Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2013 21:39:11 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r41093 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install Message-ID: <201303042139.r24LdBc9015109@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Mon Mar 4 21:39:11 2013 New Revision: 41093 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/41093 Log: Temporarily revert r41083 as pc98 still uses floppies. Subsequent patch will address 7.x stuff. Submitted by: eadler Approved by: hrs (mentor) Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml Mon Mar 4 20:03:17 2013 (r41092) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.xml Mon Mar 4 21:39:11 2013 (r41093) @@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ <!-- January 2000 --> </chapterinfo> - <title>Installing &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> - </title> + <title>Installing &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and Earlier</title> <sect1 id="install-synopsis"> <title>Synopsis</title> @@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ <para>A summary of this information is given in the following sections. Depending on the method you choose to install &os;, you may - also need a USB drive, a supported CDROM drive, and in some + also need a floppy drive, a supported CDROM drive, and in some case a network adapter. This will be covered by the <xref linkend="install-boot-media"/>.</para> @@ -547,6 +546,14 @@ <listitem> <para>A &ms-dos; partition on the same computer</para> </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>A SCSI or QIC tape</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Floppy disks</para> + </listitem> </itemizedlist> <itemizedlist> @@ -584,8 +591,9 @@ computer into the FreeBSD installer—it is not a program you run within another operating system. Your computer normally boots using the operating system installed on your hard disk, but it can also be - configured to boot from a CDROM in the CDROM drive or from a - USB disk.</para> + configured to use a <quote>bootable</quote> floppy disk. + Most modern computers can also + boot from a CDROM in the CDROM drive or from a USB disk.</para> <tip> <para>If you have FreeBSD on CDROM or DVD (either one you purchased @@ -604,14 +612,14 @@ <title>Acquire the Memory Stick Image</title> <para>Memory stick images for - &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> can be - downloaded from <filename - class="directory">ISO-IMAGES/</filename> at + &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and earlier can be downloaded from + the <filename class="directory">ISO-IMAGES/</filename> + directory at <literal>ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/ISO-IMAGES/<replaceable>version</replaceable>/&os;-<replaceable>version</replaceable>-RELEASE-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-memstick.img</literal>. Replace <replaceable>arch</replaceable> and <replaceable>version</replaceable> with the - architecture and the version number to install, - respectively. For example, the memory stick + architecture and the version number which you want to + install, respectively. For example, the memory stick images for &os;/&arch.i386; &rel2.current;-RELEASE are available from <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel2.current;/&os;-&rel2.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img"></ulink>.</para>; @@ -710,6 +718,123 @@ </step> </procedure> + <para>To create boot floppy images, follow these steps:</para> + + <procedure> + <step> + <title>Acquire the Boot Floppy Images</title> + + <important> + <para>Please note, as of &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, floppy disk images are + no longer available. Please see above for instructions + on how to install &os; using a USB memory stick or just + use a CDROM or a DVD.</para> + </important> + + <para>The boot disks are available on your installation media + in the <filename>floppies/</filename> directory, and + can also be downloaded from the floppies directory, + <literal>ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/<replaceable>version</replaceable>-RELEASE/floppies/</literal>. + Replace <replaceable>arch</replaceable> and + <replaceable>version</replaceable> + with the architecture and the version number + which you want to install, respectively. + For example, the boot floppy images for + &os;/&arch.i386; &rel2.current;-RELEASE are available + from <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/&rel2.current;-RELEASE/floppies/"></ulink>.</para>; + + <para>The floppy images have a <filename>.flp</filename> extension. + The <filename>floppies/</filename> directory contains a number of + different images, and the ones you will need to use depends on the + version of FreeBSD you are installing, and in some cases, the + hardware you are installing to. + In most cases you will need four + floppies, <filename>boot.flp</filename>, + <filename>kern1.flp</filename>, + <filename>kern2.flp</filename>, and + <filename>kern3.flp</filename>. Check + <filename>README.TXT</filename> in the same directory for the + most up to date information about these floppy images.</para> + + <important> + <para>Your FTP program must use <emphasis>binary mode</emphasis> + to download these disk images. Some web browsers have been + known to use <emphasis>text</emphasis> (or + <emphasis>ASCII</emphasis>) mode, which will be apparent if you + cannot boot from the disks.</para> + </important> + </step> + + <step> + <title>Prepare the Floppy Disks</title> + + <para>You must prepare one floppy disk per image file you had to + download. It is imperative that these disks are free from + defects. The easiest way to test this is to format the disks + for yourself. Do not trust pre-formatted floppies. The format + utility in &windows; will not tell about the presence of + bad blocks, it simply marks them as <quote>bad</quote> + and ignores them. It is advised that you use brand new + floppies if choosing this installation route.