From owner-svn-doc-head@FreeBSD.ORG Thu Oct 17 23:57:38 2013 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81749A77; Thu, 17 Oct 2013 23:57:36 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from dru@FreeBSD.org) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9B2AB2C27; Thu, 17 Oct 2013 23:57:36 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id r9HNvapn035334; Thu, 17 Oct 2013 23:57:36 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from dru@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.7/8.14.5/Submit) id r9HNvagu035333; Thu, 17 Oct 2013 23:57:36 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201310172357.r9HNvagu035333@svn.freebsd.org> From: Dru Lavigne Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2013 23:57:36 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r42994 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.14 Precedence: list List-Id: SVN commit messages for the doc tree for head List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2013 23:57:38 -0000 Author: dru Date: Thu Oct 17 23:57:36 2013 New Revision: 42994 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/42994 Log: This patch does the following: - rewords most occurances of "you" - puts acronym tags around ISP and IP - standardizes to "dial-up" White space patch to follow later. Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Thu Oct 17 22:33:32 2013 (r42993) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml Thu Oct 17 23:57:36 2013 (r42994) @@ -27,17 +27,16 @@ PPP - &os; has a number of ways to link one computer to another. - To establish a network or Internet connection through a dial-up - modem, or to allow others to do so through you, requires the use - of PPP. This chapter describes setting u - p these modem-based communication services in detail. + &os; supports the Point-to-Point (PPP) + protocol which can be used to establish a network or Internet + connection using a dial-up modem. This chapter describes how to + configure modem-based communication services in &os;. After reading this chapter, you will know: - How to set configure PPP. + How to configure PPP. How to set up PPP over Ethernet @@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ Be familiar with basic network terminology. - Understand the basics and purpose of a dialup connection + Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection and PPP. @@ -107,78 +106,74 @@ Configuring <acronym>PPP</acronym> - This document assumes you have the following: + In order to configure PPP, the following + items are needed: - An account with an Internet Service Provider - (ISP) which you connect to using - PPP. + A dial-up account with an Internet Service Provider + (ISP). - A modem or other device connected to your system and - properly configured to allow you to connect to your - ISP. + A dial-up modem. - The dial-up number(s) of your ISP. + The dial-up number for the ISP. - The login name and password assigned by the ISP. + The login name and password assigned by the ISP. - The IP address of one or more name servers. - Normally, you will be given two IP addresses by your - ISP to use for this. If they have not given you at - least one, then you can use the enable - dns command in ppp.conf + The IP address of one or more name servers. + Normally, an ISP provides these addresses. + If not, use enable + dns in ppp.conf and ppp will set the name - servers for you. This feature depends on your ISP's - PPP implementation supporting DNS + servers. This feature requires the ISP + to supporting DNS negotiation. - The following information may be supplied by your ISP, but - is not completely necessary: + The following information may be supplied by the ISP, but + is not necessary: - The IP address of your ISP's gateway. The gateway is - the machine to which you will connect and will be set up as - your default route. If you do not have - this information, we can make one up and your ISP's PPP - server will tell us the correct value when we - connect. + The IP address of the default gateway. + If this information is missing + the ISP's PPP + server will provide the correct value during + connection setup. - This IP number is referred to as + This IP number is referred to as HISADDR by ppp. - The netmask you should use. If your ISP has not - provided you with one, you can safely use The subnet mask. If the ISP has not + provided one, use 255.255.255.255. - static IP address + static IP address - If your ISP provides you with a static IP address and - hostname, you can enter it. Otherwise, we simply let the - peer assign whatever IP address it sees fit. + If the ISP has assigned a static IP address and + hostname, enter it. Otherwise, this information will be provided + during connection setup. - If you do not have any of the required information, contact - your ISP. + If any required information is missing, contact + the