From owner-svn-doc-head@FreeBSD.ORG Wed May 21 17:52:23 2014 Return-Path: Delivered-To: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by hub.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C2164491; Wed, 21 May 2014 17:52:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org (svn.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:2068::e6a:0]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id ADCE32EBD; Wed, 21 May 2014 17:52:23 +0000 (UTC) Received: from svn.freebsd.org ([127.0.1.70]) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.8/8.14.8) with ESMTP id s4LHqNPk029045; Wed, 21 May 2014 17:52:23 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Received: (from dru@localhost) by svn.freebsd.org (8.14.8/8.14.8/Submit) id s4LHqNJi029044; Wed, 21 May 2014 17:52:23 GMT (envelope-from dru@svn.freebsd.org) Message-Id: <201405211752.s4LHqNJi029044@svn.freebsd.org> From: Dru Lavigne Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 17:52:23 +0000 (UTC) To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44901 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall X-SVN-Group: doc-head MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-BeenThere: svn-doc-head@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18 Precedence: list List-Id: SVN commit messages for the doc tree for head List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 17:52:23 -0000 Author: dru Date: Wed May 21 17:52:23 2014 New Revision: 44901 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44901 Log: Editorial review of Allocating Disk Space and Committing to the Install sections. Ignore Designing the Partition Layout for now as it belongs elsewhere. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Wed May 21 15:17:21 2014 (r44900) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Wed May 21 17:52:23 2014 (r44901) @@ -891,9 +891,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID This section shows the order of the bsdinstall menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is installed. - Use the up and down arrows to highlight a menu option, then the - Space key to select or deselect a menu item. - Then, use Enter to save the selection and move + Use the arrow keys to highlight a menu option, then the + Space key to select or deselect that menu item. + When finished, use Enter to save the selection and move onto the next screen. @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space available. The &os; kernel and userland, collectively known - as the base system, are always installed. + as the base system, are always installed. Depending on the architecture, some of these components may not appear: @@ -1036,15 +1036,10 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID ports - The &os; Ports - Collection. - - The ports collection is an easy and convenient way to - install software. The Ports Collection does not contain - the source code necessary to compile the software. - Instead, it is a collection of files which automates the + Collection is a collection of files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-party software packages. discusses how - to use the ports collection. + to use the Ports Collection. The installation program does not check for @@ -1056,30 +1051,29 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID - src - System source code. - - &os; comes with full source code for both the kernel + src - The complete &os; source code for both the kernel and the userland. Although not required for the majority - of applications, it may be required to build certain - software supplied as source (for example, device drivers - or kernel modules), or for developing &os; itself. - - The full source tree requires 1 GB of disk space, + of applications, it may be required to build + device drivers, kernel modules, or some applications from + the Ports Collection. It is also used for developing &os; + itself. The full source tree requires 1 GB of disk space and recompiling the entire &os; system requires an additional 5 GB of space. - - + Installing from the Network - The bootonly installation media does - not hold copies of the installation files. When a - bootonly installation method is used, the - files must be retrieved over a network connection as they are - needed. + The menu shown in only appears when + installing from a -bootonly.iso + CD as this installation media does + not hold copies of the installation files. Since the installation + files must be retrieved over a network connection, this menu + indicates that the network interface must be first + configured.
Installing from the Network @@ -1092,13 +1086,14 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- After the network connection has been configured as shown in - , a mirror site - is selected. Mirror sites cache copies of the &os; files. - Choose a mirror site located in the same region of the world as + To configure the network connection, press + Enter and follow the instructions in + . Once the + interface is configured, select a mirror site that is + located in the same region of the world as the computer on which &os; is being installed. Files can be retrieved more quickly when the mirror is close to the target - computer, and installation time will be reduced. + computer, reducing installation time.
Choosing a Mirror @@ -1111,26 +1106,20 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- Installation will continue as if the installation files - were located on local media. + Installation will then continue as if the installation files + were located on the local installation media. + Allocating Disk Space - There are four ways to allocate disk space for &os;. - Guided partitioning automatically sets up - disk partitions, while Manual partitioning - allows advanced users to create customized partitions. The - ZFS option, only available in &os; 10 and - later, will create an optionally encrypted root-on-ZFS system - with support for Boot Environments. Finally, there's the option - of starting a shell where command-line programs like - &man.gpart.8;, &man.fdisk.8;, and &man.bsdlabel.8; can be used - directly. + The next menu is used to determine the method for + allocating disk space. The options available in the menu + depend upon the version of &os; being installed.
