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From: Doug White <dwhite@gdi.uoregon.edu>
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To: Mike Tancsa <mike@sentex.net>
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Subject: Re: Help with IDE drive...
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On Fri, 21 Feb 1997, Mike Tancsa wrote:
> I have decided to kill my Win95 partition and take it over with FreeBSD.
> The problem is, is that I am having no end of troubles trying to disklabel
> it...
You need to disklabel -w this at some point.
Try these instructions.
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From: Terry Lambert <terry@lambert.org>
Message-Id: <199604252243.PAA25630@phaeton.artisoft.com>
Subject: A: Installing a second disk drive
To: matt@xanadu2.net (Matthew Z. Stout)
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 1996 15:43:15 -0700 (MST)
Cc: questions@FreeBSD.org
In-Reply-To: <317FC95A.200F@xanadu2.net> from "Matthew Z. Stout" at Apr 25, 96 12:50:02 pm
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> I have sent several pieces of e-mail in the past few days, and am in
> desperate need of a reply. I need to know the exact procedure for
> preparing a new hard drive for use in a FreeBSD 2.1 machine. I have a
> 2.2 gig SCSI-2 hard drive, and have been struggling with fdisk and
> newfs for a week now. I simply need someone to outline the proper
> steps for use of fdisk, newfs and mount in the installation of this
> hard drive.
This is covered both in the handbook and in the -questions archive.
Undoubtedly, a search didn't find it because someone used the
subject "Need Help!!!" or something similar instead of using
something like "Q: Installing a second disk drive".
Here are the long and short versions. If you are not running
-current or a recent snap, you will need to use the long
version.
Terry Lambert
terry@lambert.org
---
Any opinions in this posting are my own and not those of my present
or previous employers.
===========================================================================
This should be the handbook entry:
] Hmm.. I have a feeling this is 'unsupported' to say the least, but
] after mucking around with fdisk and disklabel, and still getting
] errors from newfs, I wound up doing
]
] <change to console 0>
] login as root
] cd /stand
] ./sysinstall
]
] now do "partition" (or whatever the first selection is)
] After defining everything on the right disk, hit "w" to go into wizard
] mode. From here, do "write".
] Then repeat with "label" (or whatever the second selection is).
] Exit, and newfs
]
] No warranties, but this worked for me when adding the 4th SCSI disk.
]
] -Terje
] ____________________________________________________________________
] Terje Thoegersen, Systems Consultant | terje.thogersen@hda.hydro.com
] Norsk Hydro a.s, Hydro Data | Tel : +47 2273 9298
] P.O.Box 200, | Fax : +47 2273 9614
] 1321 Stabekk, Norway | Pager : 966 32801
Here is the "long form":
] Again,
]
] Here is Seppo Kalio's excellent documentation on how to add a second
] disk.
]
]
] Thanks for everyone who did help me! I hope we did all learn
] something..
]
] I have now done this about 10 times and now I feel I know something
] about it.
]
] I agree with John Capo <jc@irbs.com> that it is trivial after you
] know how
] to do it ;-). And I agree that the biggest problem is fdisk. It is
] not
] trivial what parameters you have change and how! The disklabel -e -r
] sd1 is
] not so hard to use. Nor newfs or mount ;-)
]
]
] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
] Here final (?) text how to do it. Or how I have done it.
]
] In an example here I have 80MB SCSI disk (in a AHA 2940 controller),
] FreeBSD 2.0.5R.
]
] You have to start with fdisk (# -lines written by me):
]
] # fdisk -i -u /dev/rsd1
] ******* Working on device /dev/rsd1 *******
] parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
]
] Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
] parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
]
] # The cylinder count is nonsence, the disk is 80-81 MB,
] # so it should be 80 or 81. Head and sector count OK.
] # On all Adaptec controlled disks heads=64 and sectors=32
] # The head count has nothing to do with the disk drive hardware
] # head count. Same with cylinder and sector count.
]
] Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks ? [n] n
]
] # Wrong cylinder count does not matter, forward!
]
] Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
]
] # This should be: "First sector must be 1"
]
] Information from DOS bootblock is:
] The data for partition 0 is:
] sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
]
] # Sysid you must know it is 165, it is zero when you have empty disk
] # Where are the docs about this?
]
] start 32, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 80
] beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
] end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
] Do you want to change it? [n] y
] Supply a decimal value for "sysid" [0] 165 # FreeBSD = 165
] Supply a decimal value for "start" [0] 0 # 0 (32 on bootdisk?)
] Supply a decimal value for "size" [0] 163840 # This comes from
] 80*32*64
] # If bootdisk, you must substract 2048 (=32*64) ?????????
