Date: Fri, 8 Apr 2005 10:14:17 -0700 (PDT) From: Doug White <dwhite@gumbysoft.com> To: Kirill Ponomarew <krion@voodoo.oberon.net> Cc: freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org Subject: Re: 4.11R panics Message-ID: <20050408101149.T63303@carver.gumbysoft.com> In-Reply-To: <20050406084615.GF15165@voodoo.oberon.net> References: <20050406084615.GF15165@voodoo.oberon.net>
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On Wed, 6 Apr 2005, Kirill Ponomarew wrote:
> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
> fault virtual address=09=3D 0x20202020
Hm, something ran into a bunch of ASCII spaces..
Can you jump to frame #6 and print *kbp? It appears the kernel malloc
bucket list is corrupted, so I'm curious just how badly that struct is
spammed.
> fault code=09=09=3D supervisor read, page not present
> instruction pointer=09=3D 0x8:0xc0193533
> stack pointer=09 =3D 0x10:0xef9fbc88
> frame pointer=09 =3D 0x10:0xef9fbca4
> code segment=09=09=3D base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
> =09=09=09=3D DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
> processor eflags=09=3D interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL =3D 0
> current process=09=09=3D 6866 (man)
> interrupt mask=09=09=3D net tty bio cam
> trap number=09=09=3D 12
> panic: page fault
> #0 dumpsys () at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:487
> 487=09=09if (dumping++) {
> (kgdb) bt full
> #0 dumpsys () at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:487
> =09error =3D 0
> #1 0xc0197d4b in boot (howto=3D256) at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c=
:316
> =09howto =3D 256
> #2 0xc0198189 in panic (fmt=3D0xc02ec46c "%s") at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern=
_shutdown.c:595
> =09fmt =3D 0xc02ec46c "%s"
> =09bootopt =3D 256
> =09buf =3D "page fault", '\000' <repeats 245 times>
> #3 0xc02a1203 in trap_fatal (frame=3D0xef9fbc48, eva=3D538976288) at /us=
r/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:974
> =09frame =3D (struct trapframe *) 0xef9fbc48
> =09code =3D 16
> =09type =3D 12
> =09ss =3D 16
> =09esp =3D 0
> =09softseg =3D {ssd_base =3D 0, ssd_limit =3D 1048575, ssd_type =3D 27, s=
sd_dpl =3D 0, ssd_p =3D 1, ssd_xx =3D 14, ssd_xx1 =3D 0,
> ssd_def32 =3D 1, ssd_gran =3D 1}
> #4 0xc02a0eb1 in trap_pfault (frame=3D0xef9fbc48, usermode=3D0, eva=3D53=
8976288) at /usr/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:867
> =09va =3D 538976256
> =09vm =3D (struct vmspace *) 0x0
> =09map =3D 0xebdf3480
> =09rv =3D 0
> =09ftype =3D 1 '\001'
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> #5 0xc02a0a2b in trap (frame=3D{tf_fs =3D -274792432, tf_es =3D -9473884=
00, tf_ds =3D -274792432, tf_edi =3D -1070540928,
> tf_esi =3D -1070485596, tf_ebp =3D -274744156, tf_isp =3D -27474420=
4, tf_ebx =3D -1070540928, tf_edx =3D 9, tf_ecx =3D 9,
> tf_eax =3D 538976288, tf_trapno =3D 12, tf_err =3D 0, tf_eip =3D -1=
072089805, tf_cs =3D 8, tf_eflags =3D 66050, tf_esp =3D 0,
> tf_ss =3D -874502912}) at /usr/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:466
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> =09sticks =3D 3553920824
> =09i =3D 0
> =09ucode =3D 0
> =09type =3D 12
> =09code =3D 0
> =09eva =3D 538976288
> #6 0xc0193533 in malloc (size=3D324, type=3D0xc030d780, flags=3D9) at /u=
sr/src/sys/kern/kern_malloc.c:243
> =09type =3D (struct malloc_type *) 0xc030d780
