From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sat Feb 15 09:13:16 2020 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.nyi.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2610:1c1:1:606c::19:1]) by mailman.nyi.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8CD072540A7 for ; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 09:13:16 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf.mardorf@rocketmail.com) Received: from sonic304-21.consmr.mail.ir2.yahoo.com (sonic304-21.consmr.mail.ir2.yahoo.com [77.238.179.146]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 48KPfz3ls6z4158 for ; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 09:13:15 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from ralf.mardorf@rocketmail.com) X-YMail-OSG: WAp4g8sVM1kqDLPbDvu8_v7Ry1UvwVwZs4tKaI.VBYwX6Z6IGnX2hq5dEntaHfe 5VoFKZhXxfAjVXnX3AAsGJWMTrW_vnNjjHy._NXAdiuJ9EfSKkt_j41M_bcPcWTaPm8NCXLGZeyM 1KxXlABGS7PYO169cC16TY_xfYJpm5L7pBeUVtmNSdww2QJpLQG7y65EKTelWXM9j4QcLHoyFpJP ntH9Q0IyJGpvsKIRdEWnywJZJjsWU.qstu8osagdgViyzId1cGToWNvydHYYuLkayYJdYIH9N8Bg a4GZfhKNmc1HWqAwWVSA3wHABhnMxpzNg_Pv7Iq.ZtPX.TuPOoCHb5DBm83M5lAGJeBXoL4ZshbV 4fAr273vXuAvUgg6s9rrNczJvn1F9yWgYsMvKny2WE7yz521Dz4NElIzwSeCtlzquWtJ4MlABK3K bIJcMD.XuvUrZN5gH1dmKxnNgfJKpjADI_xGIV0C4sy4YXS0z7aZFMYcDTVrwozhnBJ8CbkmSrCN lvnX8sQyTLSmaUbBhRydVn9lx6zV4.0vRrZQ4ULS7VAgZd1SVryy1D_8i9nDO941xxKV23xBPwhF p7dmv2GawR4CUHqDo3s3_PD0W3bmiu7hdv50g6B4KDc2EivsY3lJoOd9vQu1LHjxrcxEBvKCE3U4 H28U.Xj9qgptKB49hTIFjv2yCSnnhalsPq8ErEax_httlYP.0rfWnW_RQTlgfekJ2uZAEKqjbbNU MmCA8x.D5xdxHDbBBnywbXar9PeSjoqWBdeWTTnDc7Z_L4D58VGx94rO4hdcp4gKmL6Ol0b8SLz1 qGFzGdB3yne8pZqUhg5ctW0nVh6cB58.KU0fchym6YuStd9dEwhW4MPZvT0XBGkQU.ak2X79wSEX ULnabc1.RnvgV__UyDMr9xCCqWXwu8xEXDPilHy_aQFvmfwuuupsU0oF04zNrShFrMyFj.4Sj9Y7 4MJ9PS48OxEau.u69_Ofime9qtlVq_w6jeAnxxJdl8UnGwgICrvc9ggoIQ7ae.FrMIsmdrfY7pRY 70Z2oUwbKz4_4YhZ1tML1l5zyFh3YfuNE_UITXMJP3D.STky7X_YhNY18b4.h9VLKEtudToSjZYj h5PSt6oHCgTt8WGKWp0GJqowEPAdENR2gMCiS8laazoP2bOW9sgjKfkdCEuxvKYtB4_lwU5ep.33 pyXjULL7a32uVsMHdB4L4wP.5o42U14WL1AWdSzeKW.166ZlSYt3OTRy2Q2uwD_ybZsaKacWgGWQ VMv0GF_OnP2h8V.hlIz5jQHQEqC5DAfiSRl3XEzC2vcKg9Jb7dnVd6yMM_xsF_9rrAC_gAm491sP 3TVOEJA4HDKbOSuE48PvWRS4vPstUEAuzEzNzuCXJNGHh8GUC7bO3nEIKkB0vXveCNNb2eEP86Ty eUHmO3mzvahoh Received: from sonic.gate.mail.ne1.yahoo.com by sonic304.consmr.mail.ir2.yahoo.com with HTTP; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 09:13:13 +0000 Received: by smtp415.mail.ir2.yahoo.com (Oath Hermes SMTP Server) with ESMTPA ID fa4fd94b832587a812bb65c4ef4bbe63; Sat, 15 Feb 2020 09:13:10 +0000 (UTC) Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 10:13:09 +0100 From: Ralf Mardorf To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Technological advantages over Linux Message-ID: <20200215101309.4920e184@moonstudio> In-Reply-To: <20200215083848.ca1d5b3d463e50da5947a381@sohara.org> References: <20200214121620.GA80657@admin.sibptus.ru> <20200214195430.25365f87@moonstudio> <7371554e-82a3-a7aa-b764-ae2627e241d3@kicp.uchicago.edu> <20200214203134.17f6d4bd@moonstudio> <20200215064911.GF1482@admin.sibptus.ru> <20200215083848.ca1d5b3d463e50da5947a381@sohara.org> X-Mailer: Claws Mail (linux) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48KPfz3ls6z4158 X-Spamd-Bar: - X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-1.49 / 15.00]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-0.43)[-0.430,0]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[rocketmail.com:s=s2048]; XM_UA_NO_VERSION(0.01)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ptr:yahoo.com]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[rocketmail.com]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; TO_DN_NONE(0.00)[]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-0.57)[-0.572,0]; IP_SCORE_FREEMAIL(0.00)[]; RCPT_COUNT_ONE(0.00)[1]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_ALL(0.00)[]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[rocketmail.com:+]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[rocketmail.com,reject]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[146.179.238.77.list.dnswl.org : 127.0.5.0]; IP_SCORE(0.00)[ip: (6.33), ipnet: 77.238.176.0/22(2.16), asn: 34010(1.71), country: GB(-0.07)]; RWL_MAILSPIKE_POSSIBLE(0.00)[146.179.238.77.rep.mailspike.net : 127.0.0.17]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_NOT_FQDN(0.50)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:34010, ipnet:77.238.176.0/22, country:GB]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[rocketmail.com]; RCVD_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2] X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 09:13:16 -0000 On Sat, 15 Feb 2020 08:38:48 +0000, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: >On Sat, 15 Feb 2020 13:49:11 +0700 Victor Sudakov wrote: >> Ralf Mardorf via freebsd-questions wrote: >> > >> > An update never ever would replace /etc/foo.conf . On Arch Linux it >> > would be stored as /etc/foo.conf.pacnew , almost all Linux distros >> > provide such a solution, but the admin is screwed, if an update >> > does add a file to /etc/foo.d/ . >> >> FreeBSD has taken this path too (looking at /etc/rc.conf.d/, >> /etc/cron.d and numerous others). > >FreeBSD has used this approach to carefully separate default >configuration from user provided configuration - the directories are >generally for sysadmins the files for the distribution. For Linux it should be like this, too, but actually it isn't. To be fair, not all Linux packagers using drop-in dirs are berserkers. A "base" package might contain a rough default configuration. For using software of a "highly specialised" package one setting of a rough default configuration _must_ be changed. With good faith the packager overrides this value by a drop-in file, since using this package's software anyway requires this special value. _But_ maybe the package wasn't installed to use the software, but just to get the documentation and the user isn't aware that a value was changed in a way, that breaks the working install. However, some packagers are berserkers, completely misusing drop-in dirs.