ISP. Throughout this section, many of the examples showing the @@ -194,28 +189,26 @@ can be found in /usr/share/examples/ppp/. - Configuring ppp requires that you edit a - number of files, depending on your requirements. What you put - in them depends to some extent on whether your ISP allocates IP - addresses statically (i.e., you get given one IP address, and - always use that one) or dynamically (i.e., your IP address - changes each time you connect to your ISP). + A number of files are edited when configuring + ppp. The edits + depend to some extent on whether the ISP allocates IP + addresses statically or dynamically. - PPP With Static IP Addresses + PPP With Static <acronym>IP</acronym> Addresses PPP - with static IP addresses + with static IP addresses - You will need to edit the - /etc/ppp/ppp.conf configuration file. - It should look similar to the example below. + If the ISP has provided an address that does not change, edit + /etc/ppp/ppp.conf as described + in the example below. Lines that end in a : start in the - first column (beginning of the line)— all other lines + first column (beginning of the line) while all other lines should be indented as shown using spaces or tabs. @@ -353,9 +346,9 @@ Identifies an entry for a provider called provider. This could be changed - to the name of your ISP so - that later you can use the to start + to the name of the ISP so + that can be used to start the connection. @@ -369,14 +362,14 @@ colon (:) or pipe character (|) as a separator. The difference between the two separators is described - in &man.ppp.8;. To summarize, if you want to rotate - through the numbers, use a colon. If you want to + in &man.ppp.8;. To summarize, to rotate + through the numbers, use a colon. To always attempt to dial the first number first and only use the other numbers if the first number fails, use the pipe character. Always quote the entire set of phone numbers as shown. - You must enclose the phone number in quotation + The phone number must be enclosed in quotation marks (") if there is any intention on using spaces in the phone number. This can cause a simple, yet subtle error. @@ -400,9 +393,9 @@ Line 15: - If you are using - PAPPAP or - CHAPCHAP, + If + PAP or + CHAP are used, there will be no login at this point, and this line should be commented out or removed. See for further @@ -418,10 +411,10 @@ login: foo password: bar protocol: ppp - You will need to alter this script to suit your - own needs. When you write this script for the first - time, you should ensure that you have enabled - chat logging so you can determine if + Alter this script to suit your + own needs. When writing this script for the first + time, ensure that + chat logging is enabled to help determine if the conversation is going as expected. @@ -434,7 +427,7 @@ protocol: ppp timeouttimeout (in seconds) for the connection. Here, the connection will be closed automatically after 300 - seconds of inactivity. If you never want to + seconds of inactivity. To prevent a timeout timeout, set this value to zero or use the command line switch. @@ -445,17 +438,16 @@ protocol: ppp Sets the interface addresses. The string x.x.x.x should be - replaced by the IP address that your - providerISP - has allocated to you. The string + replaced by the IP address that the + ISP + has allocated. The string y.y.y.y should be - replaced by the IP address that your ISP indicated - for their gateway (the machine to which you - connect). If your ISP has not given you a gateway + replaced by the IP address of the + gateway. If the ISP has not provided a gateway address, use 10.0.0.2/0. If you need - to use a guessed address, make sure - that you create an entry in + role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0. When + using a guessed address, + create an entry in /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup as per the instructions in . If this line is @@ -468,26 +460,26 @@ protocol: ppp Line 18: - Adds a default route to your ISP's gateway. The + Adds a default route to the gateway. The special word HISADDR is replaced with the gateway address specified on line 17. It is important that this line appears after line 17, otherwise HISADDR will not yet be initialized. - If you do not wish to run ppp in - , this line should be moved + When + is not used, this line should be moved to the ppp.linkup file. It is not necessary to add an entry to - ppp.linkup when you have a static - IP address and are running ppp in - mode as your routing table entries are already correct - before you connect. You may however wish to create an - entry to invoke programs after connection. This is + ppp.linkup when using a static + IP address and when running ppp in + mode as the routing table entries are already correct. + However, an + entry can be created to invoke programs after connection. This is explained later with the sendmail example. Example