> =09kbp =3D (struct kmembuckets *) 0xc031afa4
> =09kup =3D (struct kmemusage *) 0x0
> =09freep =3D (struct freelist *) 0x0
> =09indx =3D 9
> =09npg =3D 0
> =09allocsize =3D -1070540928
> =09s =3D 0
> =09va =3D 0x20202020 <Address 0x20202020 out of bounds>
> =09cp =3D 0x0
> =09savedlist =3D 0x0
> =09ksp =3D (struct malloc_type *) 0xffffffff
> #7 0xc0262dee in ufsdirhash_build (ip=3D0xcbe02500) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/=
ufs/ufs_dirhash.c:169
> =09dh =3D (struct dirhash *) 0xcbe02500
> =09bp =3D (struct buf *) 0x0
> =09ep =3D (struct direct *) 0x700
> =09vp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380
> =09bmask =3D 16777280
> =09pos =3D -874502912
> =09dirblocks =3D 28
> =09i =3D 0
> =09j =3D 0
> =09memreqd =3D 7562
> =09nblocks =3D 42
> =09narrays =3D 7
> =09nslots =3D 1792
> =09slot =3D 0
> #8 0xc025d9f6 in ufs_lookup (ap=3D0xef9fbdac) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/uf=
s_lookup.c:196
> =09vdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380
> =09dp =3D (struct inode *) 0xcbe02500
> =09bp =3D (struct buf *) 0x0
> =09ep =3D (struct direct *) 0x0
> =09entryoffsetinblock =3D -275509472
> =09slotstatus =3D FOUND
> =09slotoffset =3D -1
> =09slotsize =3D 0
> =09slotfreespace =3D 0
> =09slotneeded =3D 0
> =09numdirpasses =3D -274743976
> =09endsearch =3D 0
> =09prevoff =3D -1071890945
> =09pdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0x1000040
> =09tdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0x1ad2
> =09enduseful =3D -874473472
> =09bmask =3D 16383
> =09lockparent =3D 0
> =09wantparent =3D 0
> =09namlen =3D 0
> =09error =3D 0
> =09vpp =3D (struct vnode **) 0xef9fbe94
> =09cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8
> =09cred =3D (struct ucred *) 0xc8fc9d00
> =09flags =3D 49348
> =09nameiop =3D 0
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> #9 0xc0262c0d in ufs_vnoperate (ap=3D0xef9fbdac) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs=
/ufs_vnops.c:2376
> =09ap =3D (struct vop_generic_args *) 0x0
> #10 0xc01c1fda in vfs_cache_lookup (ap=3D0xef9fbe04) at vnode_if.h:77
> =09rc =3D 0
> =09a =3D {a_desc =3D 0xc02f3cc0, a_dvp =3D 0xeefdd380, a_vpp =3D 0xef9fbe=
94, a_cnp =3D 0xef9fbea8}
> =09dvp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380
> =09vpp =3D (struct vnode **) 0xef9fbe94
> =09cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8
> =09ap =3D (struct vop_lookup_args *) 0x0
> =09dvp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380
> =09vp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xef9fbdc0
> =09lockparent =3D 0
> =09error =3D 0
> =09vpp =3D (struct vnode **) 0xef9fbe94
> =09cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8
> =09cred =3D (struct ucred *) 0x0
> =09flags =3D 49348
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> =09vpid =3D 4009594880
> #11 0xc0262c0d in ufs_vnoperate (ap=3D0xef9fbe04) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs=
/ufs_vnops.c:2376
> =09ap =3D (struct vop_generic_args *) 0x0
> #12 0xc01c4f45 in lookup (ndp=3D0xef9fbe80) at vnode_if.h:52
> =09a =3D {a_desc =3D 0xc02f3c80, a_dvp =3D 0xeefdd380, a_vpp =3D 0xef9fbe=
94, a_cnp =3D 0xef9fbea8}
> =09dvp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380
> =09cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8
> =09cp =3D 0xebc0f42e ""
> =09dp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380