- Selecting Guided, Manual or Shell Partitioning + Partitioning Choices on &os; 9.x @@ -1141,8 +1130,7 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- Selecting Guided, Manual, Shell or - <acronym>ZFS</acronym> Partitioning + Partitioning Choices on &os; 10.x and Higher @@ -1151,9 +1139,19 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
+ Guided partitioning automatically sets up + the disk partitions, Manual partitioning + allows advanced users to create customized partitions from menu + options, and Shell opens a shell prompt where + advanced users can create customized partitions using + command-line utilities like &man.gpart.8;, &man.fdisk.8;, and &man.bsdlabel.8;. + ZFS partitioning, only available in &os; 10 and + later, creates an optionally encrypted root-on-ZFS system + with support for boot environments. + This section describes what to consider when laying out the - disk partitions. It then demonstrates how to use both the - Guided Partitioning and Manual Partitioning screens. + disk partitions. It then demonstrates how to use the different + partitioning methods. Designing the Partition Layout @@ -1252,7 +1250,8 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID Guided Partitioning - If multiple disks are connected, choose the one where &os; + When this method is selected, a menu will display the + available disk(s). If multiple disks are connected, choose the one where &os; is to be installed.
@@ -1266,13 +1265,14 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- The entire disk or a portion of it can be allocated to - &os;. If + Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install + to either the entire disk or to create a partition using free space. + If [ Entire Disk ] is chosen, a general partition layout filling the whole disk is - created. Selecting + automatically created. Selecting [ Partition ] creates a - partition layout in unused space on the disk. + partition layout from the unused space on the disk.
Selecting Entire Disk or Partition @@ -1285,12 +1285,12 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- After the partition layout has been created, review it - carefully for accuracy. If a mistake has been made, selecting + After the partition layout has been created, review it to + ensure it meets the needs of the installation. Selecting [ Revert ] will reset the - partitions as they were previously, or + partitions to their original values and pressing [ Auto ] will recreate the - automatic &os; partitions. Partitions can be manually + automatic &os; partitions. Partitions can also be manually created, modified, or deleted. When the partitioning is correct, select [ Finish ] to continue with the installation. @@ -1309,8 +1309,8 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID Manual Partitioning - Manual partitioning goes straight to the partition - editor. + Selecting this method opens the partition + editor:
Manually Create Partitions @@ -1323,11 +1323,10 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- Highlighting a drive (ada0 in this - example) and selecting - [ Create ] displays a menu - for choosing the type of partitioning - scheme. + Highlight the installation drive (ada0 in this + example) and select + [ Create ] to display a menu + of available partition schemes:
Manually Create Partitions @@ -1340,12 +1339,12 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- GPT partitioning is usually the most - appropriate choice for PC-compatible computers. Older PC - operating systems that are not compatible with - GPT may require MBR - partitioning instead. The other partitioning schemes are - generally used for uncommon or older computer systems. + GPT is usually the most + appropriate choice for &arch.amd64; computers. Older computers + that are not compatible with + GPT should use MBR. + The other partition schemes are + generally used for uncommon or older computers. Partitioning Schemes @@ -1361,16 +1360,15 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID APM - Apple Partition Map, used by &powerpc; - &macintosh; (http://support.apple.com/kb/TA21692). + Apple Partition Map, used by &powerpc;. BSD - BSD Labels without an MBR, sometimes called - dangerously dedicated mode. See - &man.bsdlabel.8;. + BSD label without an + MBR, sometimes called + dangerously dedicated mode as + non-BSD disk utilities may not recognize it. @@ -1387,7 +1385,7 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID PC98 - MBR ariant used by NEC PC-98 computers (MBR variant used by NEC PC-98 computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801). @@ -1401,8 +1399,8 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
After the partitioning scheme has been selected and - created, selecting [ Create ] - again will create new partitions. + created, select [ Create ] + again to create the partitions.
