Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 15:17:21 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44900 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall Message-ID: <201405211517.s4LFHLrP059903@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Wed May 21 15:17:21 2014 New Revision: 44900 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44900 Log: Editorial review of Prepare the Installation Media section. Describe the available installation files. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Wed May 21 15:13:37 2014 (r44899) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml Wed May 21 15:17:21 2014 (r44900) @@ -431,116 +431,126 @@ <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-installation-media"> <title>Prepare the Installation Media</title> - <para>A &os; installation is started by booting the computer - with a &os; installation <acronym>CD</acronym>, - <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or <acronym>USB</acronym> memory - stick. The installer is not a program that can be run from - within another operating system.</para> - - <para>In addition to the standard installation media which - contains copies of all the &os; installation files, there is a - <emphasis>bootonly</emphasis> variant. Bootonly install media - does not have copies of the installation files, but downloads - them from the network during an install. The bootonly install - <acronym>CD</acronym> is consequently much smaller, and - reduces bandwidth usage during the install by only downloading - required files.</para> + <para>The &os; installer is not an application that can be run from + within another operating system. Instead, download a &os; + installation file, burn it to the media associated with its + file type and size (<acronym>CD</acronym>, + <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or <acronym>USB</acronym>), and boot + the system to install from the inserted media.</para> - <para>Copies of &os; installation media are available at <link + <para>&os; installation files are available at <link xlink:href="&url.base;/where.html#download">www.freebsd.org/where.html#download</link>. - Also download <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename> from the - same directory as the image file, and use it to check the + Each installation file's name includes the release version of + &os;, the architecture, and the type of file. For example, to + install &os; 10.0 on an &arch.amd64; system from a + <acronym>DVD</acronym>, download + <filename>FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso</filename>, + burn this file to a <acronym>DVD</acronym>, and boot the + system with the <acronym>DVD</acronym> inserted.</para> + + <para>Several file types are available, though not all file + types are available for all architectures. The possible file + types are:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para><literal>-bootonly.iso</literal>: This is the smallest + installation file as it only contains the installer. A + working Internet connection is required during + installation as the installer will download the files it + needs to complete the &os; installation. This file should + be burned to a <acronym>CD</acronym> using a + <acronym>CD</acronym> burning application.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><literal>-disc1.iso</literal>: This file contains all + of the files needed to install &os;, its source, and the + Ports Collection. It should be burned to a + <acronym>CD</acronym> using a <acronym>CD</acronym> + burning application.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><literal>-dvd1.iso</literal>: This file contains all + of the files needed to install &os;, its source, and the + Ports Collection. It also contains a set of popular + binary packages for installing a window manager and some + applications so that a complete system can be installed + from media without requiring a connection to the Internet. + This file should be burned to a <acronym>DVD</acronym> + using a <acronym>DVD</acronym> burning application.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><literal>-memstick.img</literal>: This file contains + all of the files needed to install &os;, its source, and + the Ports Collection. It should be burned to a + <acronym>USB</acronym> stick using the instructions + below.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <para>Also download <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename> from the + same directory as the image file and use it to check the image file's integrity by calculating a - <emphasis>checksum</emphasis>. &os; provides &man.sha256.1; + <firstterm>checksum</firstterm>. &os; provides &man.sha256.1; for this, while other operating systems have similar programs. Compare the calculated checksum with the one shown in <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename>. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not match, the file is - corrupt and should be discarded.</para> + corrupt and should be downloaded again.</para> - <tip> - <para>If a copy of &os; already exists on - <acronym>CD</acronym>, <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or - <acronym>USB</acronym> memory stick, this section can be - skipped.