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Date:      Wed, 3 Dec 2003 00:29:14 +1030
From:      Malcolm Kay <malcolm.kay@internode.on.net>
To:        Ion-Mihai Tetcu <itetcu@apropo.ro>, freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Subject:   Re: fdisk question (long)
Message-ID:  <200312030029.14531.malcolm.kay@internode.on.net>
In-Reply-To: <20031202125044.574ca489.itetcu@apropo.ro>
References:  <20031202125044.574ca489.itetcu@apropo.ro>

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On Tue, 2 Dec 2003 21:20, Ion-Mihai Tetcu wrote:
> Hope someone will have the pacince to read all this ...
>
> I have a 120G HDD, in the BIOS is set as LBA. I've RTFM as much as I
> could, but there still are some things I clearly don't understand. I
> want to be sure that I can move this disk to another machine with
> anouter BIOS and the system still boots up.
>
> I've used sysinstall to make partitions and the result is bellow:
>
>
> it# fdisk ad0
> ******* Working on device /dev/ad0 *******
> parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
> cylinders=3D232578 heads=3D16 sectors/track=3D63 (1008 blks/cyl)
>
> Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
> parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
> cylinders=3D232578 heads=3D16 sectors/track=3D63 (1008 blks/cyl)
>

These figures are just figures that will probably work -- and are
unlikely to have any connection to the physical disk structure.

> Media sector size is 512
> Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
> Information from DOS bootblock is:
> The data for partition 1 is:
> sysid 165 (0xa5),(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
>     start 63, size 497952 (243 Meg), flag 0
>         beg: cyl 0/ head 1/ sector 1;
>         end: cyl 30/ head 254/ sector 63

Having sthe geometry set to 23578/16/63 (that is sixteen heads)
it is rather strange to address head number 254. Maximum head=20
number should then be 15.

However it is also quite common to define large disk geometries
as nnnnnn/255/63 which allows a maximum head number of 254.

> The data for partition 2 is:
> sysid 6 (0x06),(Primary 'big' DOS (>=3D 32MB))
>     start 498015, size 41929650 (20473 Meg), flag 0
>         beg: cyl 31/ head 0/ sector 1;
>         end: cyl 1023/ head 254/ sector 63

The CHS descriptor has overflowed -- nolonger meaningful.
LBA works with the 498015/41929650 figures.

> The data for partition 3 is:
> sysid 165 (0xa5),(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
>     start 42427665, size 192008880 (93754 Meg), flag 0
>         beg: cyl 1023/ head 255/ sector 63;
>         end: cyl 1023/ head 254/ sector 63
> The data for partition 4 is:
> <UNUSED>
>
> Q1: How can the partition 3 end up before beginning ?
>

The CHS entries are limited to 1023/255/63 which does not come anywhere
near the disk capacity -- so once C reaches 1023 the CHS recording capaci=
ty=20
has been exceeded. Or to put it another way the CHS entries are somewhat
meaningless on large disks. But the absolute start sector number and slic=
e=20
size is also recorded in the slice/partition table and this is used in LB=
A=20
mode.

> Q2: What is the Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
> trying to say ? The cylinders=3D232578 heads=3D16 sectors/track=3D63 sh=
ows the
> same as in teh BIOS screen.
>

Cylinder and head numbering starts at 0; sectors start at 1. A quirk of
history that you need to know when using CHS.

> Q3: The in-core parameters and those for BIOS calculation are the same;
> this normal (from my experince) / when they won't mach ?
>
> So i decided to make it by hand (note that sysid 0 for the first
> partition is a typo - it should be 165 and I'll want the / slice on it,
> and I want to reserve the second partition for a winXP, and the 3rd wil=
l
> be for the other slices).
>
=2E..
> Q4: I've supplied the start and size parameters by reading those
> provided by the sysinstall partitioning. How can I calculate them ?
>

Work with absolute sector numbers but chosen so that a slice always=20
starts at sector 1 in the CHS scheme.

> Q5: Why the new parameters are different from those of sysinstall ?
>

Possibly a change of assumed CHS geometry

> Q6: Is this schema OK and will I be able to use this disk in an other
> computer and access all the partitions and slices ?

Probably but I would feel happier with sysinstall generated values.

Malcolm



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