> =09tdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xebc76dc0
> =09mp =3D (struct mount *) 0xebc0f42e
> =09docache =3D 32
> =09wantparent =3D 0
> =09rdonly =3D 0
> =09trailing_slash =3D 0
> =09error =3D 0
> =09dpunlocked =3D 0
> =09cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> #13 0xc01c4a40 in namei (ndp=3D0xef9fbe80) at /usr/src/sys/kern/vfs_looku=
p.c:153
> =09fdp =3D (struct filedesc *) 0xebc0f400
> =09cp =3D 0xebc0f400 "/usr/local/sw/clients/i386_fbsd4/man/man1/i386"
> =09dp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xe986fe00
> =09aiov =3D {iov_base =3D 0xebc0f40d "/clients/i386_fbsd4/man/man1/i386",=
iov_len =3D 1011}
> =09auio =3D {uio_iov =3D 0xef9fbe30, uio_iovcnt =3D 1, uio_offset =3D 13,=
uio_resid =3D 1011, uio_segflg =3D UIO_SYSSPACE,
> uio_rw =3D UIO_READ, uio_procp =3D 0x0}
> =09error =3D -377029120
> =09linklen =3D -377029120
> =09cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> #14 0xc01ca779 in stat (p=3D0xef940f20, uap=3D0xef9fbf80) at /usr/src/sys=
/kern/vfs_syscalls.c:1794
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> =09uap =3D (struct stat_args *) 0xef9fbf80
> =09sb =3D {st_dev =3D 3420456960, st_ino =3D 3420457020, st_mode =3D 3872=
, st_nlink =3D 61332, st_uid =3D 512, st_gid =3D 4009605632,
> st_rdev =3D 1, st_atimespec =3D {tv_sec =3D 134713344, tv_nsec =3D 4096=
}, st_mtimespec =3D {tv_sec =3D -897953088,
> tv_nsec =3D -1070644224}, st_ctimespec =3D {tv_sec =3D -285361664, tv=
_nsec =3D 0}, st_size =3D -1180014721226240224,
> st_blocks =3D -1180014398828183552, st_blksize =3D 3222849527, st_flags=
=3D 3397014208, st_gen =3D 4019457824,
> st_lspare =3D -275509472, st_qspare =3D {-1180014020871061503, 12610158=
464}}
> =09error =3D -275509472
> =09nd =3D {ni_dirp =3D 0xbfbff070 "/client/man/man1/i386", ni_segflg =3D =
UIO_USERSPACE, ni_startdir =3D 0x0,
> ni_rootdir =3D 0xe986fe00, ni_topdir =3D 0x0, ni_vp =3D 0x0, ni_dvp =3D=
0xeefdd380, ni_pathlen =3D 1, ni_next =3D 0xebc0f42e "",
> ni_loopcnt =3D 2, ni_cnd =3D {cn_nameiop =3D 0, cn_flags =3D 49348, cn_=
proc =3D 0xef940f20, cn_cred =3D 0xc8fc9d00,
> cn_pnbuf =3D 0xebc0f400 "/usr/local/sw/clients/i386_fbsd4/man/man1/i3=
86", cn_nameptr =3D 0xebc0f42a "i386", cn_namelen =3D 4,
> cn_consume =3D 0}}
> #15 0xc02a14b9 in syscall2 (frame=3D{tf_fs =3D 47, tf_es =3D 47, tf_ds =
=3D 47, tf_edi =3D -1077937568, tf_esi =3D 134533803,
> tf_ebp =3D -1077940160, tf_isp =3D -274743340, tf_ebx =3D -10779401=
12, tf_edx =3D 21, tf_ecx =3D -1077940264, tf_eax =3D 188,
> tf_trapno =3D 12, tf_err =3D 2, tf_eip =3D 671817224, tf_cs =3D 31,=
tf_eflags =3D 659, tf_esp =3D -1077940284, tf_ss =3D 47})
> at /usr/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:1175
> =09params =3D 0xbfbfefc8 "p=F0=BF=BF=E0=EF=BF=BFOA\005(=B7P\b(\205=F0=BF=
=BF"
> =09i =3D 0
> =09callp =3D (struct sysent *) 0xc02fd160
> =09p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20
> =09orig_tf_eflags =3D 659
> =09sticks =3D 0
> =09error =3D 0
> =09narg =3D 2
> =09args =3D {-1077940112, -1077940256, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
> =09have_mplock =3D 1
> =09code =3D 188
> #16 0xc0292115 in Xint0x80_syscall ()
> No symbol table info available.
> #17 0x804b2f1 in ?? ()
> No symbol table info available.
> #18 0x804b996 in ?? ()
> No symbol table info available.
> #19 0x80493f1 in ?? ()
> No symbol table info available.
> #20 0x80491ca in ?? ()
> No symbol table info available.
