From owner-freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Mon Aug 3 17:11:27 2015 Return-Path: Delivered-To: freebsd-questions@mailman.ysv.freebsd.org Received: from mx1.freebsd.org (mx1.freebsd.org [IPv6:2001:1900:2254:206a::19:1]) by mailman.ysv.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 71F559B2618 for ; Mon, 3 Aug 2015 17:11:27 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bah@bananmonarki.se) Received: from feeder.usenet4all.se (1-1-1-38a.far.sth.bostream.se [82.182.32.53]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (Client did not present a certificate) by mx1.freebsd.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id E4EDFEF0 for ; Mon, 3 Aug 2015 17:11:26 +0000 (UTC) (envelope-from bah@bananmonarki.se) Received: from testbox.news4all.se (testbox.usenet4all.se [10.0.0.3]) by feeder.usenet4all.se (8.13.1/8.13.1) with ESMTP id t73HBND9052923 for ; Mon, 3 Aug 2015 19:11:23 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from bah@bananmonarki.se) Message-ID: <55BFA0BB.5080704@bananmonarki.se> Date: Mon, 03 Aug 2015 19:11:23 +0200 From: Bernt Hansson User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; FreeBSD amd64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/31.7.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: USB stick and some help with it. References: <55BF6AA0.2030802@bananmonarki.se> <55BF8824.9050803@gmail.com> <55BF8D65.6010404@bananmonarki.se> <55BF9024.6000409@gmail.com> <55BF9522.3@bananmonarki.se> <55BF964B.7080400@gmail.com> <55BF9817.4070409@bananmonarki.se> <55BF9954.2020005@gmail.com> <55BF9F26.8030003@bananmonarki.se> <55BF9FE3.3030606@gmail.com> In-Reply-To: <55BF9FE3.3030606@gmail.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-BeenThere: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.20 Precedence: list List-Id: User questions List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 03 Aug 2015 17:11:27 -0000 On 2015-08-03 19:07, jd1008 wrote: > > > On 08/03/2015 11:04 AM, Bernt Hansson wrote: >> >> >> On 2015-08-03 18:39, jd1008 wrote: >>> >>> >>> On 08/03/2015 10:34 AM, Bernt Hansson wrote: >>>> >>>> >>>> On 2015-08-03 18:26, jd1008 wrote: >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On 08/03/2015 10:21 AM, Bernt Hansson wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On 2015-08-03 18:00, jd1008 wrote: >>>>>>> Are you invoking the command as root or regular user? >>>>>> >>>>>> As root. >>>>> If your installation cannot write to the raw device, then >>>>> it is either a bug or .....???? >>>>> >>>>> One thing that you have to be aware of is that if you >>>>> dd an iso image to a flash, then afterwards, the OS >>>>> will always assume it is a non-writable cdrom; that >>>>> is until you dd /dev/zero into the raw device while >>>>> it is not mounted. >>>>> >>>> There is no rda* on FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE-p15 #0 >>> So how will a user write to the raw device? >> You tell me. I don't know. > > OK, so in your installation what do you see in /dev as far as disk > devices that are raw > (i.e. their name starts with r)? None. On FreeBSD, all block devices are in fact raw devices. Support for non-raw devices was removed in FreeBSD 4.0 in order to simplify buffer management and increase scalability and performance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_device