] Explicitly specifiy beg/end address ? [n] y
] Supply a decimal value for "beginning cylinder" [0] # (*
] Supply a decimal value for "beginning head" [0] # (*
] Supply a decimal value for "beginning sector" [0] 1 # Must be 1 (*
] Supply a decimal value for "ending cylinder" [0] 79 # Cylinders 0 to
] 79=80
] Supply a decimal value for "ending head" [0] 63 # (*
] Supply a decimal value for "ending sector" [0] 32 # (*
] sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
] start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
] beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
] end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
] Are we happy with this entry? [n]
]
] # (* are same to all disks in Adaptec SCSI controllers.
] # Ending cylinder is same number as the MB count minus one (here
] 80-1)
]
] The data for partition 1 is:
] <UNUSED>
] Do you want to change it? [n] n
] The data for partition 2 is:
] <UNUSED>
] Do you want to change it? [n] n
] The data for partition 3 is:
] <UNUSED>
] Do you want to change it? [n] n
] Do you want to change the active partition? [n] n
]
] We haven't changed the partition table yet. This is your last
] chance.
] parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
]
] Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
] parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
] cylinders=1923 heads=64 sectors/track=32 (2048 blks/cyl)
]
] Information from DOS bootblock is:
] 0: sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
] start 0, size 163840 (80 Meg), flag 0
] beg: cyl 0/ sector 1/ head 0;
] end: cyl 79/ sector 32/ head 63
] 1: <UNUSED>
] 2: <UNUSED>
] 3: <UNUSED>
] Should we write new partition table? [n] y # if all is correct
]
] # you will get following error message, forget it.
]
] ioctl DIOCWLABEL: Operation not supported by device
]
] # Then start disklabel -e -r sd1
]
] # You will get a screen something like:
]
]
] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
] # /dev/rsd1c:
] type: SCSI
] disk: d80mb
] label:
] flags:
] bytes/sector: 512
] sectors/track: 32
] tracks/cylinder: 64
] sectors/cylinder: 2048
] cylinders: 80
] sectors/unit: 165888
] rpm: 3600 # If this is zero, put here 3600
] interleave: 1 # If this is zero, put here 1
] trackskew: 0
] cylinderskew: 0
] headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
] track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
] drivedata: 0
]
] 3 partitions: # Uh?
] # size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
] c: 163840 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0
] - 79)
]
] --------------------------------------------------------------------------
]
] # c: is the whole disk, do not touch it!
]
] # I want to add one 10MB swap to this disk, rest space for files.
] # So I write to extra lines (before the c: -line):
]
] a: 143840 20000 4.2BSD 0 0
] b: 20000 0 swap
]
] # Note: the sum of size fields is a+b=c. The offset is the starting
] # block number of the partition. When swap starts from 0 and is
] # 20000 blocks then next partition starts from 20000.
] # The extra zeroes on a: line mus be there!
]
] # There it is. Exit from editor, if errors try to correct.
]
] # Next make filesystem:
]
] # newfs /dev/rsd1a
] Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder (4096) disagrees with disk
] label (2048)
] Warning: 3136 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
] /dev/rsd1a: 123840 sectors in 31 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096
] sectors
] 60.5MB in 2 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 7680 i/g)
] super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
] 32, 65568,
]
] # So some sectors could be defined more .. this terminology is
] awfull:
] # Here newfs is speaking about 3136 sectors. In fdisk we define that
] # the disk has 32 sectors!
] # These must be blocks of 512 bytes, or what are they???? 3136 blocks
] # is 1605632 bytes that is 1.6MB. The actual size of my disk is more
] # than 80MB, it is about 81 MB.
]
] # And mount it:
]
] # mount /dev/sd1a /mnt
] # df
] Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
] /dev/sd0a 96143 30253 58198 34% /
] /dev/sd0s1f 1404471 741255 550858 57% /home
] /dev/sd0s1e 387503 273317 83185 77% /usr
] procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc
] kaarna:/home/www 1518207 1310531 86219 94% /opt/www
] /dev/sd1a 59951 1 55153 0% /mnt
]
] # If you get to this point, you are lucky. It is not easy. The
] # fdisk is the hardest part.
]
] Seppo
]
]
]
] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
] Andrew Webster Network Manager / Special Projects
] Dataradio Inc. 200-5500 Royalmount Ave. TEL: +1 514 737 0020
] Town of Mount Royal, QC, CANADA H4P 1H7 FAX: +1 514 737 7883
] http://www.dataradio.com Email: awebster@dataradio.com
===========================================================================
>From j@uriah.heep.sax.de Sun Jul 28 16:08:53 1996
Date: Sat, 27 Jul 1996 13:29:43 +0200 (MET DST)
From: J Wunsch <j@uriah.heep.sax.de>
Reply-To: Joerg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de>
To: FreeBSD-current users <freebsd-current@freebsd.org>
Cc: Ernie Elu <ernie@spooky.eis.net.au>
Subject: Re: Adding a second scsi drive
As Ernie Elu wrote:
> Can someone one email me a set of instructions on how to add a second scsi
> drive with -current without using sysinstall?