>
>
> machine=09=09i386
> #cpu=09=09I386_CPU
> #cpu=09=09I486_CPU
> cpu=09=09I586_CPU
> cpu=09=09I686_CPU
> ident=09 =09OFFICE
> maxusers=090
>
> makeoptions=09DEBUG=3D-g=09=09#Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
>
> options DDB
> options DDB_UNATTENDED
> options =09MATH_EMULATE=09=09#Support for x87 emulation
> options =09INET=09=09=09#InterNETworking
> options =09INET6=09=09=09#IPv6 communications protocols
> options =09FFS=09=09=09#Berkeley Fast Filesystem
> options =09FFS_ROOT=09=09#FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
> options =09SOFTUPDATES=09=09#Enable FFS soft updates support
> options =09UFS_DIRHASH=09=09#Improve performance on big directories
> options =09MFS=09=09=09#Memory Filesystem
> options =09MD_ROOT=09=09=09#MD is a potential root device
> options =09NFS=09=09=09#Network Filesystem
> options =09NFS_ROOT=09=09#NFS usable as root device, NFS required
> options =09MSDOSFS=09=09=09#MSDOS Filesystem
> options =09CD9660=09=09=09#ISO 9660 Filesystem
> options =09CD9660_ROOT=09=09#CD-ROM usable as root, CD9660 required
> options =09PROCFS=09=09=09#Process filesystem
> options =09COMPAT_43=09=09#Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
> options =09SCSI_DELAY=3D3000=09=09#Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
> options =09UCONSOLE=09=09#Allow users to grab the console
> options =09USERCONFIG=09=09#boot -c editor
> #options =09VISUAL_USERCONFIG=09#visual boot -c editor
> options =09KTRACE=09=09=09#ktrace(1) support
> options =09SYSVSHM=09=09=09#SYSV-style shared memory
> options =09SYSVMSG=09=09=09#SYSV-style message queues
> options =09SYSVSEM=09=09=09#SYSV-style semaphores
> options SHMALL=3D16384
> options SHMMAX=3D"(SHMMAXPGS*PAGE_SIZE+1)"
> options SHMMAXPGS=3D8192
> options SHMMIN=3D128
> options SHMMNI=3D128
> options SHMSEG=3D96
> options =09P1003_1B=09=09#Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
> options =09_KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
> options=09=09ICMP_BANDLIM=09=09#Rate limit bad replies
> options =09KBD_INSTALL_CDEV=09# install a CDEV entry in /dev
>
> # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
> #options =09SMP=09=09=09# Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
> #options =09APIC_IO=09=09=09# Symmetric (APIC) I/O
>
> device=09=09isa
> #device=09=09eisa
> device=09=09pci
>
> # Floppy drives
> device=09=09fdc0=09at isa? port IO_FD1 irq 6 drq 2
> device=09=09fd0=09at fdc0 drive 0
> device=09=09fd1=09at fdc0 drive 1
> #
> # If you have a Toshiba Libretto with its Y-E Data PCMCIA floppy,
> # don't use the above line for fdc0 but the following one:
> #device=09=09fdc0
>
> # ATA and ATAPI devices
> device=09=09ata0=09at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14
> device=09=09ata1=09at isa? port IO_WD2 irq 15
> device=09=09ata
> device=09=09atadisk=09=09=09# ATA disk drives
> device=09=09atapicd=09=09=09# ATAPI CDROM drives
> device=09=09atapifd=09=09=09# ATAPI floppy drives
> device=09=09atapist=09=09=09# ATAPI tape drives
> options =09ATA_STATIC_ID=09=09#Static device numbering
>
> # SCSI Controllers
> #device=09=09ahb=09=09# EISA AHA1742 family
> device=09=09ahc=09=09# AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
> #device=09=09amd=09=09# AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
> #device=09=09isp=09=09# Qlogic family
> #device=09=09ncr=09=09# NCR/Symbios Logic
> #device=09=09sym=09=09# NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
> #options=09=09SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=3D0x40
> #=09=09=09=09# Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
> #=09=09=09=09# both sym and ncr are configured
>
> #device=09=09adv0=09at isa?
> #device=09=09adw
> #device=09=09bt0=09at isa?
> #device=09=09aha0=09at isa?
> #device=09=09aic0=09at isa?
>
> #device=09=09ncv=09=09# NCR 53C500
> #device=09=09nsp=09=09# Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
> #device=09=09stg=09=09# TMC 18C30/18C50
>
> # SCSI peripherals
> device=09=09scbus=09=09# SCSI bus (required)
> device=09=09da=09=09# Direct Access (disks)
> device=09=09sa=09=09# Sequential Access (tape etc)
> device=09=09cd=09=09# CD
> device=09=09ch=09=09# Tape changer
> device=09=09pass=09=09# Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
>
> # RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
> device=09=09asr=09=09# DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
> #device=09=09dpt=09=09# DPT Smartcache - See LINT for options!
> #device=09=09mly=09=09# Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
>
> # RAID controllers
> #device=09=09aac=09=09# Adaptec FSA RAID, Dell PERC2/PERC3
> #device=09=09ida=09=09# Compaq Smart RAID
> #device=09=09amr=09=09# AMI MegaRAID
> #device=09=09mlx=09=09# Mylex DAC960 family
> device=09=09twe=09=09# 3ware Escalade
>
> # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
> device=09=09atkbdc0=09at isa? port IO_KBD
> device=09=09atkbd0=09at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x0
> device=09=09psm0=09at atkbdc? irq 12
>
> device=09=09vga0=09at isa?