</para> + + <important> + <para>If you try to install FreeBSD and the installation + program crashes, freezes, or otherwise misbehaves, one of + the first things to suspect is the floppies. Try writing + the floppy image files to new disks and try + again.</para> + </important> + </step> + + <step> + <title>Write the Image Files to the Floppy Disks</title> + + <para>The <filename>.flp</filename> files are + <emphasis>not</emphasis> regular files you copy to the disk. + They are images of the complete contents of the + disk. This means that you <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> simply + copy files from one disk to another. + Instead, you must use specific tools to write the + images directly to the disk.</para> + + <indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm> + <para>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running + &ms-dos; / &windows;, then we provide a tool to do + this called <command>fdimage</command>.</para> + + <para>If you are using the floppies from the CDROM, and your + CDROM is the <devicename>E:</devicename> drive, then you would + run this:</para> + + <screen><prompt>E:\></prompt> <userinput>tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp A:</userinput></screen> + + <para>Repeat this command for each <filename>.flp</filename> + file, replacing the floppy disk each time, being sure to label + the disks with the name of the file that you copied to them. + Adjust the command line as necessary, depending on where you have + placed the <filename>.flp</filename> files. If you do not have + the CDROM, then <command>fdimage</command> can be downloaded from + the <ulink + url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/"><filename class="directory">tools</filename> + directory</ulink> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</para> + + <para>If you are writing the floppies on a &unix; system (such as + another FreeBSD system) you can use the &man.dd.1; command to + write the image files directly to disk. On FreeBSD, you would + run:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen> + + <para>On FreeBSD, <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> refers to the + first floppy disk (the <devicename>A:</devicename> drive). + <filename>/dev/fd1</filename> would be the + <devicename>B:</devicename> drive, and so on. Other &unix; + variants might have different names for the floppy disk + devices, and you will need to check the documentation for the + system as necessary.</para> + </step> + </procedure> + <para>You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD.</para> </sect2> </sect1> @@ -768,10 +893,11 @@ We can take no responsibility for lost d <literal>First Hard Disk</literal>, and so on.</para> <para>If you are booting from the CDROM then make sure that - the CDROM is selected. If you are booting from a USB - disk, make sure that is selected instead. In case of - doubt, consult the manual that came with the computer, - and/or its motherboard.</para> + the CDROM is selected. If you are booting from a USB disk or + a floppy disk then + make sure that is selected instead. In case of doubt, you + should consult the manual that came with your computer, and/or its + motherboard.</para> <para>Make the change, then save and exit. The computer should now restart.</para> @@ -786,6 +912,15 @@ We can take no responsibility for lost d the computer, and insert the CDROM at the first opportunity.</para> + <note> + <para>For &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, installation + boot floppies are available and can be prepared as + described in <xref linkend="install-boot-media"/>. One of + them will be the first boot disc: + <filename>boot.flp</filename>. Put this disc in your + floppy drive and boot the computer.</para> + </note> + <para>If your computer starts up as normal and loads your existing operating system, then either:</para> @@ -834,10 +969,35 @@ FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf /boot/kernel/kernel text=0x64daa0 data=0xa4e80+0xa9e40 syms=[0x4+0x6cac0+0x4+0x88e9d] \</screen> + + <para>If you are booting from floppy disc, you will see a display + similar to this (version information omitted):</para> + + <screen>Booting from Floppy... +Uncompressing ... done + +BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.01 +Console: internal video/keyboard +BIOS drive A: is disk0 +BIOS drive C: is disk1 +BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory + +FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1 + +Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf +/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 | + +Insert disk labelled "Kernel floppy 1" and press any key...</screen> + + <para>Follow these instructions by removing the + <filename>boot.flp</filename> disc, insert the + <filename>kern1.flp</filename> disc, and press + <keycap>Enter</keycap>. Boot from first floppy; + when prompted, insert the other disks as required.</para> </step> <step> - <para>Whether you booted from CDROM or USB stick, the + <para>Whether you booted from CDROM, USB stick or floppy, the boot process will then get to the &os; boot loader menu:</para> @@ -2907,6 +3067,31 @@ Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on the post-installation configuration.</para> </sect2> + <sect2 id="linuxcomp"> + <title>Linux Compatibility</title> + + <note> + <para>This part only applies to &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> + installation, if you install &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> + this screen will not be proposed.</para> + </note> + + <screen> User Confirmation Requested + Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility? + + [ Yes ] No</screen> + + <para>Selecting &gui.yes; and pressing + <keycap>Enter</keycap> will allow + running Linux software on FreeBSD. The install will add + the appropriate packages for Linux compatibility.</para> + + <para>If installing by FTP, the machine will need to be connected to + the Internet. Sometimes a remote ftp site will not have all the + distributions like the Linux binary compatibility. This can + be installed later if necessary.