Date: Wed, 24 Dec 1997 10:37:03 +1030 From: Greg Lehey <grog@lemis.com> To: "Geoff C. Marshall" <count@ozemail.com.au> Cc: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG Subject: Re: X, MAKEDEV Message-ID: <19971224103703.46187@lemis.com> In-Reply-To: <349F7EC3.A148337F@ozemail.com.au>; from Geoff C. Marshall on Tue, Dec 23, 1997 at 08:05:07PM %2B1100 References: <349F7EC3.A148337F@ozemail.com.au>
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On Tue, Dec 23, 1997 at 08:05:07PM +1100, Geoff C. Marshall wrote:
> I have recently installed FreeBSD 2.2.5 and then cvs'ed it
> to 2.2-STABLE. I am quite impressed in a number of ways,
> but of course, I have a few problems. If someone can help
> I would appreciate it.
>
> 1. How do I force xdm to start in greater than 8-bit
> colour ? Presumably I can edit out lower modes
> in XF86Config, but that seems a little crude.
startx -- -bpp 16
You can do the same for any other pixel depths you may want to use.
> 2. I have been trying to configure a sound device,
> and I seem to have it right, but there is no
> /dev/snd0 and "MAKEDEV snd0" produces nothing
> but a small pause. What am I missing ?
> What information can I supply ?
MAKEDEV doesn't have the most intuitive naming in the world. I'm
attaching an excerpt from "The Complete FreeBSD", which I hope will
help you.
> 4. Never having uses Unix for WYSIWIG word
> processing before, what is the best approach ?
The best, or one you would like? :-) I'd say "forget WYSIWYG", but
that's probably not what you want to hear. Otherwise, check out
StarOffice or Lyx, both in the Ports Collection.
Greg
------------------------------------------------------------
Creating new device nodes
-------------------------
Just because the system supports a device doesn't mean that it automatically
has a name. The name is an entry in the /dev directory, and needs to be added
manually. If you boot a different kernel, you may have a mismatch between your
/dev directory and your kernel--either you have names for devices which aren't
included in the kernel, or you don't have names for devices which are included
in the kernel. In addition, some devices don't have device nodes, for example
Ethernet interfaces: they are treated differently by the ifconfig program.
As a result, you may have to create device nodes in order to access the
devices. For example, the system supports any combination of SCSI devices on a
controller, up to seven of them, but by default only one tape and four disks
are configured. If you add a second tape drive or a fifth SCSI disk, you will
need to add device nodes to be able to talk to them. You can do this the hard
way or the easy way. The hard way uses the mknod command (see the man page on
page 908). The easy way uses the script /dev/MAKEDEV. For example, by default
FreeBSD only supplies definitions for four SCSI disks. If you add a fifth SCSI
disk, enter:
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV sd4 create the device
# ./MAKEDEV sd4s0a create the slice entries too
MAKEDEV assumes that you are in the /dev directory, as indicated in this
example.
The names that MAKEDEV chooses aren't the most intuitive. You may have
difficulty deciding how to tell it to build the devices you want. Here's an
overview:
Table 11-4. Parameters for MAKEDEV
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Parameter | Function |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
|all | Make all known devices, with a standard number of units. Beware of |
| | this option: it first removes any device nodes in /dev. |
|std | Makes ``standard'' devices |
|local | Configuration specific devices |
|mach-4 | Devices for Mach's XFree86 distribution. See |
| | http://www.cs.hut.fi/lites.html for more info on LITES. |
|wt* | QIC-02 interfaced cartridge tape. Don't use this for SCSI tape. |
|st* | SCSI tape drives. |
|ft* | QIC-40/QIC-80 cartridge tapes interfaced via the floppy disk |
| | controller. |
|wd* | ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL and similar disk drives. |
|fd* | Floppy disk drives, both 31/2" and 51/4" |
|sd* | SCSI disks |
|cd* | SCSI CD-ROM drives |
|mcd* | Mitsumi CD-ROM drives |
|scd* | Sony CD-ROM drives |
|matcd* | Matsushita and Panasonic CD-ROM drives |
|wcd* | IDE (ATAPI) CD-ROM drives |
|vn* | ``vnode'' virtual disks. |
|od* | Optical disks |
|vty* | Virtual console devices for syscons and pcvt |
|mse* | Logitech and ATI Inport bus mouse |
|psm* | PS/2 mouse |
|sysmouse | Mousesystems mouse emulator for syscons |
|refclock-* | Serial ports used by xntpd parse refclocks. |
|tty* | General purpose serial ports |
|cua* | Dialout serial ports |
|ttyA* | Specialix SI/XIO dialin ports |
|cuaA* | Specialix SI/XIO dialout ports |
|ttyD* | Digiboard - 16 dialin ports |
|cuaD* | Digiboard - 16 dialout ports |
|pty* | Set of 32 master and slave pseudo terminals |
|vty* | Virtual terminals using syscons and pcvt console drivers. |
|lpt* | Standard parallel printer. |
|uk* | ``unknown'' SCSI device (supports ioctl calls only). |
|worm* | WORM driver. |
|pt* | SCSI processor type (scanners, for example) |
|PC-CARD | PC-CARD (previously called PCMCIA) support |
|card* | PC-CARD slots |
|apm | Advanced Power Management BIOS |
|bpf* | Berkeley packet filter |
|speaker | PC speaker |
|tw* | xten power controller |
|snd* | various sound cards |
|pcaudio | PCM audio driver |
|socksys | iBCS2 socket system driver |
|vat | VAT compatibility audio driver (requires snd*) |
|gsc | Genius GS-4500 hand scanner |
|joy | PC joystick |
|tun* | Tunneling IP device |
|snp* | tty snoop devices |
|spigot | Video Spigot video acquisition card |
|ctx* | Cortex-I video acquisition card |
|meteor* | Matrox Meteor video acquisition card (PCI) |
|bktr* | Bt848 based video acquisition card (PCI) |
|qcam* | Connectix QuickCamtm parallel port camera |
|isdn* | ISDN devices |
|labpc* | National Instrument's Lab-PC and LAB-PC+ |
|perfmon | CPU performance-monitoring counters |
|pci | PCI configuration-space access from user mode |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
The asterisk (*) after some names indicates that you should specify the number
of devices to create. Be careful here: the number of devices is not the number
of the last device. If you specify, say, tty8, MAKEDEV will create the devices
/dev/tty0 to /dev/tty7: it will not create a /dev/tty8.
Also be careful of ./MAKEDEV all: it first removes existing entries. If this
happens to you, you can remake them again with a more specific application,
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