>
> # splash screen/screen saver
> pseudo-device=09splash
>
> # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
> device=09=09sc0=09at isa? flags 0x100
>
> # Enable this and PCVT_FREEBSD for pcvt vt220 compatible console driver
> #device=09=09vt0=09at isa?
> #options =09XSERVER=09=09=09# support for X server on a vt console
> #options =09FAT_CURSOR=09=09# start with block cursor
> # If you have a ThinkPAD, uncomment this along with the rest of the PCVT =
lines
> #options =09PCVT_SCANSET=3D2=09=09# IBM keyboards are non-std
>
> # Floating point support - do not disable.
> device=09=09npx0=09at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
>
> # Power management support (see LINT for more options)
> device=09=09apm0 at nexus? disable flags 0x20 # Advanced Power Managem=
ent
>
> # PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
> #device=09=09card
> #device=09=09pcic0=09at isa? irq 0 port 0x3e0 iomem 0xd0000
> #device=09=09pcic1=09at isa? irq 0 port 0x3e2 iomem 0xd4000 disable
>
> # Serial (COM) ports
> device=09=09sio0=09at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
> device=09=09sio1=09at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3
>
> # Parallel port
> device=09=09ppc0=09at isa? irq 7
> device=09=09ppbus=09=09# Parallel port bus (required)
> device=09=09lpt=09=09# Printer
> device=09=09plip=09=09# TCP/IP over parallel
> device=09=09ppi=09=09# Parallel port interface device
> #device=09=09vpo=09=09# Requires scbus and da
>
>
> # PCI Ethernet NICs.
> device=09=09em
>
> # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
> # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NI=
Cs!
> device=09=09miibus=09=09# MII bus support
> #device=09=09dc=09=09# DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
> device=09=09fxp=09=09# Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
> #device=09=09pcn=09=09# AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 NICs
> #device=09=09rl=09=09# RealTek 8129/8139
> #device=09=09sf=09=09# Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
> #device=09=09sis=09=09# Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
> #device=09=09ste=09=09# Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
> #device=09=09tl=09=09# Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
> #device=09=09tx=09=09# SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
> #device=09=09vr=09=09# VIA Rhine, Rhine II
> #device=09=09wb=09=09# Winbond W89C840F
> #device=09=09wx=09=09# Intel Gigabit Ethernet Card (``Wiseman'')
> #device=09=09xl=09=09# 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
> #device=09=09bge=09=09# Broadcom BCM570x (``Tigon III'')
>
> # ISA Ethernet NICs.
> # 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
> device=09=09ed0=09at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 iomem 0xd8000
> #device=09=09ex
> #device=09=09ep
> #device=09=09fe0=09at isa? port 0x300
> # Xircom Ethernet
> #device=09=09xe
> # PRISM I IEEE 802.11b wireless NIC.
> #device=09=09awi
> # WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11 wireless NICs. Note: the WaveLAN/IEEE really
> # exists only as a PCMCIA device, so there is no ISA attachment needed
> # and resources will always be dynamically assigned by the pccard code.
> #device=09=09wi
> # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs. Note: the declaration below wil=
l
> # work for PCMCIA and PCI cards, as well as ISA cards set to ISA PnP
> # mode (the factory default). If you set the switches on your ISA
> # card for a manually chosen I/O address and IRQ, you must specify
> # those parameters here.
> #device=09=09an
> # The probe order of these is presently determined by i386/isa/isa_compat=
=2Ec.
> #device=09=09ie0=09at isa? port 0x300 irq 10 iomem 0xd0000
> #device=09=09le0=09at isa? port 0x300 irq 5 iomem 0xd0000
> #device=09=09lnc0=09at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 drq 0
> #device=09=09cs0=09at isa? port 0x300
> #device=09=09sn0=09at isa? port 0x300 irq 10
>
> # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
> pseudo-device=09loop=09=09# Network loopback
> pseudo-device=09ether=09=09# Ethernet support
> #pseudo-device=09sl=091=09# Kernel SLIP
> #pseudo-device=09ppp=091=09# Kernel PPP
> #pseudo-device=09tun=09=09# Packet tunnel.
> pseudo-device=09pty=09512=09# Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
> #pseudo-device=09md=09=09# Memory "disks"
> #pseudo-device=09gif=09=09# IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
> #pseudo-device=09faith=091=09# IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
>
> # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
> # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
> pseudo-device=09bpf=09=09#Berkeley packet filter
>
> -Kirill
> _______________________________________________
> freebsd-stable@freebsd.org mailing list
> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable
> To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-stable-unsubscribe@freebsd.org"
>
--=20
Doug White | FreeBSD: The Power to Serve
dwhite@gumbysoft.com | www.FreeBSD.org
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