</para> - </tip> + <sect3> + <title>Burning an Image File to <acronym>USB</acronym></title> - <para>&os; <acronym>CD</acronym> and <acronym>DVD</acronym> - images are bootable <acronym>ISO</acronym> files. Only one - <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> is needed for - an install. Burn the <acronym>ISO</acronym> image to a - bootable <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> using - the burning applications available with the current operating - system. On &os;, recording is provided by - <command>cdrecord</command> from - <package>sysutils/cdrtools</package>, installed from the Ports - Collection.</para> - - <para>To create a bootable memory stick, follow these - steps:</para> - - <procedure xml:id="bsdinstall-installation-media-memory-stick"> - <step> - <title>Acquire the Memory Stick Image</title> - - <para>Memory stick images for &os; 9.0-RELEASE and - later can be downloaded from the - <filename>ISO-IMAGES/</filename> - directory at - <literal>ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/ISO-IMAGES/<replaceable>version</replaceable>/&os;-<replaceable>version</replaceable>-RELEASE-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-memstick.img</literal>. - Replace <replaceable>arch</replaceable> and - <replaceable>version</replaceable> with the architecture - and the version number to install, respectively. For - example, the memory stick images for - &os;/&arch.i386; 9.0-RELEASE are available from <uri - xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/9.0/&os;-9.0-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/9.0/&os;-9.0-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img</uri>.</para>; - - <tip> - <para>A different directory path is used for - &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and earlier - versions. Details of download and installation of - &os; 8.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and earlier is - covered in <xref linkend="install"/>.</para> - </tip> - - <para>The memory stick image has a <filename>.img</filename> - extension. The <filename>ISO-IMAGES/</filename> directory - contains a number of different images, and the one needed - depends on the version of &os; being installed, and in - some cases, the target hardware.</para> + <para>Since the <filename>*.img</filename> file is an + <emphasis>image</emphasis> of the complete contents of a + memory stick, it <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> just be copied + to the target device. Several applications are available + for burning the <filename>*.img</filename> to a + <acronym>USB</acronym> stick. This section describes two + of these utilities.</para> <important> - <para>Before proceeding, <emphasis>back up</emphasis> the - data on the USB stick, as this procedure will - <emphasis>erase</emphasis> it.</para> + <para>Before proceeding, back up any important + data on the <acronym>USB</acronym> stick as this procedure will + erase the existing data on the stick.</para> </important> - </step> - - <step> - <title>Write the Image File to the Memory Stick</title> <procedure> - <title>Using &os; to Write the Image</title> + <title>Using <command>dd</command> to Write the + Image</title> <warning> - <para>The example below shows + <para>This example uses <filename>/dev/da0</filename> as the target device - where the image will be written. Be very careful that - the correct device is used as the output target, as - this command will destroy existing data.</para> + where the image will be written. Be <emphasis>very + careful</emphasis> that the correct device is used as + this command will destroy the existing data on the + specified target device.</para> </warning> <step> - <title>Writing the Image with &man.dd.1;</title> - - <para>The <filename>.img</filename> file is - <emphasis>not</emphasis> a regular file. It is an - <emphasis>image</emphasis> of the complete contents of - the memory stick. It <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> be - copied like a regular file, but must be written - directly to the target device with &man.dd.1;:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=&os;-9.0-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img of=/dev/<replaceable>da0</replaceable> bs=64k</userinput></screen> + <para>The <command>dd</command> command-line utility is + included on BSD, Linux, and &macos; systems. To burn + the image using <command>dd</command>, insert the + <acronym>USB</acronym> stick and determine its device + name. Then, specify the name of the downloaded + installation file and the device name for the + <acronym>USB</acronym> stick. This example burns the + &arch.amd64; installation image to the first + <acronym>USB</acronym> device on an existing &os; + system.</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=<replaceable>FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img</replaceable> of=/dev/<replaceable>da0</replaceable> bs=64k</userinput></screen> + + <para>Should this command fail, verify that the + <acronym>USB</acronym> stick is not mounted and that + the device name is for the disk, not a partition. + Depending upon the operating system, this command may + need to be issued using + <command>sudo</command>.</para> </step> </procedure> @@ -549,7 +559,7 @@ <warning> <para>Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the - output target, as existing data will be overwritten + existing data on the specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed.</para> </warning> @@ -583,15 +593,9 @@ write the image file to the memory stick.</para> </step> </procedure> - </step> - </procedure> - - <note> - <para>Installation from floppy disks is no longer - supported.</para> - </note> <para>You are now ready to start installing &os;.</para> + </sect3> </sect2> </sect1>
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