Date: Thu, 25 Apr 1996 20:38:25 -0500 From: Matthew Z Stout <matt@nexus.xanadu2.net> To: Terry Lambert <terry@lambert.org>, <matt@xanadu2.net> Cc: "Matthew Z. Stout" <matt@xanadu2.net>, <questions@FreeBSD.ORG> Subject: RE: A: Installing a second disk drive Message-ID: <XFMail.960425203825.matt@nexus.xanadu2.net> In-Reply-To: <199604252243.PAA25630@phaeton.artisoft.com>
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On Thu Apr 25 22:47:32 1996 Terry Lambert wrote: >>> I have sent several pieces of e-mail in the past few days, and am in >> desperate need of a reply. I need to know the exact procedure for >> preparing a new hard drive for use in a FreeBSD 2.1 machine. I have a >> 2.2 gig SCSI-2 hard drive, and have been struggling with fdisk and >> newfs for a week now. I simply need someone to outline the proper >> steps for use of fdisk, newfs and mount in the installation of this >> hard drive. > >This is covered both in the handbook and in the -questions archive. > >Undoubtedly, a search didn't find it because someone used the >subject "Need Help!!!" or something similar instead of using >something like "Q: Installing a second disk drive". > > >Here are the long and short versions. If you are not running >-current or a recent snap, you will need to use the long >version. > > > Terry Lambert > terry@lambert.org >--- >Any opinions in this posting are my own and not those of my present >or previous employers. >=========================================================================== >This should be the handbook entry: > >] Hmm.. I have a feeling this is 'unsupported' to say the least, but >] after mucking around with fdisk and disklabel, and still getting >] errors from newfs, I wound up doing >] >] <change to console 0> >] login as root >] cd /stand >] ./sysinstall >] >] now do "partition" (or whatever the first selection is) >] After defining everything on the right disk, hit "w" to go into wizard >] mode. From here, do "write". >] Then repeat with "label" (or whatever the second selection is). >] Exit, and newfs >] >] No warranties, but this worked for me when adding the 4th SCSI disk. >] >] -Terje >] ____________________________________________________________________ >] Terje Thoegersen, Systems Consultant | terje.thogersen@hda.hydro.com >] Norsk Hydro a.s, Hydro Data | Tel : +47 2273 9298 >] P.O.Box 200, | Fax : +47 2273 9614 >] 1321 Stabekk, Norway | Pager : 966 32801 > >Here is the "long form": > >] Again, >] >] Here is Seppo Kalio's excellent documentation on how to add a second >] disk. >] >] >] Thanks for everyone who did help me! I hope we did all learn >] something. >] >] I have now done this about 10 times and now I feel I know something >] about it. >] >] I agree with John Capo <jc@irbs.com> that it is trivial after you >] know how >] to do it ;-). And I agree that the biggest problem is fdisk. It is >] not >] trivial what parameters you have change and how! The disklabel -e -r >] sd1 is >] not so hard to use. Nor newfs or mount ;-) >] >] >] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- >] Here final (?) text how to do it. Or how I have done it. >] >] In an example here I have 80MB SCSI disk (in a AHA 2940 controller), >] FreeBSD 2.0.5R. >] >] You have to start with fdisk (# -lines written by me): >] >] # fdisk -i -u /dev/rsd1 >] ******* Working on device /dev/rsd1 ******* >] parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are: >] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl) >] >] Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1 >] parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are: >] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl) >] >] # The cylinder count is nonsence, the disk is 80-81 MB, >] # so it should be 80 or 81. Head and sector count OK. >] # On all Adaptec controlled disks heads=64 and sectors=32 >] # The head count has nothing to do with the disk drive hardware >] # head count. Same with cylinder and sector count. >] >] Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks ? [n] n >] >] # Wrong cylinder count does not matter, forward! >] >] Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1 >] >] # This should be: "First sector must be 1" >] >] Information from DOS bootblock is: >] The data for partition 0 is: >] sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD) >] >] # Sysid you must know it is 165, it is zero when you have empty disk >] # Where are the docs about this? >] >] start 32, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 80 >] beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0; >] end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63 >] Do you want to change it? [n] y >] Supply a decimal value for "sysid" [0] 165 # FreeBSD = 165 >] Supply a decimal value for "start" [0] 0 # 0 (32 on bootdisk?) >] Supply a decimal value for "size" [0] 163840 # This comes from >] 80*32*64 >] # If bootdisk, you must substract 2048 (=32*64) ????????? >] Explicitly specifiy beg/end address ? [n] y >] Supply a decimal value for "beginning cylinder" [0] # (* >] Supply a