used for
> p2p-channels.
>>>
>>> These rules can be replaced with such construction:
>>> allow src-ip table(1) MAC any tablearg[1] recv tablearg[2] dst-ip
>>> tablearg[3]
>>>
>>> But I don't think indexing by value is a good idea. I think
>>> index==starting byte is a better way:
>>> allow src-ip table(1) MAC any tablearg:0 recv tablearg:6 dst-ip
>>> tablearg:32
>>> where MAC's 6 bytes are from 0 to 5 in tablearg; iface string is
>>> from 6 and till \0, but less than 26 bytes; and IPv4's 4 bytes are
>>> from 32 to 35.
>>
>>> So we need to create table for it:
>>> table 1 set MAC:0 string:6:26 ip:32
>>> table 1 add 1.2.3.4 11:22:33:44:55:66 vlan1234 1.1.1.1
>>>
>>> String can be used both for iface and comment.
>>> Other possible value types:
>>> uint16 for nat, pipe, skipto and other 2-bytes actions
>>> IPv4 4 bytes
>>> CIDRv4 5 bytes
>>> IPv6 16 bytes
>>> CIDRv6 17 bytes
>>> table_id 2 bytes - link to another table
>> Well, it seems we have enough space to store most of these, however,
>> problems seem to remain the same: typing and compatibility.
>> When you're creating new table (or it is auto-created) which values
>> types should be assumed ? All of them?
> Default - as usually uint32.
I can't see "uint32" value in the list you have specified before. I'll
rephrase:
what value types (from the list above or similar) should ipfw(8) or
kernel fill in case of "default" table?
(And once again, what should we print as value) ?
Please think about
a) old ipfw binaries
b) new ipfw binaries using exactly the same ruleset they are already
using (with, for example, both "skipto tablearg" and "fwd tablearg "
tables).
>> What should `ipfw table X list` show as "value" field ?
> I added table "header" in this line:
> table 1 set MAC:0 string:6:26 ip:32
I don't think that user should be able to set any offsets in userland.
Exact offsets of variable of given type needs to be enforced by kernel,
so you may fill that you want "mac" and "ip" as values for given table,
but not lengths or offsets.
> So `ipfw table X list` should show something like this:
> ---table(0)---
> 1.2.3.4/32 11:22:33:44:55:66 vlan1234 1.1.1.1
> We can also add "header" description in output (with or without
> additional parameter - depends on compatibility needs) like this:
> ---table(0)--- addr MAC iface IPv4
>> How should ipfw(8) treat "add 1.1.1.1 0" input?
> It should look at table "header" and return error message like "Value
> doesn't match table header"
>> What will happen if we want to add another type field to this list?
>> (MAC address of Infiniband MAC address, for example).
> I don't think there is a sense to mix both MAC[6] and MAC[20] values
> in 1 table. It is easier to create 2 tables with different "headers".
> For Infiniband we can add another type: MAC20 (or something like
> this). Or we can use "MAC"-type like string type(see above): MAC:6:25
> (1st and last bytes, or 1st and length).
>>
>>>
>>> Table value length can be set for example with loader tunable like
>>> net.inet.ip.fw.table_value_length.
>>> Even with default uint32 value length we can get 2 uint16 values or
>>> 4 uint8 values, this can help in some configurations.
>>>
>>> This way is more complex, but much more flexible. It's like netgraph
>>> subsystem.
>>> I think it suites both Alexander and Luigi requests.
>>>
>>>
>>
>
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