Manually Create Partitions @@ -1419,15 +1417,13 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID at least three partitions: - Standard &os; <acronym>GPT</acronym> Partitions - - freebsd-boot - &os; boot + freebsd-boot - Holds the &os; boot code. - freebsd-ufs - A &os; UFS file + freebsd-ufs - A &os; UFS file system. @@ -1439,48 +1435,48 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID Another partition type worth noting is freebsd-zfs, used for partitions that will - contain a &os; ZFS file system. . &man.gpart.8; shows more of + contain a &os; ZFS file system (). Refer to &man.gpart.8; for descriptions of the available GPT partition types. - Multiple file system partitions can be used, and some - people may prefer a traditional layout with separate + Multiple file system partitions can be created and some + people prefer a traditional layout with separate partitions for the /, /var, /tmp, and /usr file systems. See for an example. - Size may be entered with common abbreviations: + The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, or G for gigabytes. Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, - and making partition sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps + and making partition sizes even multiples of 4K-bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with either 512-byte or 4K-byte sectors. Generally, using partition sizes that are even multiples of 1M or 1G is the easiest way to make sure - every partition starts at an even multiple of 4K. One - exception: at present, the freebsd-boot - partition should be no larger than 512K due to boot code + every partition starts at an even multiple of 4K. There is one + exception: the freebsd-boot + partition should be no larger than 512K due to current boot code limitations. - A mountpoint is needed if this partition will contain a - file system. If only a single UFS partition will be created, + A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a + file system. If only a single UFS partition will be created, the mountpoint should be /. - A label is also requested. A label - is a name by which this partition will be known. Drive + The Label is + a name by which the partition will be known. Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different controller or port, but the partition label does not change. Referring to labels instead of drive names and partition numbers in files like /etc/fstab makes the system more tolerant - of changing hardware. GPT labels appear in + to hardware changes. GPT labels appear in /dev/gpt/ when a disk is attached. Other - partitioning schemes have different label capabilities, and + partitioning schemes have different label capabilities and their labels appear in different directories in /dev/. @@ -1488,9 +1484,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID Use a unique label on every file system to avoid conflicts from identical labels. A few letters from the computer's name, use, or location can be added to the label. - For instance, labroot or - rootfs-lab for the UFS root partition on - the lab's computer. + For instance, use labroot or + rootfs-lab for the UFS root partition on + the computer named lab. @@ -1511,7 +1507,7 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID label values as described above. By default, &os;'s gptboot expects - the first UFS partition found to be the + the first UFS partition to be the / partition. @@ -1583,23 +1579,23 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID installations was added in &os; 10.0-RELEASE. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and will erase the contents of the entire disk. The installer will - automatically create partitions aligned to 4k boundaries, as - well as force ZFS to use 4k sectors. This + automatically create partitions aligned to 4k boundaries and + force ZFS to use 4k sectors. This is safe even with 512 byte sector disks, and has the added benefit of ensuring that pools created on 512 byte disks will - be able to have 4k sector disks added to them in the future, - for additional storage space, or as replacements for failed - disks. The installer can also optionally employ GELI disk + be able to have 4k sector disks added in the future, either as + additional storage space or as replacements for failed + disks. The installer can also optionally employ GELI disk encryption as described in . - If encryption is enabled, a 2 GB unencrypted boot pool is - created that contains the /boot - directory, which holds the kernel and other files necessary + If encryption is enabled, a 2 GB unencrypted boot pool + containing the /boot + directory is created. It holds the kernel and other files necessary to boot the system. A swap partition of a user selectable size is also created, and all remaining space is used for the ZFS pool. - The main ZFS menu in the installer + The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of options to control the creation of the pool. @@ -1613,8 +1609,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- The most important option is selecting the vdev type and - one or more disks that will make up the vdev that will + Select T to configure the Pool + Type and + the disk(s) that will constitute the pool. The automatic ZFS installer currently only supports the creation of a single top level vdev, except in stripe mode. To create more complex @@ -1624,9 +1621,10 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID including stripe (not recommended, no redundancy), mirror (best performance, least usable space), and RAID-Z 1, 2, and 3 (with the capability to withstand the concurrent failure of 1, - 2, and 3 disks, respectively). A tooltip across the bottom of - the screen while selecting the pool type provides advice about - the number of required disks for each type, and in the case of + 2, and 3 disks, respectively). while selecting the pool type, + a tooltip is displayed across the bottom of + the screen with advice about + the number of required disks, and in the case of RAID-Z, the optimal number of disks for each configuration. @@ -1640,10 +1638,10 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID - Once a pool type has been selected, a list of available + Once a Pool Type has been selected, a list of available disks is displayed, and the user is prompted to select one or more disks to make up the pool. The configuration is then - validated, to ensure enough disks were selected. If not, + validated, to ensure enough disks are selected. If not, select <Change Selection> to return to the list of disks, or <Cancel> to change the pool @@ -1674,11 +1672,11 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID If one or more disks are missing from the list, or if disks were attached after the installer was started, select - Rescan Devices to repopulate the list - of available disks. To ensure that the correct disk is + of available disks. To ensure that the correct disks are selected, so as not to accidently destroy the wrong disks, the - Disk Info menu can be used to inspect - each disk, including its partition table, and various other - information, including the device model number and serial + each disk, including its partition table and various other + information such as the device model number and serial number, if available.