configuration files can be found in the @@ -497,23 +489,23 @@ protocol: ppp - <acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic IP + <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> Addresses PPP - with dynamic IP addresses + with dynamic IP addresses IPCP - If your service provider does not assign static IP - addresses, ppp can be configured to + If the IP + address changes whenever a connection is made, configure ppp to negotiate the local and remote addresses. This is done by - guessing an IP address and allowing - ppp to set it up correctly using the IP + guessing an IP address and allowing + ppp to set it up correctly using the IP Configuration Protocol (IPCP) after connecting. The ppp.conf configuration is the same as that described in The number after the / character is the number of bits of the address that - ppp will insist on. You may wish to use IP numbers - more appropriate to your circumstances, but the + ppp will insist on. Other IP addresses + can be used, but the above example will always work. The last argument (0.0.0.0) tells PPP to start negotiations using address 0.0.0.0 rather than 10.0.0.1 and is - necessary for some ISPs. Do not use + necessary for some ISPs. Do not use 0.0.0.0 as the first argument to set ifaddr as it prevents PPP from setting up an initial route in @@ -550,10 +542,10 @@ protocol: ppp - If you are not running in mode, - you will need to create an entry in - /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup. - ppp.linkup is used after a connection + When not running in mode, + create an entry in + /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup as this file + is used after a connection has been established. At this point, ppp will have assigned the interface addresses and it will now be possible to add the routing @@ -572,8 +564,8 @@ protocol: ppp ppp.linkup according to the following rules: First, try to match the same label as we used in ppp.conf. If - that fails, look for an entry for the IP address of - our gateway. This entry is a four-octet IP style + that fails, look for an entry for the IP address of + our gateway. This entry is a four-octet IP style label. If we still have not found an entry, look for the MYADDR entry. @@ -587,7 +579,7 @@ protocol: ppp default route that points to HISADDR. HISADDR will be replaced with the - IP number of the gateway as negotiated by the + IP number of the gateway as negotiated by the IPCP. @@ -608,15 +600,15 @@ protocol: ppp receiving incoming calls - When you configure ppp to + When configuring ppp to receive incoming calls on a machine connected to a LAN, - you must decide if you wish to forward packets to the LAN. - If you do, you should allocate the peer an IP number from - your LAN's subnet, and use the command enable - proxy in your - /etc/ppp/ppp.conf file. You should - also confirm that the /etc/rc.conf - file contains the following: + decide if packets should be forwarded to the LAN. + If so, allocate the peer an IP address from + the LAN's subnet, and use enable + proxy in the + /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. + Alsom confirm that /etc/rc.conf + contains the following line: gateway_enable="YES" @@ -637,13 +629,13 @@ protocol: ppp The advantages of using mgetty is that it actively talks to modems, meaning if port is turned off in - /etc/ttys then your modem will not + /etc/ttys then the modem will not answer the phone. Later versions of mgetty (from 0.99beta onwards) also support the automatic detection of - PPP streams, allowing your clients - script-less access to your server. + PPP streams, allowing clients + scriptless access to the server. Refer to for more information on mgetty. @@ -653,15 +645,14 @@ protocol: ppp <application>PPP</application> Permissions The ppp command must normally be - run as the root user. If however, - you wish to allow ppp to run in - server mode as a normal user by executing - ppp as described below, that user + run as the root user. + To instead allow ppp to run in + server mode as a normal user, that user must be given permission to run ppp by adding them to the network group in /etc/group. - You will also need to give them access to one or more + The user also needs access to one or more sections of the configuration file using the allow command: @@ -673,7 +664,7 @@ protocol: ppp - <acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic IP + <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> Users @@ -704,12 +695,10 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT&prompt.root; ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup - You should use this script as the - shell for all of your dialup users. + Use this script as the + shell for all of dial-up users. This is an example from /etc/passwd - for a dialup PPP user with username - pchilds (remember do not directly - edit the password file, use &man.vipw.8;). + for a dial-up