decimal value for "beginning head" [0] # (* >] Supply a decimal value for "beginning sector" [0] 1 # Must be 1 (* >] Supply a decimal value for "ending cylinder" [0] 79 # Cylinders 0 to >] 79=80 >] Supply a decimal value for "ending head" [0] 63 # (* >] Supply a decimal value for "ending sector" [0] 32 # (* >] sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD) >] start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0 >] beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0; >] end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63 >] Are we happy with this entry? [n] >] >] # (* are same to all disks in Adaptec SCSI controllers. >] # Ending cylinder is same number as the MB count minus one (here >] 80-1) >] >] The data for partition 1 is: >] <UNUSED> >] Do you want to change it? [n] n >] The data for partition 2 is: >] <UNUSED> >] Do you want to change it? [n] n >] The data for partition 3 is: >] <UNUSED> >] Do you want to change it? [n] n >] Do you want to change the active partition? [n] n >] >] We haven't changed the partition table yet. This is your last >] chance. >] parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are: >] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl) >] >] Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1 >] parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are: >] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl) >] >] Information from DOS bootblock is: >] 0: sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD) >] start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0 >] beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0; >] end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63 >] 1: <UNUSED> >] 2: <UNUSED> >] 3: <UNUSED> >] Should we write new partition table? [n] y # if all is correct >] >] # you will get following error message, forget it. >] >] ioctl DIOCWLABEL: Operation not supported by device >] >] # Then start disklabel -e -r sd1 >] >] # You will get a screen something like: >] >] >] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >] # /dev/rsd1c: >] type: SCSI >] disk: d80mb >] label: >] flags: >] bytes/sector: 512 >] sectors/track: 32 >] tracks/cylinder: 64 >] sectors/cylinder: 2048 >] cylinders: 80 >] sectors/unit: 165888 >] rpm: 3600 # If this is zero, put here 3600 >] interleave: 1 # If this is zero, put here 1 >] trackskew: 0 >] cylinderskew: 0 >] headswitch: 0 # milliseconds >] track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds >] drivedata: 0 >] >] 3 partitions: # Uh? >] # size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg] >] c: 163840 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 >] - 79) >] >] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- >] >] # c: is the whole disk, do not touch it! >] >] # I want to add one 10MB swap to this disk, rest space for files. >] # So I write to extra lines (before the c: -line): >] >] a: 143840 20000 4.2BSD 0 0 >] b: 20000 0 swap >] >] # Note: the sum of size fields is a+b=c. The offset is the starting >] # block number of the partition. When swap starts from 0 and is >] # 20000 blocks then next partition starts from 20000. >] # The extra zeroes on a: line mus be there! >] >] # There it is. Exit from editor, if errors try to correct. >] >] # Next make filesystem: >] >] # newfs /dev/rsd1a >] Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder (4096) disagrees with disk >] label (2048) >] Warning: 3136 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated >] /dev/rsd1a: 123840 sectors in 31 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 >] sectors >] 60.5MB in 2 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 7680 i/g) >] super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: >] 32, 65568, >] >] # So some sectors could be defined more .. this terminology is >] awfull: >] # Here newfs is speaking about 3136 sectors. In fdisk we define that >] # the disk has 32 sectors! >] # These must be blocks of 512 bytes, or what are they???? 3136 blocks >] # is 1605632 bytes that is 1.6MB. The actual size of my disk is more >] # than 80MB, it is about 81 MB. >] >] # And mount it: >] >] # mount /dev/sd1a /mnt >] # df >] Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on >] /dev/sd0a 96143 30253 58198 34% / >] /dev/sd0s1f 1404471 741255 550858 57% /home >] /dev/sd0s1e 387503 273317 83185 77% /usr >] procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc >] kaarna:/home/www 1518207 1310531 86219 94% /opt/www >] /dev/sd1a 59951 1 55153 0% /mnt >] >] # If you get to this point, you are lucky. It is not easy. The >] # fdisk is the hardest part. >] >] Seppo >] >] >] >] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- >] Andrew Webster Network Manager / Special Projects >] Dataradio Inc. 200-5500 Royalmount Ave. TEL: +1 514 737 0020 >] Town of Mount Royal, QC, CANADA H4P 1H7 FAX: +1 514 737 7883 >] http://www.dataradio.com Email: awebster@dataradio.com >===========================================================================
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