@@ -1691,16 +1689,17 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- The menu also allows the user to enter a name for the - pool, disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable + The main ZFS configuration menu also + allows the user to enter a pool name, + disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable encryption, switch between GPT (recommended) and MBR partition table - types, and select the desired amount of swap space. Once all + types, and select the amount of swap space. Once all options have been set to the desired values, select the >>> Install option at the top of the menu. - If &man.geli.8; disk encryption was enabled, the + If GELI disk encryption was enabled, the installer will prompt twice for the passphrase to be used to encrypt the disks. @@ -1736,25 +1735,31 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID Shell Mode Partitioning - When creating advanced installations the basic interface - of bsdinstall may not provide the level of flexibility - required. Selecting the Shell option - from the partitioning menu will drop the user to a shell. The - user is expected to partition the drives and create the - desired file system(s), populate an &man.fstab.5; file in + When creating advanced installations, the + bsdinstall paritioning menus may + not provide the level of flexibility + required. Advanced users can select the Shell option + from the partitioning menu in order to + manually partition the drives, create the + file system(s), populate /tmp/bsdinstall_etc/fstab, and mount the file systems under /mnt. Once this is - done, running exit will return to - bsdinstall and continue the installation, starting with the - extraction of the distribution sets. + done, type exit to return to + bsdinstall and continue the installation. Committing to the Installation - This is the last chance for aborting the installation to - prevent changes to the hard drive. + Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the + last chance to make changes before the selected + hard drive(s) are formatted. If changes need to be made, + select [ Back ] to return to + the main partitioning menu. + [ Revert & Exit ] + will exit the installer without making any changes to the hard + drive.
Final Confirmation @@ -1767,27 +1772,18 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- Select [ Commit ] and press - Enter to proceed. If changes need to be made, - select [ Back ] to return to - the partition editor. - [ Revert & Exit ] - will exit the installer without making any changes to the hard - drive. + To instead start the actual installation, select + [ Commit ] and press + Enter. Installation time will vary depending on the distributions - chosen, installation media, and speed of the computer. There - will be a series of messages displayed indicating + chosen, installation media, and speed of the computer. A + series of messages will indicate the progress. - Firstly, the installer will write the partitions to the - disk, and perform a newfs to initialise the - partitions. - - If doing a network install, - bsdinstall will then proceed to - download the required distribution files. - + First, the installer formats the selected disk(s) and + initializes the partitions. Next, in the case of a bootonly + media, it downloads the selected components:
Fetching Distribution Files @@ -1800,9 +1796,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
- Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified, + Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified to ensure they have not been corrupted during download or - misread from the installation media. + misread from the installation media:
Verifying Distribution Files @@ -1816,7 +1812,7 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
Finally, the verified distribution files are extracted to - the disk. + the disk:
Extracting Distribution Files @@ -1830,9 +1826,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID
Once all requested distribution files have been extracted, - bsdinstall will then drop straight - into the post-installation configuration tasks described in - . + bsdinstall displays the first + post-installation menu. This series of menus is described in + the next section.