PPP: pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup @@ -726,7 +715,7 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT - <acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static IP + <title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static <acronym>IP</acronym> Users @@ -735,19 +724,19 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENTCreate the ppp-shell file as above, and for each account with statically assigned - IPs create a symbolic link to + IPs create a symbolic link to ppp-shell. - For example, if you have three dialup customers, + For example, to route /24 CIDR + networks for the dial-up customers fred, sam, - and mary, that you route /24 CIDR - networks for, you would type the following: + and mary, type: &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary - Each of these users dialup accounts should have + Each of these users dial-up accounts should have their shell set to the symbolic link created above (for example, mary's shell should be /etc/ppp/ppp-mary). @@ -755,7 +744,7 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT Setting Up <filename>ppp.conf</filename> for - Dynamic IP Users + Dynamic IP Users The /etc/ppp/ppp.conf file should contain something along the lines of: @@ -777,23 +766,21 @@ ttyu1: The default: section is loaded - for each session. For each dialup line enabled in + for each session. For each dial-up line enabled in /etc/ttys create an entry similar to the one for ttyu0: above. Each - line should get a unique IP address from your pool of - IP addresses for dynamic users. + line should get a unique IP address from the pool of + IP addresses for dynamic users. Setting Up <filename>ppp.conf</filename> for - Static IP Users + Static IP Users Along with the contents of the sample /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf - above you should add a section for each of the - statically assigned dialup users. We will continue with - our fred, sam, - and mary example. + above, add a section for each of the + statically assigned dial-up users:. fred: set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255 @@ -806,7 +793,7 @@ mary: The file /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup should also contain routing information for each static - IP user if required. The line below would add a route + IP user if required. The line below would add a route for the 203.14.101.0/24 network via the client's ppp link. @@ -850,24 +837,24 @@ mary: role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax port on his system. - Make sure your + Ensure that /usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config - file has the following in it: + has the following: /AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup - This will tell mgetty to run the - ppp-pap-dialup script for detected + This tells mgetty to run + ppp-pap-dialup for detected PPP connections. - Create a file called + Create an executable file called /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup containing - the following (the file should be executable): + the following: #!/bin/sh exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT - For each dialup line enabled in + For each dial-up line enabled in /etc/ttys, create a corresponding entry in /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. This will happily co-exist with the definitions we created @@ -887,8 +874,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENTenable passwdauth - If you wish to assign some users a static IP number, - you can specify the number as the third argument in + To assign some users a static IP number, + specify the number as the third argument in /etc/ppp/ppp.secret. See /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample for examples. @@ -944,11 +931,11 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5 PAP CHAP - Some ISPs set their system up so that the - authentication part of your connection is done using + Some ISPs set their system up so that the + authentication part of the connection is done using either of the PAP or CHAP authentication mechanisms. If - this is the case, your ISP will not give a - login: prompt when you connect, but will + this is the case, the ISP will not give a + login: prompt at connection, but will start talking PPP immediately. PAP is less secure than CHAP, but security is not @@ -973,8 +960,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5 Line 13: - This line specifies your PAP/CHAP user name. - You will need to insert the correct value for + This line specifies the PAP/CHAP user name. + Insert the correct value for MyUserName. @@ -982,9 +969,9 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5 Line 14: - This line specifies your PAP/CHAP + This line specifies the PAP/CHAP passwordpassword. - You will need to insert the correct value for + Insert the correct value for MyPassword. You may want to add