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="mouse"> <title>Mouse Settings</title> @@ -3929,8 +4114,8 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> <qandaentry> <question> <para>My system hangs while probing hardware during boot, - or it behaves strangely during install, or the drive - is not probed.</para> + or it behaves strangely during install, or the floppy + drive is not probed.</para> </question> <answer> <para>&os; makes extensive use of the system @@ -4288,6 +4473,11 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l /dev/cuau0</userinput></screen> + <para>On &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> use the following command + instead:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l /dev/cuad0</userinput></screen> + </step> </procedure> @@ -4407,7 +4597,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> off USB drives. It also supports booting into a <quote>livefs</quote> based rescue mode. The documentation packages are provided but no other - packages.</entry> + packages. This image is not available for &os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable>.</entry> </row> <row> @@ -4452,6 +4642,14 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> </tgroup> </table> + <note> + <para>&os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases before + &os; 7.3 and &os; 8.0 used a + different naming convention. The names of their ISO + images are not prefixed with + <literal>&os;-</literal>.</para> + </note> + <para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> download one of either the <literal>bootonly</literal> ISO image, or the image of <literal>disc1</literal>. Do not download @@ -4542,11 +4740,12 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> the install.</para> <note> - <para>If the boot media for the FTP clients is not precisely - the same version as that provided by the local FTP site, - then <application>sysinstall</application> will not complete - the installation. If the versions are not similar and - you want to override this, go into the + <para>If the boot media (floppy disks, usually) for your FTP + clients is not precisely the same version as that provided + by the local FTP site, then <application>sysinstall</application> + will not let you + complete the installation. If the versions are not similar and + you want to override this, you must go into the <guimenu>Options</guimenu> menu and change distribution name to <guimenuitem>any</guimenuitem>.</para> </note> @@ -4561,7 +4760,74 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> </warning> </sect2> - <sect2 id="install-msdos"> + <sect2> + <title>Creating Installation Floppies</title> + + <indexterm> + <primary>installation</primary> + <secondary>floppies</secondary> + </indexterm> + + <para>If you must install from floppy disk (which we suggest you + do <emphasis>not</emphasis> do), either due to unsupported + hardware or simply because you insist on doing things the hard + way, you must first prepare some floppies for the installation.</para> + + <para>At a minimum, you will need as many 1.44 MB floppies + as it takes to hold all the files in the + <filename>base</filename> (base distribution) directory. If + you are preparing the floppies from &ms-dos;, then they + <emphasis>must</emphasis> be formatted using the &ms-dos; + <command>FORMAT</command> command. If you are using &windows;, + use Explorer to format the disks (right-click on the + <devicename>A:</devicename> drive, and select + <quote>Format</quote>).</para> + + <para>Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> trust factory pre-formatted + floppies. Format them again yourself, just to be sure. Many + problems reported by our users in the past have resulted from + the use of improperly formatted media, which is why we are + making a point of it now.</para> + + <para>If you are creating the floppies on another FreeBSD machine, + a format is still not a bad idea, though you do not need to put + a &ms-dos; filesystem on each floppy. You can use the + <command>bsdlabel</command> and <command>newfs</command> + commands to put a UFS filesystem on them instead, as the + following sequence of commands (for a 3.5" 1.44 MB floppy) + illustrates:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -w fd0.1440 floppy3</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen> + + <para>Then you can mount and write to them like any other + filesystem.</para> + + <para>After you have formatted the floppies, you will need to copy + the files to them. The distribution files are split into chunks + conveniently sized so that five of them will fit on a conventional + 1.44 MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many + files as will fit on each one, until you have all of the + distributions you want packed up in this fashion. Each + distribution should go into a subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: + <filename>a:\base\base.aa</filename>, + <filename>a:\base\base.ab</filename>, and so on.</para> + + <important> + <para>The <filename>base.inf</filename> file also needs to go on the + first floppy of the <filename>base</filename> set since it is read + by the installation program in order to figure out how many + additional pieces to look for when fetching and concatenating the + distribution.</para> + </important> + + <para>Once you come to the Media screen during the install + process, select <guimenuitem>Floppy</guimenuitem> and you + will be prompted for the rest.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="install-msdos"> <title>Installing from an &ms-dos; Partition</title> <indexterm> @@ -4627,7 +4893,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen> <note> <para>When starting the installation, the tape must be in the drive <emphasis>before</emphasis> booting from the boot - media. The installation probe may otherwise fail to find + floppy. The installation probe may otherwise fail to find it.</para> </note> </sect2>
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