I mailed my procedure a dozen times:
disklabel -Brw sd1 auto
disklabel -e sd1 # edit partitions
for filesys in `get file system partitions of sd1`
do
newfs -d0 /dev/rsd1${filesys}
done
vi /etc/fstab
This creates ``dangerously dedicated'' drives (thus no `fdisk'
required), as long as this is fine with you, the above is perhaps the
easiest way.
> Sysinstall still core dumps when I try and usr it to partition and and
> disklabel the second drive.
Analyze it, and tell Jordan about the actual problem.
--
cheers, J"org
joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de -- http://www.sax.de/~joerg/ -- NIC: JW11-RIPE
Never trust an operating system you don't have sources for. ;-)
>From darrylo@hpnmhjw.sr.hp.com Tue Oct 1 19:26:51 1996
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 1996 12:44:20 -0700
From: Darryl Okahata <darrylo@hpnmhjw.sr.hp.com>
Reply-To: darrylo@sr.hp.com
To: Mark Cheeseman <cheese@bbq.websource.com.au>
Cc: questions@freefall.freebsd.org
Subject: Re: Adding a second disk - what am I missing?
> I thought sysinstall was supposed to take care of that so I haven't tried it
> until now. Everything looks sensible except for the last few lines which
> say something like (excuse any typos - I don't have cut/paste here):
>
> 8 partitions:
> # size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
> c: 2031650 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 27088*)
>
> Can I just change "unused" to "freebsd"? What should I do about the 8
> partitions? Change it to 1, or leave it as it is?
If and only if all of the following are true:
* You're an intermediate- to expert-level user. (DON'T EVEN THINK ABOUT
DOING THE FOLLOWING IF YOU'RE A NOVICE USER!)
* You have a SCSI disk (you did mention "sd0" -- IDE drives may work in
the following, but I don't know).
* You want to dedicate the *ENTIRE* disk to FreeBSD.
* You have no data on the disk that you want to keep.
* You don't mind losing ALL DATA that is currently on the disk.
* You don't mind destroying any and all MSDOS or Windows 3.1/95/NT
information that is on the disk.
* You don't plan on using or sharing the disk with other operating
systems (e.g., MSDOS or Windows).
* You want to partition the *ENTIRE* FreeBSD slice into a single FreeBSD
filesystem.
Then, the easiest way to add a dedicated disk is the following:
* First, determine the base disk name of the disk you want to add. Your
earlier posting said "sd0", a SCSI disk -- is this correct? This
implies that you're probably booting off an IDE disk, and not a SCSI
disk, as "sd0" is typically the boot drive (when booting from a SCSI
disk).
* Assuming that "sd0" really is correct (MAKE SURE OF THIS, AS YOU'LL
LOSE ALL DATA ON YOUR BOOT DISK, IF YOU'RE WRONG), do the following
(assuming Bourne shell /bin/sh syntax):
# This won't work if you're using /bin/csh:
d=sd0
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/r$d count=2
disklabel /dev/r$d | disklabel -B -R -r $d /dev/stdin
# We only want one partition, so using slice 'c' should be fine:
newfs /dev/r${d}c
(Thanks to Bruce Evans for the procedure.)
You can then mount the drive via a command like:
mount /dev/${d}c /mnt
Expert users can partition the FreeBSD slice into multiple filesystems
using a slightly different procedure:
# This won't work if you're using /bin/csh:
d=sd0
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/r$d count=2
TMP=/tmp/label$$
disklabel /dev/r$d > $TMP
# Edit disklabel to add partitions:
vi $TMP
disklabel -B -R -r $d $TMP
# newfs partitions appropriately
[ In case anyone's interested, I'm working on a perl script from h*ll
that attempts to simplify adding an hard disk (this perl script
generates a shell script that does the proper fdisk/disklabel/newfs
crud). I hope to release an alpha version this week to solicit
comments. ]
-- Darryl Okahata
Internet: darrylo@sr.hp.com
DISCLAIMER: this message is the author's personal opinion and does not
constitute the support, opinion, or policy of Hewlett-Packard, or of the
little green men that have been following him all day.
Doug White | University of Oregon
Internet: dwhite@resnet.uoregon.edu | Residence Networking Assistant
http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~dwhite | Computer Science Major