an additional line, such as: @@ -1004,9 +991,9 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5 Line 15: - Your ISP will not normally require that you log - into the server if you are using PAP or CHAP. You - must therefore disable your set login + The ISP will not normally require a login + to the server when using PAP or CHAP. + Therefore, disable the set login string. @@ -1014,13 +1001,13 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5 - Changing Your <command>ppp</command> Configuration + <title>Changing the <command>ppp</command> Configuration on the Fly It is possible to talk to the ppp program while it is running in the background, but only if a suitable diagnostic port has been set up. To do - this, add the following line to your configuration: + this, add the following line to the configuration: set server /var/run/ppp-tun%d DiagnosticPassword 0177 @@ -1057,7 +1044,7 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5 ppp_nat, which is enabled by default. - If you use this feature, you may also find useful + When using this feature, it may be useful to include the following /etc/ppp/ppp.conf options to enable incoming connections forwarding: @@ -1076,23 +1063,22 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http httpPPPconfiguration - You now have ppp configured, but - there are a few more things to do before it is ready to - work. They all involve editing the - /etc/rc.conf file. + While ppp is now configured, + some edits still need to be made to + /etc/rc.conf. Working from the top down in this file, make sure the - hostname= line is set, e.g.: + hostname= line is set: hostname="foo.example.com" - If your ISP has supplied you with a static IP address - and name, it is probably best that you use this name as your + If the ISP has supplied a static IP address + and name, use this name as the host name. Look for the network_interfaces - variable. If you want to configure your system to dial your - ISP on demand, make sure the tun0 + variable. To configure the system to dial the + ISP on demand, make sure the tun0 device is added to the list, otherwise remove it. network_interfaces="lo0 tun0" @@ -1107,14 +1093,14 @@ ifconfig_tun0= ppp -auto mysystem This script is executed at network configuration time, - starting your ppp daemon in automatic mode. If you have - a LAN for which this machine is a gateway, you may also - wish to use the switch. Refer + starting the ppp daemon in automatic mode. If + this machine acts as a gateway, consider including + . Refer to the manual page for further details. Make sure that the router program is set to - NO with the following line in your + NO with the following line in /etc/rc.conf: router_enable="NO" @@ -1140,15 +1126,10 @@ ifconfig_tun0= sendmail - The downside of this is that you must force - sendmail to re-examine the mail queue - whenever the ppp link is up by typing: - - &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q - - You may wish to use the !bg command - in ppp.linkup to do this - automatically: + The downside is that + sendmail is forced to re-examine the mail queue + whenever the ppp link. To automate this, include !bg + in ppp.linkup: 1 provider: 2 delete ALL @@ -1159,20 +1140,20 @@ ifconfig_tun0= SMTP - If you do not like this, it is possible to set up a + An alternative is to set up a dfilter to block SMTP traffic. Refer to the sample files for further details. All that is left is to reboot the machine. After - rebooting, you can now either type: + rebooting, either type: &prompt.root; ppp and then dial provider to start the - PPP session, or, if you want + PPP session, or, to configure ppp to establish sessions automatically - when there is outbound traffic (and you have not created the - start_if.tun0 script), type: + when there is outbound traffic and + start_if.tun0 does not exist, type: &prompt.root; ppp -auto provider @@ -1188,7 +1169,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0= Ensure that the tun device - is built into your kernel. + is built into the kernel. @@ -1202,11 +1183,11 @@ ifconfig_tun0= Create an entry in /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. The pmdemand example should suffice - for most ISPs. + for most ISPs. - If you have a dynamic IP address, create an entry in + When using a dynamic IP address, create an entry in /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup. @@ -1217,7 +1198,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0= Create a start_if.tun0 script - if you require demand dialing. + if demand dialing is required. @@ -1226,7 +1207,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0= Ensure that the tun device - is built into your kernel. + is built into the kernel. @@ -1261,8 +1242,7 @@ ifconfig_tun0= - Update your /etc/rc.conf - file. + Update /etc/rc.conf. @@ -1288,23 +1268,20 @@ ifconfig_tun0= This section covers a few issues which may arise when - using PPP over a modem connection. For - instance, perhaps you need to know exactly what prompts the - system you are dialing into will present. Some + using PPP over a modem connection. Some ISPs present the - ssword prompt, and others will present - password; if the ppp + ssword prompt while others present + password. If the ppp script is not written accordingly, the login attempt will fail. The most common way to debug ppp - connections is by connecting manually. The following - information will walk you through a manual connection step by - step. + connections is by connecting manually as described in this + section. Check the Device Nodes When using a custom kernel, make sure to include the - following line in your kernel configuration file: + following line in the kernel configuration file: device uart @@ -1316,15 +1293,14 @@ ifconfig_tun0= &prompt.root; dmesg | grep uart - You should get some pertinent output about the + This should display some pertinent output about the uart devices. These are the COM - ports we need. If your modem acts like a standard serial - port then you should see it listed on + ports we need. If the modem acts like a standard serial + port, it should be listed on uart1, or - COM2. If so, you are not required - to rebuild the kernel. When matching up sio modem is on - uart1 or - COM2 if you are in DOS, then your + COM2. If so, + a kernel rebuild is not required. When matching up, if the modem is on + uart1, the modem device would be /dev/cuau1. @@ -1334,40 +1310,37 @@ ifconfig_tun0= Connecting to the Internet by manually controlling ppp is quick, easy, and a great way to - debug a connection or just get information on how your + debug a connection or just get information on how the ISP treats ppp client connections. Lets start PPP from the command line. Note that in all of our examples we will use example as the hostname of the - machine running PPP. You start - ppp by just typing + machine running PPP. To start ppp: &prompt.root; ppp - We have now started ppp. - ppp ON example> set device /dev/cuau1 - We set our modem device, in this case it is + This second command sets the modem device to cuau1. ppp ON example> set speed 115200 - Set the connection speed, in this case we - are using 115,200 kbps. + This sets the connection speed to + 115,200 kbps. ppp ON example> enable dns - Tell ppp to configure our + This tells ppp to configure the resolver and add the nameserver lines to /etc/resolv.conf. If - ppp cannot determine our hostname, we can - set one manually later. + ppp cannot determine the hostname, it can + manually be set later. ppp ON example> term - Switch to terminal mode so that we can + This switches to terminal mode in order to manually control the modem. deflink: Entering terminal mode on /dev/cuau1 @@ -1378,7 +1351,7 @@ OK atdt123456789 Use at to initialize the modem, - then use atdt and the number for your + then use atdt and the number for the ISP to begin the dial in process. CONNECT @@ -1389,24 +1362,24 @@ OK ISP Login:myusername - Here you are prompted for a username, return the + At this prompt, return the prompt with the username that was provided by the ISP. ISP Pass:mypassword - This time we are prompted for a password, just + At this prompt, reply with the password that was provided by the ISP. Just like logging into &os;, the password will not echo. Shell or PPP:ppp - Depending on your ISP this prompt - may never appear. Here we are being asked if we wish to - use a shell on the provider, or to start - ppp. In this example, we have chosen - to use ppp as we want an Internet + Depending on the ISP, this prompt + might not appear. If it does, it is asking whether to + use a shell on the provider or to start + ppp. In this example, + ppp was selected in order to establish an Internet connection. Ppp ON example> @@ -1431,9 +1404,9 @@ OK Here we add our default route, we need to do this before we can talk to the outside world as currently the only established connection is with the peer. If this fails due to - existing routes you can put a bang character + existing routes, put a bang character ! in front of the . - Alternatively, you can set this before making the actual + Alternatively, set this before making the actual connection and it will negotiate a new route accordingly. @@ -1441,52 +1414,49 @@ OK connection to the Internet, which could be thrown into the background using CTRL - z If you notice the - PPP return to ppp then - we have lost our connection. This is good to know because it - shows our connection status. Capital P's show that we have a + z If + PPP returns to ppp then + the connection has bee lost. This is good to know because it + shows the connection status. Capital P's represent a connection to the ISP and lowercase p's - show that the connection has been lost for whatever reason. - ppp only has these 2 states. *** DIFF OUTPUT TRUNCATED AT 1000 LINES ***